Toward individualized medicine

Transcription

1 Toward individualized medicine The Jackson Laboratory Annual Report 2008

2

3 Table of contents From the President and CEO: Toward individualized medicine...2 Research...4 JAX Mice & Services...8 Advancement Education/Courses and Conferences...16 FY 2008 financial summary...20 Donors...24 Funding agencies/sponsors...40 Board of Trustees and Senior Management Team...41 Mission We discover the genetic basis for preventing, treating and curing human disease, and we enable research and education for the global biomedical community. Vision Our mouse models and genetics research lead the world to solutions for cancer and other complex and intractable diseases. 1

4 Toward individualized medicine The completion of the Human Genome Project has launched a scientific revolution in medicine. Researchers now have access to powerful new tools and resources that are accelerating the pace of singlegene discovery and enabling new types of experiments that involve complex genetic networks. This, in turn, is providing the kinds of insights into disease mechanisms that are ushering in a new era of individualized medicine. Individualized medicine promises better prevention, diagnosis and treatment options tailored to each person s unique genetic makeup. The Jackson Laboratory is a leader in this scientific revolution. It s our mission to discover the genetic basis for preventing, treating and curing human disease. More than 200 Ph.D. and M.D. scientists at The Jackson Laboratory conduct genetics research using mice. Because the vast majority of human genes have a functional counterpart in the mouse, the mouse is ideally suited for genetic experiments on human disease. Many of our scientists study how single genes guide complex biological processes and how these processes go astray in disease. Other scientists at the Laboratory are pioneering a new experimental approach to studying biological mechanisms called systems genetics. Systems genetics involves the analysis of all the genes in the genome. It provides insights into the complex genetic networks that underlie human health and disease. My prediction is that systems genetics will be one of the single most important approaches for enabling individualized medicine. The Laboratory s systems genetics research integrates genetically defined lines of mice available through the Genetic Resource Science and JAX Mice & Services groups with the extensive informatics and database resources of our Mouse Genome Informatics group. It also relies on new mathematical and computational tools being developed by faculty members and their collaborators in our Center for Genome Dynamics. While all members of the Laboratory s faculty benefit from access to systems genetics capabilities for their own programs, several members of our faculty in the Jackson Aging Center are taking advantage of these integrated institutional capabilities to further our understanding of the genetic and environmental factors that influence aging. 2

5 In addition to our own research, we provide the most comprehensive set of resources and services to enable research and systems genetics in the global research community. More than 4,000 different lines of mice are being maintained in the repository by the Genetic Resource Science group, and JAX Mice & Services is expanding its outreach to provide mice and services to investigators throughout the world. Finally, as part of our mission, we provide a comprehensive series of courses, conferences and workshops that teach students, postdocs and independent scientists in both academia and industry how to use the power of mouse and systems genetics in their own laboratories. In 2008, about 1,500 investigators came to The Jackson Laboratory for these opportunities. Additionally, for the 84th consecutive year, we brought high school and college students to the Laboratory to participate in our eight-week summer training program. This program has gained wide acclaim for helping launch the careers of many accomplished scientists throughout the biomedical research community. Our future lies in expanding our knowledge, research resources, databases, products and services to improve understanding of the complex mechanisms of human disease. Our success will move the world toward better health. This report describes our accomplishments in FY 2008 and foreshadows new efforts toward individualized medicine. With these contributions, The Jackson Laboratory is leading the search for tomorrow s cures. Richard P. Woychik, Ph.D. President and CEO 3

6 Associate Director/Chair of Research Robert Braun, Ph.D., arrived in the fall of 2007 to lead the research program.

7 Research JMS Advancement Education/Courses The Jackson Laboratory s renowned research program investigates mammalian genetics as it relates to human disease and health. Impressive results began to emerge from its recently established centers for aging, systems genetics and biophysics in addition to its National Cancer Institutedesignated Cancer Center, establishing the Laboratory as a world leader in light microscopy, bioinformatics, complex disease and aging research as well as cancer. The research effort was further strengthened with the arrival of a new associate director/chair of research and also National Institutes of Health (NIH) grant successes in a very difficult funding environment. Additionally, the Laboratory gained notice as a great training ground for emerging scientists, and notable results were published throughout the year in leading scientific journals. FY 2008 highlights Hired Associate Director/Chair of Research Robert Braun, Ph.D. Named one of the 10 Best Places to Work for Postdocs, 2008 in a survey by The Scientist. Placed among the top 100 institutions nationwide for NIH funding. Had original research published in leading journals such as Nature, Nature Methods, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Genetics and Development. Robert Braun, Ph.D., becomes associate director/chair of research The Jackson Laboratory selected a distinguished scientist in the field of reproductive genetics, Robert Braun, Ph.D., as the new associate director/chair of research. Dr. Braun joined the Laboratory in November 2007 after more than 20 years at the University of Washington. Jackson Laboratory President and CEO Rick Woychik describes Dr. Braun as an internationally prominent scientist with the highest research credentials and a genuine interest in the research at the Laboratory. Dr. Braun earned his undergraduate degree in molecular, cellular and developmental biology, chemistry and mathematics at the University of Colorado, Boulder, and his Ph.D. in the Tufts University School of Medicine Department of Microbiology. He was a postdoctoral associate in the University of Washington s Department of Biochemistry from 1986 to In 1990, he joined the Department of Genetics as an assistant professor, rising to the rank of professor before joining the Laboratory last year. The recipient of many honors and awards, Dr. Braun has also been a visiting scientist at the Medical Research Council in England and, in , at The Jackson Laboratory. 5

8 Research JMS Advancement Education/Courses Top 100 list of research institutions includes The Jackson Laboratory 6 The Jackson Laboratory ranks in the top 100 research institutions nationwide in grants from the National Institutes of Health, the nation s primary biomedical research funding agency. Having received more than $50 million in NIH funding in 2007, the Laboratory ranks 96th among all recipient organizations, including the nation s top universities. According to the NIH database, the Laboratory also ranks seventh in funding among its peer, unaffiliated organizations: those belonging to the Association of Independent Research Institutes (AIRI). The institution s success rate in obtaining NIH research grant awards is 39 percent, nearly twice the average of 20.7 percent for all U.S. institutions and 23.7 percent for AIRI institutions. Jackson researchers publish in top journals This year Jackson researchers published the results of their research in virtually all of the world s most prestigious scientific journals. These papers include Dr. Leonard Shultz in Cell, Dr. David Serreze in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Dr. Joerg Bewersdorf in Nature Methods and Dr. Bo Chang in Nature Medicine. Dr. Carol Bult was quoted in Science and Dr. Gary Churchill in Nature. In addition, Jackson Laboratory resources are referenced in more than 20,000 peer-reviewed research publications (about 100 new papers each week). Toward individualized medicine: Embracing complexity Over the years The Jackson Laboratory s work has been associated with 20 Nobel Prizes and many breakthroughs in human disease research, including cancer, diabetes, metabolic disorders and others in a group that is now being termed complex genetic diseases. To find ways to cure and even prevent these diseases, the Laboratory s research program is going beyond single-gene research to truly bridge the gap between the mouse and human genomes. Laboratory faculty members are working to define the field of systems genetics and apply it to disease research. They are also seeking to employ mouse models in more effective and sophisticated ways for pre-clinical research that can translate to human medicine. New faculty members are bringing with them both a disease focus and expertise in the analysis of complex data. By using its historic strengths and expanding its ability to model human genome complexity, the Laboratory is leading the effort to apply genetics to the world s most challenging human diseases and create a future of individualized medical care.

9 Postdocs rank The Jackson Laboratory among top 10 Best Places to Work Each year the life-sciences magazine The Scientist conducts an international survey to determine which research institutions and universities provide the best experience for postdoctoral associates. For 2008, The Jackson Laboratory was ranked ninth among U.S. research institutions. The study results were published in the March edition of the magazine. More than 2,400 U.S. postdoctoral associates participated in the survey, which measured a wide range of factors, from quality of training, facilities and infrastructure to funding to family and personal life. The postdoctoral associates taking the survey gave particularly high marks to the access to training, travel and research grants that the Laboratory provides, and the helpfulness of the Laboratory staff members who manage the postdoctoral program. Postdoctoral Associate Sophie LaSalle, Ph.D., and her peers benefit from the Laboratory s first-class scientific services and support staff.

10 Dawn Jellison (left), Laura Blanchard and their customer support team came through with a difficult, spur-of-the-moment airlift to safely deliver a shipment of mice snowbound in Wyoming.

11 Research JMS Advancement Education/Courses JAX Mice & Services provides the tools and resources needed by biomedical researchers for progress in the laboratory and in the doctor s office. Biomedical research demands the highest standards of quality control. Discovering better ways to treat and perhaps one day prevent complex diseases demands the ability to process staggering amounts of genetic and environmental data. Effective drug development and testing requires not just proof of concept but the accommodation of genetic variability and its influence in drug efficacy. From the largest selection of scrupulously characterized mouse strains to a growing offering of vital research services, JAX Mice & Services meets the demands with the very best research tools and services combined with the most knowledgeable and responsive support team. FY 2008 highlights Increased focus on enhancing the customer s experience. Offered innovative new mouse model for human blood disease research. Developed new options for creating and protecting novel mouse strains. Continued to provide expanded resources and expertise to facilitate research worldwide. Whatever it takes JAX Mice & Services commitment to the research community Truly neither rain nor sleet nor the gloom of night will prevent JAX Mice from reaching their destination. As the Associated Press reported earlier this year, It took a mighty mouse effort to airlift some 7,000 stranded lab mice to West Coast research labs this week after one of our January West Coast shipments ran into a blizzard in the Rockies. Although travel by road became impossible, quick action by our logistics team and transportation vendors located a climatecontrolled jet. After securing approval from the Transportation Safety Administration, we were able to load directly from our truck onto the jet at a small airfield using our own trained box handlers. Snowbound no more, the mice flew onward to be delivered safely to customers, demonstrating the superb service our logistics team provides, rain or shine. 9

12 Research JMS Advancement Education/Courses JAX Mice & Services vital to 2007 Nobel winners research efforts Nobel Laureates Mario Capecchi, Ph.D., and Oliver Smithies, Ph.D., recently commented on the importance of JAX Mice to their research efforts. Our laboratory is completely dependent on The Jackson Laboratory for our mice. We maintain a barrier facility and your mice are the only mice that ever enter our facility [without needing to be rederived], states Dr. Capecchi. In the words of Dr. Smithies, You guys at JAX have made the mice generated by gene targeting available to the whole world....you should all be proud of your service to science. Those of us who need mice for our research work would be lost without you. 10 Mouse sperm cryopreservation breakthrough reduces costs, increases efficiency Jackson Laboratory scientists have developed a simple, cost-effective process to freeze mouse sperm so that it remains highly viable and can continue to achieve high fertilization rates with eggs. The breakthrough enables researchers worldwide to manage mouse colonies in a new way, greatly reducing husbandry costs and the number of animals used in biomedical research. The ability to freeze mouse sperm reliably also provides a cost-effective way to safeguard unique and valuable mouse models of human disease. The technique consistently yields a six-fold increase over previous mouse sperm freezing techniques, achieved through optimizing the steps in the process and re-engineering the solution in which the sperm is frozen. Toward individualized medicine: JAX Mice & Services poised to better serve its West Coast customers The Jackson Laboratory has thrived in its Bar Harbor, Maine, location for nearly eight decades. Founder C.C. Little knew a good spot when he saw it. The Jackson Laboratory West, located in California, opened its doors several years ago and now supports the West Coast research community with a local supply of many popular JAX Mice strains as well as mouse breeding and in vivo research services. To keep pace with the explosive growth in West Coast biomedical research and to better support progress toward individualized medicine, the Laboratory is opening a much expanded facility in Sacramento, Calif., in This state-of-theart facility will provide ready access to much more of what is currently offered on both coasts and throughout the nation. Not only will this expansion provide increased animal production, it will also significantly expand in vivo service space and enable more extensive in vivo services, including cancer and stem cell research.

13 Mouse developed at the Laboratory is a boon for human blood disease researchers Many potentially fatal human blood infections involve organisms that don t infect mice or other laboratory animals. The solution? A laboratory mouse with human blood. Genetically engineering NSG (NOD scid gamma) mice required breeding a mouse with an immune system that was too weak to reject human tissue and cells, yet robust enough to protect against infection and premature death. This humanized mouse provides insights into living human biology not otherwise possible, said Jackson Laboratory Professor Leonard Shultz, Its low immunity and relatively long life span enable the determination of the long-term efficacy, as well as safety, of different therapies. The NSG mouse, also known as 5557, its stock number, allows for better research into human biology. Dr. Shultz said development of the NSG mouse dates back 25 years. And new humanized mouse strains are in The Jackson Laboratory s pipeline, promising more breakthroughs in the future.

14 Lifetime Achievement Award winners David Baltimore, Ph.D. (left) and Anthony Evnin, Ph.D. (right) with Gala co-host Glenn Close.

15 Research JMS Advancement Education/Courses The Jackson Laboratory began with a revolutionary idea, that cancer has a genetic basis, and a mission to improve human health by finding its cure. Some of the leading philanthropists of the time Ford, Jackson, Rockefeller chose to support the mission, and history has proven the validity of their leap of faith many times over. Our research program and operations have grown tremendously, but our mission, our cause, remains basically the same: to improve human health. It is a cause we approach with passion, and we are developing better ways to communicate our passion to wider audiences. From a new website that provides expanded content to a new feature-based magazine, our new Communications Office is telling the Laboratory s stories in new and compelling ways. FY 2008 highlights Organized a spectacular National Gala in New York City. Formed The National Council volunteer network. Published a new magazine, The Search. Launched an expanded, redesigned website. National Gala brings out the stars Stars of Hollywood, music and science came together at The Jackson Laboratory s spectacular National Gala at New York s Pierre Hotel on September 18, The event, co-hosted by David Shaw, biotechnology entrepreneur and former Jackson Laboratory board chair, and his wife, actress Glenn Close, honored Nobel laureate David Baltimore, Ph.D., and renowned biotechnology investor Anthony B. Evnin, Ph.D., with Lifetime Achievement awards. Guests included seven Nobel laureates, Maine Governor John Baldacci and more than 500 attendees. A performance by music legend James Taylor highlighted the evening s entertainment. Organized by the Laboratory s network of supporters, The National Council, the Gala raised more than $1.3 million to support young investigators at the Laboratory. 13

16 Research JMS Advancement Education/Courses Website improvements offer increased functionality, stronger content I want to learn more about your cancer research. Where do I go to access your genetics databases? I just need to order mice. I m interested in learning more about a course. Many organizations serve diverse constituencies, but visitors to the Laboratory s website have a particularly impressive breadth of needs, interests and goals. And they also have growing expectations for the content, whether it be straight data, video, text or other information. Through research and user surveys, the Laboratory learned what its website visitors want and need, and how to change its former site to meet those demands. The result, seen at is a better website today that is able to meet the demands of the future. 14 The National Council offers supporters new opportunities The Laboratory and its supporters recently formed The National Council. Led by Bill Rudolf, a long-time board member and current National Council president, it has quickly become the Laboratory s most influential group of friends and advocates. With five chapters already established in Maine, Boston, New York, Philadelphia and Naples, Fla., and an active slate of events and activities, The National Council carries the Laboratory s message of hope to an expanding audience. Its goals include educating supporters and the public about human disease and health, and empowering the Laboratory through volunteer service. Joining The National Council, Laboratory President and CEO Rick Woychik says,... offers thoughtful people the opportunity to participate in the biomedical revolution that is shaping our world. Toward individualized medicine: Building support for research Broadcasting the Laboratory s mission and its unique contributions to biomedical research is more important than ever. Progress toward individualized medicine depends on the work we do and the resources we provide, and more and more people want to know what s happening in the effort to treat, cure and someday even prevent human disease. Unfortunately, traditional funding sources for essential basic research have become more difficult to rely upon, and without broader support to reinvigorate traditional sources or develop alternative funding the entire biomedical community faces more challenging times. As one of the world s largest mammalian genetics research institutes, The Jackson Laboratory is committed to teaching and communicating the value of its work and its crucial place in the effort to build a healthier future.

17 Telling our story with The Search Have you ever wondered what compels a scientist to spend 60, 70, even 80 hours a week in a laboratory, toiling to unravel a seemingly arcane pathway or dig out a particular new piece of information? Or how someone with a serious disease is able to turn his or her own challenges into work that benefits countless other patients? The Search, the Laboratory s new magazine, will tell you something about what we do, but it will tell you much more about why we do it and why it matters so much to us. The stories are as numerous and varied as the Laboratory s employees and supporters themselves, and we enjoy sharing them three times a year in The Search. Pictured is Professor Barbara Knowles enjoying the second issue of The Search.

18 The Courses and Conferences program attracts hundreds of attendees to The Jackson Laboratory each year.

19 Research JMS Advancement Education/Courses The Jackson Laboratory s mission includes the commitment to train and educate both current and future scientists. Its educational successes resonate throughout the research community, as thousands of scientists remember the Laboratory s role in enhancing and sometimes even inspiring their careers. Recent efforts have built on existing strengths, with both improvements to established programs and expansion into areas seeing new interest and demand. The renowned Summer Student Program expanded its outreach to exceptionally well-qualified, disadvantaged high school and college students. Two Howard Hughes Medical Institute grants, one for local educational outreach efforts and the other to expand the Courses and Conferences program, were awarded to the Laboratory. FY 2008 highlights Welcomed 31 students in the Summer Student Program, including 12 minority students. Received recognition for outstanding service to science education in Maine. Expanded the workshop program into two new human disease areas: cardiovascular and lung. Launched a highly successful series of off-site colony management courses. Courses and Conferences expands inquiry into cardiovascular function and lung disease The Courses and Conferences program expanded its coverage of relevant human disease areas. Two new workshops, Phenotyping Mouse Models of Human Lung Disease and Comprehensive Approaches to the in vivo Assessment of Cardiovascular Function in Mice, offer participants direct training for improving their cardiovascular function and lung disease research. Characterized by an emphasis on hands-on laboratory time rather than lectures, these and other workshops provide attendees with the opportunity to learn practical procedures and applications from experts in the field. 17

20 Research JMS Advancement Education/Courses Summer Student Program increases minority, overall applications The 2008 Summer Student Program welcomed 31 high school and college students from 16 states. The number of applicants grew to an all-time high of 412, including the largest number of applicants to date from minority and other students from groups that are underrepresented in science and math. Continuing a tradition that has inspired budding scientists for more than 80 years, the students conducted independent, hands-on, hypothesis-driven research under the guidance of Jackson Laboratory scientists. They also took the opportunity to enjoy summer on the coast of Maine, traveling for some breathtaking hiking and rafting adventures and exploring Bar Harbor from Highseas, their seaside residence. 18 Colony Management course hits the road In order to fulfill their mission to improve human health, biomedical researchers need access to the best genetic tools for studying human disease. With the ascendance of the mouse as the preeminent tool for modeling human biology and disease, it has become clear that training in the management of mouse resources is critically important at many levels. The Laboratory s Colony Management: Principles and Practices course teaches everything needed to build and maintain mouse colonies for production and research. Now, this training is available at select institutions around the U.S. In 2008, the course was offered at The Scripps Research Institute in California, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and the Feinberg School of Medicine at Northwestern University in Illinois. These programs provide critical access to expertise previously available only at The Jackson Laboratory. Toward individualized medicine: Applying genetic discovery to predicting work-related disease The Jackson Laboratory is hosting a new meeting in the spring of The Genetic Basis of Work- Related Disease: Science and Policy will bring together scientists, policymakers, ethicists and occupational health professionals to address a new and demanding topic. With the explosion of gene sequencing knowledge and speed, individual genetic information can be used to predict work-related disease risk. But there are important questions involved, particularly concerning the legal and ethical issues that arise. With knowledge comes power, and the more that can be learned about disease and other health susceptibilities and risks which is the promise of individualized medicine the more important it is that the knowledge is used to help rather than ostracize highrisk individuals. Therefore, in addition to assessing risk in workplace environments and highlighting some of the more common exposure hazards, the meeting will seek to address ethics and policy from government, industry and public health perspectives.

21 Jon Geiger wins 2007 Philip Marcoux Award Jon Geiger, Ph.D., director of The Jackson Laboratory s educational programs, received the 2007 Philip Marcoux Award for outstanding service to science education in Maine. Nationally, Dr. Geiger is perhaps most recognized for his leadership of the renowned Summer Student Program. Within Maine, he is known as an advocate for science education at all levels of the state s educational system. His ability to create opportunities for elementary, high school, undergraduate and graduate students in hands-on scientific research has launched many careers. He also successfully seeks grants and develops partnerships with other educational institutions to develop new programs, including the Mastering Science program with the University of Maine that allows science teachers from Maine schools to conduct original research with Jackson Laboratory scientists. Jon Geiger, Ph.D., directs an educational program that has inspired many careers in science.

22 FY 2008 financial summary Statement of Activity Revenue and Expenses (in millions) FY 2008 FY 2007 Operating Revenue Government Support Private Gifts and Grants JAX Mice & Services Other Revenue Subtotal Operating Revenue Operating Expenses Research JAX Mice & Services Training and Education Institutional Support The Jackson Laboratory West Impairment 1.9 Subtotal Operating Expenses Increase in Net Assets From Operating Activities Non-Operating Financial Support (Expense) Construction Grants Contributions for Plant and Endowment Long-Term Investments Return, Net of Amount Utilized (0.3) 11.1 Realized and Unrealized Loss on Interest Rate Swaps (5.9) (0.8) Expenses Related to Curtailment of Post-Retirement Plan (2.8) Other Non-Operating Changes (0.9) Increase (Decrease) in Net Assets From Non-Operating Activities (7.9) 14.4 Increase (Decrease) in Net Assets (6.2)

23 Operating Revenue FY % 56.7% JAX Mice & Services Government Support Private Gifts and Grants 34.2% Other Revenue 5.8% 3.4% Operating Expenses FY % Research JAX Mice & Services Institutional Support Training and Education 37.5% 41.1% 21

24 FY 2008 financial summary Statement of Financial Position FY 2008 FY 2007 Assets Land, Buildings and Equipment (Net) Current Assets Other Assets Funds Held by Bond Trustee 23.7 Endowment Fund Contributions Receivable Total Assets Liabilities and Fund Balances Current Liabilities Bonds Payable, Net Fund Balances Unrestricted Temporarily Restricted Permanently Restricted Total Liabilities and Fund Balances The Jackson Laboratory receives operating revenue from several sources including public sector support in the form of federal grants, private sector support in the form of private foundation grants and philanthropic contributions, and resource revenue in the form of cost and fees collected for JAX Mice & Services. Federal grants are typically awarded competitively for multiple years and cover direct costs and a portion of indirect costs for research and education efforts. State grants are typically restricted to purchasing equipment or supporting efforts to expand research. Other operating revenue includes conference fees, interest income, endowment income dedicated to operating costs, and miscellaneous fees. 2. The Laboratory s operating expense is shown by major program and shared services costs. Direct personnel, facility, scientific services, animal health and other direct costs are shown under the program costs. Indirect costs of services that support all of the programs such as administrative support, Human Resources, Information Technology, Advancement and Fiscal Services are shown as institutional support costs. 3. Non-operating activity includes grants and gifts restricted to construction costs or endowment, earnings on the endowment above the amount stipulated to be used to support research and education each year, and unrealized changes in the value of interest rate hedges, and non-recurring costs. 22

25 (in millions) Operating Revenue Operating Expense 50 0 FY2004 FY2005 FY2006 FY2007 FY Value of the Endowment 80 (in millions) FY2004 FY2005 FY2006 FY2007 FY

26 Donors $1,000,000 Lifetime Contributors Anonymous Weslie R. Janeway Mr. and Mrs. Winthrop Knowlton Daniel R. and Sheryl C. Tishman $500,000 Lifetime Contributors Anonymous Joseph M. Cohen Mr. and Mrs. Edwin T. Johnson Henry F. Sears, M.D., and Sharon Bushnell Sears, M.D. Brian Sherwin Brian F. Wruble National Council Members June 1, 2007-May 31, 2008 The National Council is The Jackson Laboratory s most influential group of friends, supporters and advocates. National Council members are those individuals who give most generously, $1,000 per year or more. The National Council works to expand the reach of The Jackson Laboratory, carrying the message of hope to current and future supporters. Roscoe B. Jackson Society $20, Anonymous (3) Mr. Robert Alvine* Ms. Juanita Blumberg Mr. Joseph M. Cohen* Ross Dworman* Mr. Peter F. Gerrity* Mr. and Mrs. Leon Gorman The Harwood*/Leeson Family Mr. Leo A. Holt* Richard W. and Nancy F. Jackson Mrs. William H. Janeway* Mr. Winthrop Knowlton* and Ms. Maxine Groffsky Kate and Rick* Lannamann Mr. Michael A. Lebel Dr. Mary- Vesta Marston-Scott Mr. and Mrs. Scott Relf Mr.* and Mrs. William M. Rudolf Allene and Paul* Russell Edward* and Marthann Samek David E. Shaw* and Glenn Close S. M. Tilghman* Mr. Brian F. Wruble* and Ms. Kathleen W. Bratton Clarence C. Little Society $10,000-$19,999 Dr. and Mrs. Noubar Afeyan Bob Beck* Reverend and Mrs. Louis H. G. Bier Mr. and Mrs. Earle Borman David* and Susan Cabot John K. Castle Ms. Lizabeth B. Cronenberg Dr. Luke B. Evnin and Ms. Deann K. Wright Mrs. Jeanne Donovan Fisher George J. Gillespie III* Mr.* and Mrs. Richard S. Gurin Mr.* and Mrs. Edwin T. Johnson Ed and Ann Kania Mr. Dwight E. Lee* Mrs. Louis C. Madeira Tom P. Maniatis, Ph.D.* Dr.* and Mrs. Paul M. Rudolf Beth and David Shaw Christine and Brian* Sherwin Dr. Willys K. Silvers 49, 50* Mr. Alok G. Singh Mr. and Mrs. Harlan Stai Mr. and Mrs. Theodore R. Stanley Donald 71* and Antje Stern Mary Sulzer Mr. S. Tucker Taft 69* Mr.* and Mrs. Daniel R. Tishman Tom* and Beth Volpe Mr. and Mrs. William R. Wister, Jr. Benefactors $5,000-$9,999 Mr.* and Mrs. Robert Adelman Mrs. Lydia Barnes Mr. and Mrs. Robert M. Bass Mr. John C. Beck* Richard and Susan Bingham Fund Ms. Catherine Dickey Brown Mr. and Mrs. Walter M. Cabot Mary S. Consalvi* and Dr. Anthony F. Alario Kathleen A. and Randy Corbet Ms. Madeleine G. Corson Mr. J. Taylor Crandall G. Morris Dorrance, Jr. Dr. and Mrs. Ronald Dozoretz Christopher D. Earl, Ph.D.* Jean L. Fourcroy, M.D., Ph.D., M.P.H. Mrs. Ruth M. Gerrity Abigail M. Hirschhorn 82* and Andreas Beroutsos Barbara and Harry P. Kamen Mrs. Christine Kiernan Mrs. Ann Halle Little* Joan* and Fred Mansfield Ms. Elizabeth McMullan* and Mr. Kaveh Haghkerdar Mr. Edward M. Miller Mr. E. Wayne Nordberg* Mr. and Mrs. James W. O Brien Dr. Katherine Pope and Christopher Harte* John T. Potts, Jr., M.D.* Mr. Hamilton Robinson Jr.* Mr. David Rockefeller Mr. N. Alexander Saint-Amand Mr. and Mrs. Winthrop A. Short Peter Skaperdas* Mrs. Ann H. Symington Ms. Pamela M. Thye* Mrs. Penelope S. Wolfe James and Elaine Wolfensohn Janice and Rick * Woychik Mr.* and Mrs. Stephen Younger Patrons $3,000-$4,999 Anonymous (1) Mrs. Cary W. Bok Dr. Bob Holtzman 56 Ms. Judith A. Lese Dr. and Mrs. Leslie C. Norins Mr. and Mrs.* Robert Peck 24

27 Donors Dr. Gabriel Schmergel Mr. Burl Seslar Mr. Stockton Smith Mr. and Mrs. Ralph F. Verni Mr.* and Mrs. Carlo Vittorini Friends $1,000-$2,999 Anonymous (6) Dr. Karen Artzt Patty Bacon* Mr. Robert L. Barbanell Joanne and Paul Bean Cathy Bernstein Dr. Gail W. Berry Robert B. Binswanger, Ph.D. Robert S. Birch Mrs. William M. Blackwell Edward McC. Blair Mr. and Mrs. Mark G. Borden Mr.* and Mrs. Nathaniel R. Bowditch Janet D. Brand Madeleine and Bob Braun Pamela Brown 71 Stuart Brown 57 Margaret Buchanan Mrs. Alan G. Carr Mr. and Mrs. Martin A. Chooljian Cheryl M. Coffin, M.D. 74 and Ralph E. Topham Douglas and Beverly Coleman Mr. and Mrs. Tristram C. Colket Jr. Mrs. Edith LaC. Dabney Bernhoff A. Dahl, M.D. Jean and Sylvia de Valpine Ms. Josephine Detmer Charley and Rogie Dickey Joanne and Dave Downes Mr. and Mrs. Wolcott B. Dunham, Jr. Dr. William L. Elkins 51* Ellen H. Emery Sylvia Erhart Mrs. Albert P. Everts Jr. Georgina Munson Ducey Field Martha and Robert Forrester Mr. Richard L. Foster Benson E. Ginsburg Warren and Linda Goldfarb Dr. Robert 60 and Mrs. Linda Gordon Mr. and Mrs. John H. J. Guth Mr. Leonard M. Harlan Lieutenant Colonel and Mrs. Bartlett Harwood III Dermot and Mary Ellen Healey Mr. William W. Helman IV Charles E. and Jacqueline K. Hewett Karen and Andrew Hirschberg Ken Hollander Mr. and Mrs. Mike Hyde Mr. and Mrs. Neal Jacobs Ms. Paula Jelly Thomas P. Jones Nancy J. Kelley, Esq.* Margaret V. and E. Robert Kinney Allan and Joan Kleinman Mr.* and Mrs. John H. Knowles, Jr. Samantha Knowlton, M.D.* Dr.* and Mrs. Julius R. Krevans Norman W. Lavy, M.D. Mr. Sam R. Little* Wendy H. and Solomon C.W. Luo, M.D. M. Louise Markert 70 Esther Elise M. Mauran Mr.* and Mrs. John C. Maxwell Jr. Dr. and Mrs. S. Allan McAllister Bob and Lois McKown Victor and Anne McKusick Mrs. Phoebe Milliken Mrs. Carolyn H. Montgomery 55, 56 Mrs. Caroline Morong Mr. I. Wistar Morris III Mr. and Mrs. Brian S. O Neil Mr. and Mrs. George D. O Neill Virginia E. Papaioannou 67 Dr. Lee Pearce Ms. Nancy B. Peretsman Mr. and Mrs. Daniel Pierce Laurence A. Pierce Nancy and George Putnam Frances J. and George B. Rathmann Tom 76 and Mariluz Reynolds Patricia B. Rice Roxanne Wruble Rosoman Victoria F. Roth William A. Rubenstein, M.D. 64, 69 Ms. Carol S. Rush Mr.* and Mrs.W. Tom Sawyer, Jr. Elizabeth C. Schermerhorn Valerie E. Scott Mr. and Mrs. J. Richard Shand Irving I. Silverman Mr. and Mrs. Steven D. Singer Dr. Samuel P. Solish and Dr. Jo E. Linder Harvey* and Judy Stephens Mr. Robert D. Stuart Jr. Raymond H. Taylor Mr. Barry D. Teater Mr. Carter Thacher Ms. Sally A. Thomas Mr. William R. Thomas Rocco P. and Anne Marie Triolo Mr. and Mrs. Hans P. Utsch Drs. Candace and Edward Walworth Mr. Paul Weaver Mr. Caspar Weinberger Jr. Mr. Alexander B. Wheeler Jr. Constance S. White, M.D. Mr. and Mrs. John W. L. White Mr. Mayer Wolf Neil 75 and Beth Yelsey Jane S. Zirnkilton Supporters Up to $999 Anonymous (28) Ms. Martha Abbott Mary Abbott Dr. and Mrs. W. H. Abelmann Dr. 51 and Mrs. Gerald D. Abrams Dr. Barry K. Abramson 81 Mr. Sanjay B. Acharya Mr. Michael H. Adair Mr. Barry G. Adams Mr. and Mrs. Gilbert L. Adams Mr. and Mrs. James R. Adams Judy and John Adelman Dr. Gary R. Agisim 67 Mr. and Mrs. John G. Akin J. Walter and Bertha Allen 25

28 Donors Mr. and Mrs. Edmund N. Alley Mrs. Robert B. Ames Sigmund A. Amitin, M.D. George R. Andrews Ms. Judith Andrews Alice C. Androkites, M.D. 76 Dr. Adriane M. Antler 75 Mr. David Antler James H. Armstrong Sr. 51 Mrs. Marilyn W. Arnold Sandra Belsky Auerbach 74 Ms. Cindy Avery Ms. Annie B. Babcock Al and Shirley Bachner Charlotte Bidwell Bacon 56 Ms. Delores Bailey Margaret M. Baillie Dr. Kamlesh N. Bajpai 70 Mr. Alan L. Baker Mrs. Brenda G. Baker Dr. and Mrs. Frank T. Baker Dr. Robert F. Baker 62 Dr. and Mrs. Ernesto G. Ballesteros LuAnn and Michael Ballesteros Mr. and Mrs. Jean-Marc Bara Mrs. Penny Barbakow S. Kurtz Barkley III Mr. Brian Barlow Herbert W. Barrett Margaret E. Barron Mrs. Charlotte Barry Rolf F. Barth, M.D. 54, 55 Ms. Elizabeth H. Barton Mrs. Edith McBride Bass Mr. Richard Bass Bessie and Anthony Batsides Bruce, Martha and Amber Bauer Mr. and Mrs. Frank Beane Betty and Tony Beardsley Dr.* and Mrs. Alexander G. Bearn Ms. Terri H. Beaty Marcella R. Beaudette Mrs. Patricia L. Beaumier Lesley and Robert Bechtold Mr. and Mrs. Ronald W. Beck Mr. Jason Beckwith Dr. and Mrs. Norman E. Beisaw 53 Ms. Susan Belanger Robert and Teena Bencivenga William E. Benjamin II Mr. and Mrs. Raymond Bentley Dr. Carolyn D. Berdanier Frederick R. Bieber 71 Ralph Bieber Ronda and Carl Bien Reverend William McP. Bigelow Dr. Joseph Y. Bistricer Mrs. Audrey F. Blair Ms. Esther Blais Ms. Susan Blaisdell Margaret and Bruce Blake Mr. and Mrs. Robert Blake Mrs. Alexander Blazevicius Sanford Blitz Mr. Edward Bloom Stuart and Alice Bockman Dr. Luciano Boemi Gil 82 and Deb Boissonneault Mrs. Helen Louise Boling 60 Mr. Charles Bolton Patricia Bolz 54 Dr. Calhoun Bond, Jr. 74 Dean and Mary Booher Florence Borda Dr. David G. Borenstein 71 Fred and Carlene Boyce Mr. and Mrs. John Boyd Markley H. Boyer* and Barbara Millen Boyer Janet and Chris Braga Jane and Frank Bragg Mr. 77 and Mrs. David A. Brancaccio Mary M. Brandes Ms. Julia Brandi Mrs. Agnes C. Brengle Charlene Breton George and Deborah Brett Daniel and Jennifer Bridgers Mr. and Mrs. Nathan Briggs Mr. and Mrs. F. Gorham Brigham, Jr. Charles B. Brill, M.D. 54 Benjamin I. Broder, M.D., Ph.D. 80 Dr. and Mrs. William C. Bromley Mrs. Jennifer Brooker The Lynn and Hayden Brooks family Sarah Brooks and Andres Estrada Mr. and Mrs. Melvin Brose Arthur and Maria Brountas Mr. Arthur Brown Mr. Edward N. Brown Mr. Fletcher Brown Mr. and Mrs. Gary W. Brown Mr. and Mrs. Larry D. Brown Ms. Meredith M. Brown Michael and Stephanie Brown Mrs. Susan Brown Dr. and Mrs. John H. D. Bryan Stephen E. Bryant, M.D. 86 Laura L. T. Bullitt Dr. and Mrs. J. Paul Bullock Jr. Professor Mary Bartlett Bunge 52 Dr. 53 and Mrs. Howard Franklin Bunn Mary and Lou Burdick Donald A. and Jean Ann Burger JoAnne Burger 76 and Michael Caplan Meredith N. Strang Burgess Mr. Bill Burns Dr. and Mrs. Stephen H. Burns Mr. and Mrs. Rhett W. Butler William and Geraldine Butman Ms. Sandra Buxton Mr. and Mrs. Walter Cabot Jr. Laurence and Alice Cahill Pete and Ruth Calas Jim and Cheryl Callnan Mr. and Mrs. James Campbell Ms. Lolita Carfora Ms. Jada S. Carlson Neil R. and Mary Carlson Ronald C. and Marlene C. Carpenter Austin and Charlene Carter Ms. Barbara A. Cassidy Mr. and Mrs. Lawrence Castle Mrs. Zechariah Chafee III Chen K. and Ling C. Chai Ms. Ruth Chapin Ms. Linda F. Chapman Ms. Emma K. Chaput 89 Robert M. Chase Mr. and Mrs. Paul M. Chenderlin David M. Childs, F.A.I.A. 59 Min Cho, Ph.D. 26

29 Donors Katherine Kaufer Christoffel 64 Ms. Nancy Chung Mr. and Mrs. Joseph Cicilioni Cristine Cioffi 70 Ms. Susan C. Clark Wiliam L. Clarke Mrs. Norma Claussen Mr. and Mrs. Buddy L. Cliff Andy and Jennie Cline Mrs. Frances A. Cobino Dr. John F. Coco 75 E. H. Marcelle Coffin Mr. and Mrs. Clarke Coggeshall Mr. and Mrs. Elliot Cohen Ms. Renee F. Cohen Barbara C. Cole H. Jay Cole John T. and Winifred S. Coleman Ms. Jeannette B. Colford Jean L. Collison Mr. and Mrs. David Conklin Sydney Conklin Hugh P. Connell, Esq. Suzanne and Stephen Connolly Debbie Richards Cooper, Ph.D. 76 Ms. Lori Corbani and Mr. Michael Good Mr. Chris E. Corrie Ms. Dot Corson John D. and Gail Corvello Mrs. Sylvia L. Cough Mr. Frank Cowan Jr. Joe B. Cox, Esq. Mrs. Marcelyn M. Cragg Mr. and Mrs. E. Allen Craigo Mr. Jeffrey W. Craigo Mr. and Mrs. Warren D. Craigo Dr. and Mrs. Blane M. Crandall Mrs. Julian Crocker Mr. and Mrs. Robert M. Cross Mrs. Constance Cunningham Garrett Curry and Carla Ganiel Mrs. Caroline Cushman Ms. Kristin A. Custar Mr. Joel L. Cyr Ms. Angelique D. Dab Marjorie and Norman Daggett Richard and Shirley Dalbeck Ms. Michele Daley and Mr. Glenn W. Milligan Emily L. Danforth Mr. and Mrs. William V. Daniel Ms. Samantha Daniels Dr. Peggy Danneman Ms. Beville Darden Mr. Booth Dargis 04 Mr. John R. Dargis and Ms. Jean S. Rappaport Alfred T. Dasi Drs. Karen Davidson and Edward Evantash Mr. Alan C. Davis* Barbara J. Kvedar Davis Joel and Ruth Davis Mr. and Mrs. Robert Davis Muriel T. Davisson 62 Mr. Johan G. De Besche Doug and Debbie De Meester Anne and Lyall Dean Mrs. Vivian A. Dedio Mr. and Mrs. Rudolph Deetjen, Jr. Bill and Marie Demaso Victor H. Denenberg 55 Mrs. Burelean L. Densmore Richard F. Desjardins, M.D. Closey and Whit Dickey Mrs. Elizabeth H. Dickinson Dr. Winifred Dickinson 54 Gilbert and Rosemary DiLeone Mr. Lawrence A. Doble Thomas and Sarah Dodd Mr. and Mrs. Charles W. H. Dodge Mr. Robert E. Doernberg Dr. and Mrs. 45 Arthur Dole Dominic and Dorothea Donio Charles Donnelly and Janet Anker Maria Z. Doolittle Bob and Roberta Douglass Alexandra and William Dove Malcolm and MaryAnn Dow John and Rita Doyle Mr. and Mrs. John E. Drake Mr. William J. Drakos Ms. Jenna J. Dreher Barbara Easterday Mr. and Mrs. John G. Ebert Mary Spangler Eddy 45 Ralph and Deborah Eddy Ms. Elizabeth S. Edwards Jason Ehrlich 94 Dr. Eva Eicher 66 Howard J. Eisen, M.D., and Judith E. Wolf, M.D. Ms. Michelle Eisen Barbara Elmes Dianna and Ben Emory Mr. Paul Emple William T. End Mr. and Mrs. Gordon I. Erikson Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Gordon I. Erikson Sr. Ms. Diana L. Estey Mrs. Marilyn Ettenberg Ken and Mary Evans Mr. William Evarts Ms. Jo Anne Falcone Denise Owen Farleigh 67 Betsey and Hugh Farrington Mr. Frank J. Farrington Jacqueline Fawcett, Ph.D., R.N., F.A.A.N. Bernard and Judith S. Feder Brooks Fenno Glenn and Barbara Ferencz Mr. Thomas Fernald Mr. John Ferraro Jean H. Fickett Wayne and Joan Fickinger Mr. and Mrs. Lawrence E. Finckenor Ms. Ashley Finger Ms. Linda Fink Frances P. Fiorillo, M.D. Don and Diane Fischer Louis Fish and Ita Rahilly Deborah Fisher and Leah Taylor Sydney Fishman Jon and Cynthia Floria Bob and Maggie Flynn Kenneth and Joyce Folsom Dr. and Mrs. William Y. Fong Carol Jean Forrest Mr. John B. Forrest, Jr. Mr. Eugene Forsyth Mr. and Mrs. Donald J. Forte Ken and Jane Fox Dr. 59 and Mrs. Richard R. Fox Drs. Mary Alice and Sam Fox 27

30 Donors Tim and Penny Fox Mr. and Mrs. Richard Foxwell Ruth Fraley Charles J. Francomano Dr. 65 and Mrs. Thomas G. Frazier W. West Frazier Ms. Lisa Freeman Fred Freilicher 55 Mr. Jeffrey C. Friedman Mr. Michael Froman Gabriel P. 56 and Sara L. Frommer John and Mary Jane Fryer Robert G. Fuller Mrs. John R. Furman Mrs. Palma J. Fuson Mr. and Mrs. Donald Gagnon Wendy Gamble and Carl Kuehn Anne and Murray Gartner Mr. Abram B. Garver Mr. Stephen Gatsos Patricia E. Gay, Ph.D. 62 Shirley C. Gegenheimer C.W. ( Fred ) Gehris, M.D. 59 Jon and Peggie Geiger Peter and Susan Geiger Thomas Gelehrter 54 Mary Schroeder Gemmill Mr. and Mrs. Matt Genne Mrs. Joyce Gerber Susan A. Gerbi, Ph.D. Mr. and Mrs. Jordan R. Gershuny Mr. John F. Gibbons Jr. Nicole Gibran 76 Barbara Giddings Mr. and Mrs. Chandler Gifford, Jr. Mrs. Ann Fullan Gilkes Margolia Cohen Gilson 51 Robert J. Glaser, M.D. Ms. Pamela Gleichman and Mr. Karl Norberg Ms. Ruth Fogler Goff Howard and Norah Goldfine Dr. Alan L. Goldin 71 Howard and Sue Goldman Jill Goldthwait Mrs. Melissa Gonzalez Jean S. Good Ms. Irene E. Goodale Dr. William Goodson III Ms. Elizabeth A. Goodspeed Ms. Lori L. Goodwin Anita J. Gordon Mr. Corey F. Gordon Jeffrey and Deborah Gordon Mrs. Elizabeth K. Gorer William and Esther Gorman Mr. and Mrs. Harold Gould Joel H. Graber and Lindsay S. Shopland Dr. Ralph J. 65 and Mrs. Millicent Graff John T. Graham Dr. Douglas Grahn Kenneth B. Graulich, M.D. 66 Mr. Colburn R. Graves and Ms. Laurie J. Lamb Nancy M. Gray Mr. and Mrs. Samuel Greene Mrs. Suzanne D. Greener Jay A. Greenstein, M.D. 67 Mr. Vartan Gregorian Roger L. Greif, M.D. Tom Gridley and Chris Norton Mr. and Mrs. D. Andrew Grimes Mrs. Alice Grindle Kenneth W. Gross Mr. Peter Forsyth Grylls Joseph and Sally Guaraldo Dr. 49 and Mrs. Lloyd Guth Mr. and Mrs. Robert A. Haack Mrs. William K. Hadlock Mr. and Mrs. Myron D. Hager Dr. and Mrs. Richard Hager William and Mary Haggis Denise Hall Mr. and Mrs. James A. Hallberg James E. Hallberg Morton I. and Joan F. Hamburg Samuel M. Hamill, Jr. Dr. Mary Ann T. Handel Mr. and Mrs. Eric Handley Mr. Qi Hang Leslie J. Hann Sr. Ray and Wanda Hansen Diana and Robert S. O. Harding Jack and Jill Harned David J. Harris, M.D. 58, 74 Shepard and Melissa Harris Ed and Susan Hart Mr. and Mrs. John L. Hart Mr. and Mrs. John S. C. Harvey, III Ms. Monika Haseloff Stephen Allan Hass, C.P.A. Betty and Richard Hatch Mr. and Mrs. Rodney P. Hatch Charles and Nancy Hatfield Mr. and Mrs. William E. Haueter Mr. and Mrs. Larry Haut Jennifer Hayden Frederick Heinle Jr., M.D. 67 Dr. Sherman Hendrix and the Reverend Carol Hendrix Ms. Patricia W. Henry Dr. Gail E. Herman Dr. Carol Hermsdorf Gerald Hertz 75 Mr. John G. Hewey Dr. and Mrs. Joseph J. Hiebel Mrs. Allison K. Hill Dave and Muriel Hinkle Ann M. Hirschhorn, M.D. 53* Mrs. Helen B. Hiscoe Jeffrey and Jennifer Furst Hittinger Donald and Martha Hobbs Dr. Raymond Hoche-Mong Kristen and Benjamin Hodgdon Arlene M. Hoffman 53 Jean Hoffman Ms. Virginia L. Hogben and Mr. James Beck Dr. Eric W. Holman 59 Lisa L. Horsch Mrs. Orville Horwitz Mr. Oni P. Houston Mr. and Mrs. Thomas F. Houston Ms. Tammy Hshieh 02 Michael and Caroline Huber Dr. Barbara Sanford Hugus* Jane Goodrich Hurst 42 Janet Kauderer Hutcheson, M.D. 54 Mrs. Elizabeth Hutz Mr. Michael A. Hyman Michaele Imbrogno Dr. Vicki Salonen Isola 77 Gay Lynn and Mel Jackson Mark and Grace Jacobs 28

31 Donors Mr. and Mrs. Peter Jestyrev Arlene and Bob Johnson Betty B. Johnson Steffi and Robert Jones Rob and Kate Jordan Clem Jurgeleit 58 Dr. Bruce Kabakoff 82 Mr. and Mrs. Leonard Kamper Dr. and Mrs. Andrew Kandutsch Dr. Evelyn M. Karson Steven Katona and Susan Lerner Ms. Amelia Kaufman Ms. Patricia Kaufmann Ms. Sovong Keans Kevin and Charlotte Keenan Mr. and Mrs. Howard I. Keisman Drs. David Keller 74 and Julie Meyers Mrs. Sonia Keller Morris C. Kellett Esq. Mr. and Mrs. James M. Kellogg Ellie and Victor Kelmenson Diane E. Kelton 47 Ms. Elizabeth Kendall Ms. Jean J. Kennedy John D. Kenney Jean F. Kenny 51 Mr. Harold W. Kerr Jr. Ms. Susan Kim Mrs. Young Sook Kim John and Priscilla Kimball Dr. Donna A. King 75 Jane Seaver Kirk Ms. Susanna Kise Donald Kitson John R. Kittredge, M.D. 70 Eileen J. Kladivko 71 Adele Kluck Barbara B. Knowles, Ph.D. Ms. Mary Knowles Anne A. Knowlton 69 Katherine Hamilton Kolaida Mr. Matthew Korn and Ms. Cynthia Miller Drs. Ellen and Ernest Kornmehl Mr. Stephen P. Koster and Ms. Laurie Feldman Ms. Martha M. Kotter and Mr. James D. Schoultz Mr. Ronald A. Kovas George Kowallis, M.D. Anne M. Kozak Rhoda Krasner Mr. Peter J. Kraut Mr. Robert Kresberg Dr. William L. Krinsky 62 Anthony Kronman and Nancy Greenberg Dr. and Mrs. Jeffrey A. Kugel Mr. and Mrs. Joseph La Casse Mrs. Elsie Lacasse William and Lucy LaCasse Loretta Preo Lajoie Allen and Myrna Lamb Carol Lamb Mr. Fernald Lamesch Tom and Bobbie Lamont Stephen A. Landaw, M.D. Ms. Mae Landesman Robert and Barbara Lannamann Mr. Gregory P. Lanou Dwight M. Lanpher, P.E. Professor and Mrs. Joseph LaPalombara Mr. Paul Lappé Dr. James B. Larsen 58 Ms. Jackie Larson Ms. Angela N. Latigona Mr. Jared R. Latigona Ruth A. Lawrence, M.D. 45 Mrs. Kathleen L. Lazar Denis Dumas LeBlanc 74 Ms. Claire Ledig Ms. Bain Severn Lee Ms. Janet D. Lee Edgar and Elisabeth Lehman Mr. David J. Leibman Carol Leininger 70 Ms. Mary Panta Lena Norman H. Levey 65 Mr. David B. Levine and Ms. Judith H. Katz Joel V. Levy, M.D. 53 Selma Levy Robert and Katherine Lien Mr. and Mrs. Andrew Limeri Ms. Jill Linker James E. and Anna M. Linley Dr. Jason B. Lipkind 53 Leila Lituchy Leo X. Liu, M.D.* Mr. Orges G. Llupa Mr. and Mrs. Bruce Lockwood Leo and Emily Loiselle Ms. Louise Lopez Blyth and Charlie Lord Janet M. Loring 53 Ms. Susan Loring J. Dawn Lowry C. W. and D. Lubahn Dr. and Mrs. Lewis N. Lukens Mr. and Mrs. Peter Lunder Ms. Kathy Lundin Ms. Marylen Lundin Dr. Mary F. Lyon Mrs. Louis O. Maas Dr. John Macauley Mrs. Megan Macauley Jane C. MacElree James MacLeod Mr. Lance Macmaster Crawford C. Madeira, Jr. Rose Mage 54 Mr. and Mrs. Joseph J. Maggi Erney Maher 55 Irving A. Malatzky E. M. Manganaro Ms. Chanreunn Mann Mr. J. Robert Mann Jr. Ms. Barbara B. Manning Margaret C. Manter Dr. Frank Margolis George and Eileen Marinakis Barbara A. Marroccoli, M.D. 77 Mr. and Mrs. Larry J. Marshall Dr. Mary Lee Martens Fred and Sheila Martin Larry F. Martin 71 Paul and Mary Jo Martin Jan and Bob Marville Jennie E. Master Dale 55 and Janice Matheson James and Dorothy May Mrs. Sharon Maybrook Mr. Worthington Mayo-Smith Ms. Marilyn M. Mays Mrs. Anne Mazlish 29