Dr MARY E PENNINGTON

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1 Dr MARY E PENNINGTON First female member of ASRE

2 (Mini-biography from The Comfort Makers, Brian Roberts, ASHRAE, 2000) (From Heat & Cold: Mastering the Great Indoors, Barry Donaldson & Bernard Nagengast, ASHRAE, 1994)

3 (From ASHRAE Journal, June 1994)

4 Dr Mary Pennington in the 1930 s

5 MARY E. PENNINGTON Mary Engle Pennington was born October 8, 1872, and at an early age moved to Philadelphia. She was admitted to the University of Pennsylvania in 1890 and earned her PhD in 1895 under Edgar Smith. Pennington s post-graduate work led her to the field of bacteriological chemistry and ultimately to refrigeration engineering. Current confidence in safe handling, storage, and transportation of foods is due in a large part to her work. In 1898 she accepted a position as Director of the Clinical Laboratory at the Women s Medical College of Pennsylvania. During this time she also worked as a bacteriologist with the Philadelphia Bureau of Health. She not only carried out scientific studies on the relationship between handling conditions and bacterial levels in milk products, she also used her work to persuade farmers to agree to new procedures that would keep milk products safe for the consumer. In 1905, Pennington began her long association with the US Department of Agriculture as a bacteriological chemist. Her exceptional performance led her to become Chief of the food research laboratory. She was a member of ASRE from , and elected Fellow in She was awarded the Notable Service Medal from President Hoover in 1919, the Garvan medal in 1940, and in 2002 she was inducted into the National Women s Hall of Fame. During her long career she published more than 30 papers and one book. Mary Pennington died in She was inducted into the ASHRAE Hall of Fame in (Edited extract from ASHRAE Hall of Fame Citation)

ANGIER MARCH PERKINS 1799-1881 A detailed biography is available under Victorian Heating Engineers on this web

6 ANGIER MARCH PERKINS A detailed biography is available under Victorian Heating Engineers on this web site No portrait has so far been discovered (Mini-biography from The Comfort Makers, Brian Roberts, ASHRAE, 2000)

7 A M Perkins Patent Hot Water Apparatus, Pedestals and Coils (From his book Patent Apparatus for Warming and Ventilating Buildings, 1840)

8 (Text extract from Building Services Engineering, Neville S Billington & Brian M Roberts, 1982)

9 Perkins Patent Hot Water Apparatus (1840)

10 Section through Perkins Apparatus (1840)

11 (Text extract from Heat & Cold: Mastering the Great Indoors, Barry Donaldson & Bernard Nagengast, ASHRAE, 1994)

12 Perkins Furnace, Royal High School, Edinburgh, c.1900 Photographed in 1975 (CIBSE Heritage Group Collection)

13 Furnace and system (Black & white drawings are from A Popular Treatise on the Warming and Ventilation of Buildings, C J Richardson, 1856 edition)

14 Enlarged view of the Bird Room at the British Museum, London, 1835

15 Mr Cadell s premises in Edinburgh, 1834

16 The Patent Office in Lincoln s Inn Fields, London, c.1836

17 Layout of a Perkins system

18 The Office of Sir Robert Smirke (Architect to the Bank of England), London

19 The Atlas Insurance Office in Cheapside, London (Furnace details)

20 A Vinery and Forcing House

21 A Vinery and Forcing House

22 Strathfieldsaye House, for the Duke of Wellington, 1833

23 The Architectural Conservatory at Kew, c.1836

JACOB PERKINS 1766-1849 Jacob Perkins, here described as a

vapour-compression refrigerating machine A detailed

24 JACOB PERKINS Jacob Perkins, here described as a Civil Engineer (Mechanics Magazine) Inventor of the first vapour-compression refrigerating machine A detailed biography is available under Victorian Heating Engineers on this web site

25 (Mini-biography from The Comfort Makers, Brian Roberts, ASHRAE, 2000) Sketch and summary of his 1834 British Patent

26 Extract from BP No.6662

27 (Top) Patent drawing (Bottom) Labelled version of Fig.30 below

29 Description from The Mechanical Production of Cold, Sir J A Ewing, 1921 (CIBSE Heritage Group Collection) Following pages: Jacob Perkins Obituary from Scientific American

34 Perkins was interred in the family vault at Kensal Green Cemetery, London

GEORGE FRICK

GEORGE FRICK 1826-1892 No portrait has so far been discovered The Frick Factory, Waynesboro, PA in 1914 (From What the Refrigerating Machine Companies Have Contributed, Refrigerating Engineering, December