Module VII Workbook Coach s Version NAILD LS I. Linear Fluorescent Sources

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1 Module VII Workbook Coach s Version NAILD LS I Linear Fluorescent Sources Chapter 1 Bucket of Lamps Chapter 2 How Fluorescent Sources Work Chapter 3 Ballasts: Instant, Rapid and Programmed Start Copyright NAILD. All Rights Reserved. Lighting Specialist I - Certificate Program Page 1

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3 Chapter 1 Bucket of Lamps The following list contains suggestions for the lamps you could use in this look up exercise. Using your preferred lamp catalog, research these 5 lamps and fill in the table below: Linear Fluorescent: F32T8/RE830 Energy Saver 25w F28T5/RE841 F54T5/RE850/HO F96T12/RE841 F96T12/RE850/HO If available add a 4 T8 LED Feel free to adjust the list of lamps as you feel appropriate to your business. This exercise focuses on helping you learn how to read the lamp catalog. Further, it seeks to demonstrate how each lamp type provides slightly different information in the catalog descriptions. Finally, you will see that each of the major manufacturers has a slightly different way of organizing the information in their catalog. Should you use more than one manufacturer for some these lamp families, Just note it. Remember, you are building your Reference Library, so be sure to personalize in every way possible. Calculate the Lumen Maintenance Factor (Mean or Design Lumens/Initial Lumens) Watts CCT Length Base Initial Lumen s Mean Lumen s Lume n Maint. Factor Rate d Avg. Life F32T8/RE830- Bipin 32 30K 4 25W K 85 F28T5/RE K 4 Bipin K 85 F54T5/RE850/HO 54 50K Nom. Mini 4 Bi K 82 F96T8/RE841/ES 60 41K 8 Sing K 85 F968/RE850/HO K 8 DRC K 82 4 T8 LED -4K 16 40K 4 Bi- Pin 1600 N.A. L70 50K 82 Have your Coach check your work with you. CRI Lighting Specialist I - Certificate Program Page 3

4 This is a simple Catalog exercise. Use whatever lamp catalog your candidate is familiar wit Lighting Specialist I - Certificate Program Page 4

5 Linear Fluorescent Exercise 2 Now that you have completed the Bucket of Lamps exercise completed, let s see what we can discover from what you learned in the lamp catalog about each of these lamps. 1. All of the linear fluorescent lamp codes begin with the same letter: F 2. The number following this lamp family designation can be two different things: 1. For bi-pin fluorescent lamps, this number is the lamp s nominal _Watts 2. For single pin and double recessed contact base lamps, this number is the Length of the lamp in Inches. 3. The Rated Average Life based on ANSI standards is _3 hours per start. 12 hours per start is an industry developed standard based on typical operating hours for fluorescent lamps. 4. Figuring out how much light output remains when a lamp reaches 40% of its Rated Average Life is called Lamp Lumen Depreciation (LLD). This % is found by dividing Mean or Design Lumens by Initial Lumens, for example: (Note the difference in lumen maintenance for the two phosphor types.) F32T8/RE841: 2800 Mean Lumens / 2950 Initial Lumens = 95 % (Rare Earth Phosphors) (Look at the chart you developed and calculate the LLD for each linear source. What do you discover from this exercise?) 5. The lamp s Color Temperature, or CCT (Correlated Color Temperature) could be: 2700K, 3000 K, 3500K, 4100K, 5000K, 6500K, or even 7500K. 6. The quality of the phosphors helps determine the CRI of the fluorescent lamp. The CRI of lamps can range from the mid 50 s to the high 90 s. A halo phosphor lamp, like Cool White, has a CRI of Rare Earth (the RE designation in the ANSI lamp code), otherwise known as trichromatic phosphor lamps have a designation for both the CRI and the CCT. For example, the CRI for an F32T8/741 would be The CRI for an F32T8/841 would be The CRI for an F32T8/950 lamp would be So now you know that the first of those three numbers tells you the class of the lamp s CRI_, and the remaining two numbers tell you the lamp s Color Temperature (CCT). Lighting Specialist I - Certificate Program Page 5

6 Key Takeaways: Differentiate the meaning of the number following F, for bi-pin, mini bi-pin, and all other fluorescent lamp types. (e.g. F32T8/841 vs. F48T12/CW/ES) Develop a question, like: Why the CRI of the lamps designated 7xx or 8xx is always at least 75, why? Identify where the Footnotes are located in the catalog and look up at least five Footnotes for linear fluorescent lamps. Make notes below for what you learned. Remember this is not a course to take and put on shelf, this is a resource that you will continue to build on long after the course is completed. The Footnotes I Found, and What I learned: 1. Footnote # Page # Lamp Family What I learned: 2. Footnote # Page # Lamp Family What I learned: 3. Footnote # Page # Lamp Family What I learned: 4. Footnote # Page # Lamp Family What I learned: 5. Footnote # _16_ Page # _160 Lamp Family _T8 Linear Energy Saver_ What I learned: The lamp is rated at 36K hours at 3 hours per start, 42K hours at 12 hours per start. But the footnote says that when operated on an Instant Start ballast the hour rating drops to 24K We filled in #5 to provide you with an example of what a correct answer should look like. Make sure your candidate provides a similar response. The key is what they learned. Lighting Specialist I - Certificate Program Page 6

7 Chapter 2 Fluorescent Lamp Operation Exercise 3, Personalize Your Understanding After you have completed Chapter 2 How a Fluorescent Lamp Operates, take a few moments and put what you learned into your own words. Step 1: White down what you remember about how a fluorescent lamp creates light, including what is involved in how it eventually fails. This can be verbal. You can draw pictures. Feel free to use color pens, or crayons. Just have fun with it. This can be drawings, sketches digital pictures, pictures of the parts and pieces, the lamp, the ballast, drawings of the emitter, the cathode/electrode, the arc stream etc. Step 2: With your teammate, in person, or over the phone, tell each other how a fluorescent lamp operates Encourage your candidate to do something interesting, something unique. The basic elements Current is applied to the lamp A small amount of emitter is given off and acts as a starting aid The arc stream forms, vaporizing the liquid mercury The mercury goes to a higher energy state As it passes toward the bulb wall it slows down and gives off UV wavelength The UV hits the phosphors on the bulb wall causing them to fluoresce and give off visible light Step 3: Review Chapter 2 in the on-line module Extra credit: Perhaps you can make this presentation at a lunch and learn, or as one rather unusual individual did, you might create a human fluorescent lamp The slides tell and show how a fluorescent lamp works, using animations. Make sure you candidate fills in this section and then, without the aid of the notes, can explain how a fluorescent lamp creates light verbally. Lighting Specialist I - Certificate Program Page 7

8 Chapter 2: Exercise #4 Comparing the effect of temperature on fluorescent and LED systems Lighting Specialist I - Certificate Program Page 8

9 Based on the above two graphics explain how LEDs and Fluorescent lamps have a similar reaction to temperature: This can be as simple as: both the LED and the Fluorescent lamps lose light output at higher temperature. It can be more specific, and speak about when temperature becomes an issue. Based on the above two graphics explain how LEDs and Fluorescent lamps have a different reaction to temperature: This can be as simple as: the LED does well in the cold, and may even gain light output, whilethe Fluorescent lamps lose light output at cooler temperatures. It can be more specific, and speak about when temperature becomes an issue. Lighting Specialist I - Certificate Program Page 9

10 Chapter 3 Exercise #5: Compare the difference between Ballasts Factor and Power Factor 1. Ballast Factor: (What does it do and provide an example of how ballast factor affects the light output of a T8 lamp when compared to its light output in the laboratory under controlled test conditions. Ballast Factor is a multiplier In the Lab, they use a ballast factor of 1.0 and the lamp is operated at its rated wattage (e.g. F32T8 is operated at 32 watts) A commercial ballast make the light level tunable. o.77 Ballast Factor is 77% of what the lamp produced in the laboratory o While 1.28 Ballast Factor is 118% of what the lamp produced in the laboratory. o BTW almost all fluorescent lamps can operate to 1.20 Ballast Factor without damaging the lamp. Some lamp manufacturers allow their lamps to operate at 1.40 Ballast Fact0r without damage. 2. Power Factor: What is it? What does it do? Why does it matter when putting a retrofit job together? Give an example of yhow a High Power Factor differs from Normal Power Factor. Power factor is the measure of the ability of a device to convert Volts and Amps into Watts or Power. This is usually done with a capacitor. It matters because the more efficiently the ballast or driver converts Volts and Amps into Watts or Power, the less current (amps) required and the more lamps you can put on a circuit.. Lighting Specialist I - Certificate Program Page 10

11 Chapter 4: Exercise 6a (Do each problem first, then, check the online solution) Exercise #3a: Comparing a 32W Fluorescent Lamp on a Low Watt ballast versus a T8 LED lamp operating on that same ballast, in a 2x4 parabolic louvered Troffer 3 - F32 lamps 3 T8 LED lamps Low Watt Electronic Ballast Low Watt Electronic Ballast 2600 design/mean lumens 1400 design/mean lumens x 3 lamps x 3 lamps 7,800 lumens 4200 Net lumens x.77 Ballast Factor (BF) 6006 Lumens after BF variance) This number includes the ballast factor & fixture efficiency (there may be some. x.733 Fixture Efficiency (FE) 43.5 System Watts 4402 Lumens after FE Net lumens / 43.5 system Watts = 71 System Watts 96.6 system lumens per watt Net lumens / 71 system Watts = 62 System Lumens per Watt What is the energy savings per fixture? 27.5 What is the difference in light output (lumens) per fixture? -202 Lighting Specialist I - Certificate Program Page 11

12 This is only an example. Use the lamp type you candidate is most familiar with. Make sure to use the system watts, not the lamp watts. System watts are adjusted for the Ballast Factor of the existing ballast. Measure the light output performance. Lighting Specialist I - Certificate Program Page 12

13 Chapter 4: Exercise 6b Exercise #3b: Comparing a 32W Fluorescent Lamp on a Low Watt ballast versus a T8 LED lamp operating on that same ballast, in a 2x4 parabolic louvered Troffer 3 - F32 lamps LED Retrofit Kit Low Watt Electronic Ballast 0-10v or Line Voltage Dimming Driver 2600 design/mean lumens 4100 Emitted lumens x 3 lamps 7800 lumens 4100 Net lumens x.77 Ballast Factor 6006 This number includes fixture efficiency 42 System Watts. x.733 Fixture Efficiency from parabolic louvered more modern 4402 Net lumens Net lumens / 42 system Watts = 71 System Watts 4100 system lumens per watt Net lumens / 71 system Watts = 62 System Lumens per Watt What is the energy savings per fixture? 29 What is the difference in light output (lumens) per fixture? -302 Lighting Specialist I - Certificate Program Page 13

14 What else will be different as a result of this retrofit? The look of the ceiling will change to volumetric from parabolic louver. More modern; less cave-like. Always check the demonstration Lighting Specialist I - Certificate Program Page 14

15 Chapter 4: Exercise 6c Exercise #3c: Comparing a 32W Fluorescent Lamp on a Low Watt ballast versus a T8 LED lamp operating on that same ballast, in a 2x4 parabolic louvered Troffer 3 - F32 lamps LED Luminaire Low Watt Electronic Ballast 0-10v or Line Voltage Dimming Driver 2600 design/mean lumens 4900 Emitted lumens x 3 lamps 7800 lumens 4917 Net lumens x.77 Ballast Factor 6006 This number includes fixture efficiency 42 System Watts. x.733 Fixture Efficiency 4402 Net lumens Net lumens / 42 system Watts = 71 System Watts 4917 system lumens per watt Net lumens / 71 system Watts = 62 System Lumens per Watt What is the energy savings per fixture? 20 What is the difference in light output (lumens) per fixture? +515 Lighting Specialist I - Certificate Program Page 15

16 What else will be different as a result of this retrofit? Go from parabolic louver to volumetric; cave like to bright vertical and horizontal surfaces. Better see-ability. Do a demo. Module VII Transition Fluorescents Sources to LED Learning Objective: Verified 1. Understand and discuss the similarities and differences between LED and fluorescent systems re: life ratings, CCT, CRI, lumen maintenance & the effects of temperature on operation. 2. Understand and explain the similarities and differences between LED and fluorescent systems re: how each creates light, operates and fails. 3. Understand and discuss the similarities and differences between LED and fluorescent systems re: ballast factor, magnetic ballasts, electronic ballasts, reading a ballast label, ballast catalog, and LED drivers. Workbook Exercises, Activities, and Field Trips: 1. Completed: Exercise #1 - Bucket of Lamps i. The following list contains suggestions for the lamps you could use in this look up exercise. Using your preferred lamp catalog, research these 5 lamps and fill in the table below: 2. Completed: Exercise 2 - What the Catalog Tells You About the Lamps ii. Now that you have completed the Bucket of Lamps exercise, let s see what we can discover from what you learned in the lamp catalog about each of these lamps. 3. Completed: Exercise #3: Footnote Exercise and Key Takeaways iii. What I learned from the Footnotes and other analysis 4. Completed: Exercise #4: Fluorescent Lamp Operation iv. Personalize your understanding of how fluorescents create light Lighting Specialist I - Certificate Program Page 16

17 5. Completed: Exercise #4 Comparing the effect of temperature on fluorescent and LED systems v. Based on the above two graphics explain how LEDs and Fluorescent lamps have a similar reaction to temperature: vi. Based on the above two graphics explain how LEDs and Fluorescent lamps have a different reaction to temperature: 6. Completed: Exercise #6: Compare the difference between Ballasts Factor and Power Factor 7. Completed: Exercise 7a (Do each problem first, then, check the online solution) vii. Exercise #7a: Comparing a 32W Fluorescent Lamp on a Low Watt ballast versus a T8 LED lamp operating on that same ballast, in a 2x4 parabolic louvered Troffer Completed Exercise 7b viii. Exercise #6b: Comparing a 32W Fluorescent Lamp on a Low Watt ballast versus a T8 LED lamp operating on that same ballast, in a 2x4 parabolic louvered Troffer Completed: Exercise 7c ix. Exercise #6c: Comparing a 32W Fluorescent Lamp on a Low Watt ballast versus a T8 LED lamp operating on that same ballast, in a 2x4 parabolic louvered Troffer Comments: Lighting Specialist I - Certificate Program Page 17