International Journal of Korean Studies

Transcription

1 ISSN International Journal of Korean Studies Volume XIX, Number 2 Fall/Winter 2015 Human Rights and Humanitarian Planning for Crisis in North Korea Energy and the Environment: Challenges to a Post-Unification Economic Recovery The Role of the ROK-U.S. Alliance in Peaceful Unification of Korea Party-Military Relations in North Korea and the Security Situation on the Korean Peninsula Korean Unification and the Interests and Roles of Neighboring Countries Human Security in North Korea International Council on Korean Studies Council on Korea-U.S. Security Studies

2 International Journal of KOREAN STUDIES Volume XIX, Number 2 Fall/Winter 2015

3 ISSN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF KOREAN STUDIES Volume XIX, Number 2 (Fall/Winter 2015) EDITOR-IN-CHIEF Tara O EDITORS Bruce E. Bechtol, Jr. Angelo State University Kwang Soo Cheong, Johns Hopkins University Nam-Sung Huh, Korea National Defense University Hugo W. Kim, Washing University of Virginia Jinill Kim, Korea University Young-Key Kim-Renaud, George Washingon.Univ. Haeduck Lee, The World Bank Jin Young Park, American University Terence J. Roehrig, U.S. Naval War College Denny Roy, East-West Center (Honolulu) EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD Bruce Cumings, University of Chicago Wonmo Dong, University of Washington Carter Eckert, Harvard University Hak-joon Kim, The Dong-A Ilbo Han Kyo Kim, University of Cincinnati Ilpyong J. Kim, University of Connecticut Jae-Chang Kim, Korea-U.S. Security Studies Samuel S. Kim, Columbia University Youn-Suk Kim, Kean University Chae-Jin Lee, Claremont-McKenna College Marcus Noland, Peterson Inst. for Intl. Economics Edward A. Olson, U.S. Naval Post Graduate School Hang Yul Rhee, Shepherd University Soon Paik, Washington University of Virginia Yoon-shik Park, George Wash. University Jong O. Ra, Hollins U. and Virginia Polytech. Jae Kap Ryoo, Kyonggi University Jai P. Ryu, Loyola University Maryland Eui-Hang Shin, University of S. Carolina David I. Steinberg, Georgetown University Robert G. Sutter, Georgetown University Richard W. Wilson, Rutgers University Yong Soon Yim, Sungkyunkwan University Jang H. Yoo, Ehwa Women s University Young Kwan Yoon, Seoul Natl. University EDITORIAL INFORMATION Contributors should submit a manuscript that is 7,000-8,000 words in length (including an abstract, keywords, and endnotes), single spaced, Times New Roman 11 point font in an electronic file compatible with the current version of MS Word. The abstract should be words. A brief bio in MS Word is also required (less than 100 words). Unpublished original articles must provide full documentation in conformance with the standards in the current edition of the Chicago Manual of Style. It is the author s responsibility to receive permission for any copy write items (charts, graphs) in the manuscript. Charts/graphs must have titles above them and sources noted below. Submit manuscripts along with your bio to Tara O, Editor-in-Chief. editor.ijks@gmail.com The International Journal of Korean Studies is indexed and abstracted in the references of major social sciences, and all of its articles are accessible through the Columbia International Affairs Online by the Columbia University Press and Asia-Studies Online. ii International Journal of Korean Studies Fall 2015

4 ISSN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF KOREAN STUDIES Volume XIX, Number 2 Fall/Winter 2015 Contents Human Rights and Humanitarian Planning for Crisis in North Korea Roberta Cohen 1 Energy and the Environment: Challenges to a Post-Unification Economic Recovery Troy Stangarone 26 The Role of the ROK-U.S. Alliance in Peaceful Unification of Korea Byeonggu Lee 47 Party-Military Relations in North Korea and the Security Situation on the Korean Peninsula Robert Collins 69 Korean Unification and the Interests and Roles of Neighboring Countries Sue Mi Terry 103 Human Security in North Korea Greg Scarlatoiu 126 The International Journal of Korean Studies is copyrighted under U.S. law International Council on Korean Studies International Journal of Korean Studies Vol. XIX, No. 2 iii

5 ISSN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF KOREAN STUDIES The International Journal of Korean Studies (IJKS) is published twice a year jointly by the International Council on Korean Studies (ICKS) and the Council on Korea-U.S. Security Studies (COKUSS). Annual Subscription Rates: $35 for individual subscriptions, and $60 for institutional and international subscriptions. All the members of ICKS are entitled to receive the journal automatically, and all issues of IJKS are posted on the ICKS website at below: Contact: International Council on Korean Studies (ICKS) 5508 Chestermill Drive, Fairfax, VA , U.S.A. Tel & Fax (703) , at hugo33kim@verizon.net ICKS Website Home: INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL ON KOREAN STUDIES (ICKS) ICKS is a non-profit and non-partisan organization dedicated to the advancement of Korean studies and related academic and professional activities in the United States as well as abroad through conferences, publications, and other relevant activities. EXECUTIVE BOARD President: Bruce E. Bechtol, Jr. Vice Presidents: Richard T. Shin Treasurer: Won Eok Kim IJKS Editor-in-Chief: Tara O BOARD OF DIRECTORS Chairman: Soon Paik; Vice Chairman: Jai P. Ryu Members: Bruce E. Bechtol, Jr., Gordon G. Chang, James F. Durand, George A. Hutchinson, Dong-Keun Jeong, Hugo W. Kim, Won E. Kim, Woong B. Lee, David S. Maxwell, Tara O, InHwan Oh, Hong-Kyu Park, Yoon-shik Park, Jong O. Ra, Hang Yul Rhee, Terence J. Roehrig, Greg Scarlatoiu, and Richard T. Shin, AUDITOR: Yop Park COUNCIL ON KOREA-U.S. SECURITY STUDIES (COKUSS) The Council on Korea-U.S. Security Studies was established in 1984 as a not-for-profit organization by a group of retired military officers, diplomats, and scholars from the United States and Korea. The Council aims to promote studies on political, economic, and military relations between two countries by exchanges of opinions and ideas among theorists and practitioners through conferences and publications. EXECUTIVE BOARD Co-Chairman: John H. Tilelli, Jr. and Jae-Chang Kim Directors: Sungpyo Hong and Bruce E. Bechtol, Jr. BOARD OF DIRECTORS Sungpyo Hong, Namd-Sung Huh, Kwang-On Hyun, Il Hwa Jung, Taewoo Kim, Yong-Ok Park, Jae-Kap Ryoo, Daesung Song, Yong Soon Yim, Raymond P. Ayres, Jr., Bruce E. Bechtol, Jr., Hugo W. Kim, David S. Maxwell, Patrick M. Morgan AUDITORS: Jae Kap Ryoo, Chang-yeol Jeon, Hugo W. Kim iv International Journal of Korean Studies Fall 2015

6 AUTHOR BIOGRAPHIES Roberta Cohen is a Non-Resident Senior Fellow in Foreign Policy at The Brookings Institution. She is a specialist in human rights, humanitarian and refugee issues, and a leading expert on the subject of internally displaced persons. For more than a decade, she codirected the Brookings Project on Internal Displacement and served as Senior Adviser to the Representative of the UN Secretary-General on Internally Displaced Persons. She co-authored the first major study on internal displacement, Masses in Flight (Brookings), and co-won the Grawemeyer Award for Ideas Improving World Order and the DACOR (State Department Ret.) Fiftieth Anniversary Award for Exemplary Writing on Foreign Affairs and Diplomacy. She earlier served as a Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Human Rights and senior adviser on U.S. delegations to the UN. She is Co-Chair Emeritus of the Committee for Human Rights in North Korea (HRNK), a U.S.-based research and advocacy group, and a member of the Committee on Conscience of the U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum. She has an Honorary Doctorate in Law from the University of Bern, an M.A. with distinction from the Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies and a B.A. in History from Barnard College (Columbia University). Troy Stangarone is the Senior Director of Congressional Affairs and Trade at Korea Economic Institute (KEI). He focuses on issues pertaining to U.S.-Korea relations, South Korea s foreign and economic policy, and North Korea. He also serves as editor for Korea s Economy and KEI s blog, The Peninsula. He was a Council on Foreign Relations International Affairs Fellow in South Korea, sponsored by the Asan Institute for Policy Studies. Prior to joining KEI, Mr. Stangarone worked on Capitol Hill for Senator Robert Torricelli on issues relating to foreign affairs and trade. He holds a MSc. in International Relations from the London School of Economics and Political Science and a B.A. in Political Science and Economics from the University of Memphis. Byeonggu Lee is an associate professor of military strategy at Korea National Defense University. His research interests include U.S. v

7 defense policy/military strategy, civil-military relations, Korean defense policy, war and security studies, military innovation, ROK- U.S. alliance, and U.S.-China security relations. He has provided professional advices to the Ministry of National Defense, National Intelligence Service, the Army Headquarters, and other securityrelated agencies in South Korea. He is also serving as the research director of Korea Nuclear Policy Society. He received his BE from Korea Military Academy in 1995, MA in military strategy from Korea National Defense University in 2004, and Ph.D. in political science from the University of Kansas in Robert M. Collins is a 37-year veteran employee of the U.S. Department of the Army and served 31 years in various positions with the U.S. military in Korea, including several liaison positions with the Republic of Korea military. He finished his career in June 2009 as Chief of Strategy, ROK-U.S. Combined Forces Command, Seoul, Korea, serving the 4-star U.S. commander as a political analyst for planning on Korean Peninsula. Mr. Collins holds a B.A. in Asian History, University of Maryland, 1977, and a M.A. in International Politics from Dankook University, 1988, with Ph.D. work at Hanyang University (no degree). He received the Republic of Korea Sam-il Medal (South Korean Order of National Security Merit, Fourth Class) from President Lee Myung-bak and the U.S. Army Decoration for Exceptional Civilian Service by the Secretary of the Army. Mr. Collins is the author of Marked For Life: Songbun North Korea s Social Classification System (2012) and Pyongyang Republic: North Korea s Capital of Human Rights Denial (2016), Committee on Human Rights in North Korea, Washington, DC, and Strategic Assessment of North Korean Human Environment During Crisis, Korea Battle Simulation Center and Cubic Corporation, Mr. Collins is a non-resident fellow at Committee for Human Rights in North Korea, Washington, DC (see hrnk.org). Sue Mi Terry is a Senior Research Scholar at the Columbia University Weatherhead East Asian Institute. Her research focus is on East Asia, particularly Northeast Asia security and U.S.-Northeast Asia relations, North Korea s evolving nuclear strategy and potential for instability, politics and foreign policy of South Korea. She is also vi International Journal of Korean Studies Fall 2015

8 the founder of Peninsula Strategies Inc., an advisory firm specializing in Korean issues with both government and corporate clients. In , she served as the National Intelligence Fellow in the David Rockefeller Studies Program at the Council on Foreign Relations in New York. Greg Scarlatoiu is the Executive Director of the Committee for Human Rights in North Korea (HRNK) in Washington, D.C. He has coordinated eighteen HRNK publications addressing North Korea s human rights situation and the operation of its regime. A seasoned lecturer on Korean peninsula issues, Scarlatoiu has appeared as an expert witness at several Congressional hearings on North Korean human rights. Prior to HRNK, he was with Korea Economic Institute (KEI) in Washington, D.C. He has over six years of experience in international development, under projects funded by USAID, the World Bank and the Asian Development Bank. For thirteen years, he has been authoring and broadcasting the weekly Korean language Scarlatoiu Column to North Korea for Radio Free Asia (RFA). A visiting professor at Hankuk University of Foreign Studies (HUFS) in Seoul, Scarlatoiu co-chairs the Korean Peninsula class at the State Department s Foreign Service Institute (FSI). He holds a Master of Arts in Law and Diplomacy (MALD) from the Fletcher School, Tufts University, and an MA and BA from Seoul National University, Department of International Relations. Mr. Scarlatoiu was awarded the title of Citizen of Honor, City of Seoul, in January A native of Romania, Scarlatoiu is a naturalized U.S. citizen. International Journal of Korean Studies Vol. XIX, No. 2 vii