A Distributional Check-List of Nebraska Mosquitoes

Transcription

1 University Nebraska - Lcoln DigitalCommons@University Nebraska - Lcoln Entomology Papers from Other Sources Entomology Collections, Miscellaneous 1959 A Distributional Check-List Nebraska Mosquitoes William F. Rapp Jr. Nebraska State Department Health Follow this and additional works at: Rapp, William F. Jr., "A Distributional Check-List Nebraska Mosquitoes" (1959). Entomology Papers from Other Sources Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Entomology Collections, Miscellaneous at DigitalCommons@University Nebraska - Lcoln. It has been accepted for clusion Entomology Papers from Other Sources by an authorized admistrator DigitalCommons@University Nebraska - Lcoln.

2 Journal the Kansas Entomological Society, Vol. 32, No. 3 (Jul., 1959), pp Journal Kansas Entomological Society A DISTRIBUTIONAL CHEK-LIST OF NEBRASKA MOSQUITOES William F. Rapp, Jr. Entomologist Nebraska State Department Health Lcoln 9, Nebraska In 1944, T?te and Gates published the first comprehensive work on the mosquitoes Nebraska. Their was publication based on specimens the collection at the Entomology Department, University Nebraska, and on specimens collected light traps durg the summers 1942 and Sce that time our kwledge Nebraska mosquitoes has creased materially. Durg World War II the United States Public Health Service through its Division Malaria Control War Areas conducted many sur veys around army posts, air fields, and prisoner war camps. In addition the U.S. Army mataed the Seventh Service Command Medical Labora tory at Fort Omaha, and this organization conducted mosquito surveys on military bases Nebraska. Olson and Keegan (1944 a, b) summarized the results the Army's mosquito surveillance program Nebraska. Fol lowg the war, the United States Public Health Service conducted surveys many areas Nebraska, where water resource were development projects proposed, and, durg 1952 and 1953, mataed a field station at Mitchell to study mosquito production areas. irrigated Sce 1952, the Nebraska State Department Health has conducted mosquito surveys paper represents a summary present kwledge the Nebraska mosquito fauna. Zoogeography Nebraska Nebraska's location the center a contental land mass presents many perplexg problems mosquito distribution. Although close to 90 per cent the state lies the grassland biome, there are many different areas ecological The western edge the eastern deciduous forest biome is found along the Missouri River, for a short distance up the Platte River, and the valleys the Blue River, Elkhorn River and Loup River systems. Much the deciduous forest Nebraska represents an ecotone, ten referred to as "oak a parkland," meetg the true deciduous forest the east and the grasslands the west. The eastern west portion, the deciduous forest is composed the tall grass prairie; the central area is kwn as the mixed prairie; and the western part, the short grass prairie. The Sand Hill region is a distct community the short grass prairie region and is distguished by rollg sandhills, numerous lakes, and marshes. In extreme rthwestern Nebraska there is an eastern ex tension the western coniferous forest biome. In the Pe Sioux, Dawes, and Sheridan Counties there are stands areas Ridge ponderosa pe. In May, 1955, the U.S. Department the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service at Billgs, Montana, issued a publication entitled: "Wetlands In ventory Nebraska." In this work they defed "wetlands" as: "Those

3 Vol. 32, No. 3, July, lands which conta too much soil moisture or are flooded too long durg the season growg to permit their tensive use for the production agri cultural crops unless reclaimed by draage, flood control, or other means." These areas represent the natural areas mosquito breedg Nebraska. Approximately 652,000 acres the state are considered to be wetlands. They are classified as 98 per cent fresh water and two per cent sale. The three prcipal wetland areas are (1) The Sand Hills, contag 640,000 acres, (2) The "rawater bass" Clay and Fillmore Counties, approximately 3,000 acres, and the North Platte Irrigation Project contag about 9,500 acres. Thus it can be seen that spite the fact that Nebraska is considered to be a dry land area there are natural areas for mosquito production. NEBRASKA MOSQUITOES Apheles Meigen Apheles (Apheles) barberi Coquillett tree hole breeder is rare Nebraska. It has been taken very small numbers Furnas, Hamilton, Nuckolls, Richardson and Sale Counties. Its distribution Nebraska is limited because its highly specific ecological niche. Apheles (Apheles) earlei Vargas In earlier publications Nebraska specimens this were called A. occidentalis. has been taken at Glen, Sioux Apheles (Apheles) pseudopunctipennis francise anus McCracken has been taken Frankl and Webster Counties. However, further field work may prove that it is widespread the southern part Apheles (Apheles) punctipennis (Say) is widely distributed It is most abundant the Missouri Valley region and decreases numbers toward the western part Apheles (Apheles) quadrimaculatus Say At times, this eastern Nebraska reaches population densities to eugh become a severe biter. However, sce malaria is t endemic Nebraska it does t become a public health problem. Its range Ne braska is limited to the Missouri River valley and to the southern part Apheles (Apheles) wal\eri Theobald has been taken all areas the state very small numbers. Urataenia Lynch Arribalzaga Urataenia sapphira (Osten Sacken) which seldom attacks humans, is distributed very small numbers It is most numerous eastern Nebraska and becomes rare the western part Culiseta Felt Culiseta (Culiseta) impatiens (Walker) widely distributed has been taken three times Nebraska, twice Lancaster County and once Thurston

4 130 Journal Kansas Entomological Society Culiseta (Culiseta) ornata (Williston) is found Nebraska. It is seldom found numbers but at times reaches sufficiently populations that it will attack man (Rapp, 1954). Culiseta (Culiseta) cidens (Thomson) There are two records for this Culiseta (Climacura) melanura (Coquillett) Olson and Keegan (1944a) report specimens collected at Fort Robson, Dawes on County, August 11 and 19,1944. Orthopodomyia Theobald Orthopodomyia sign?fera (Coquillett) tree hole breeder has been taken the Burt, Cass, Dodge, Otoe, and Sale. Mansonia Blanchard followg eastern Mansonia (Coquillettidia) per tur bans (Walker) Two females have been taken, one at Valente and one at Oshkosh. Psowphora Robeau-Desvoidy counties: Psorophora (Psorophora) ciliata (Fabricius) is found small numbers the eastern half Nebraska as far west as Furnas Psorophora (Psorophora) howardii Coquillett Keener (1951) took this along the Republican River Nuckolls Psorophora (Janthosoma) cyanescens (Coquillett) was taken by Keener (1951) the Republican River valley Nuckolls Psorophora (Janthosoma) ferox (Humboldt) has been taken Dawes, Frontier, Furnas, Otoe, and Richardson Counties. Psorophora (Janthosoma) h?rrida (Dyar and Knab) has been taken the counties: followg Nuckolls, and Richardson. Douglas, Frontier, Psorophora (Grabhamia) confnis (Lynch Arrib?lzaga) is widely distributed the state but is most abundant southeastern Nebraska. Psorophora (Grabhamia) discolor Coquillett has been taken rthwestern Nebraska, the Missouri River valley and a few terior counties. Psorophora (Grabhamia) signipennis (Coquillett) is the common Psorophora found Aedes Meigen Aedes (Ochlerotatus) campe s tri s Dyar and Knab has been taken the followg counties: Kimball, Kx, Morrill, Phelps, Sheridan, Thurston, and Valley. the state.

5 Vol. 32, No. 3, July, Aedes (Ochlerotatus) canadensis canadensis Theobald has been taken Lancaster Aedes (Ochlerotatus) dor salis (Meigen) is a common found Aedes (Ochlerotatus) fitchii (Felt and Young) was taken by light trap at Fort Robson, Dawes County, on May 20 and June 24, 1944 (Olson and Keegan, 1944b). Aedes (Ochlerotatus) flavescens (M?ller) has been taken small numbers Aedes (Ochlerotatus) idahoensis (Theobald) early sprg has been taken at Glen, Sioux County (T?te and Gates 1944). Sce it is on the wg April and May it possibly may be more abundant then supposed. Aedes (Ochlerotatus) impiger (Walker) T?te and Gates (1944) took this July and August, 1943, at Scottsbluff. Aedes (Ochlerotatus) nigromaculis (Ludlow) common is widely distributed It is ten an abundant pest especially areas. irrigated Aedes (Ochlerotatus) sollicitans (Walker) brackish water has been reported by Olson and Keegan (1944b) from Lcoln, Lancaster County, July 7, 1933, and Fort Omaha, Douglas County, June 5, July 7, 9, 10, and August 2 and 7, Aedes (Ochlerotatus) spencerii (Theobald) early sprg has been taken the followg counties: Kx, Red Willow, Thurston, and Valley. Aedes (Ochlerotatus) sticticus (Meigen) has been taken many areas the state but is always taken very small numbers. The majority records are from the Missouri valley region (Rapp, 1958). Aedes (Ochlerotatus) Stimulans (Walker) T?te and Gates (1944) report this from Glen, Sioux, Pe Ridge, and Dawes is an early sprg and may be more com mon than the records dicate. Aedes (Ochlerotatus) trivittatus (Coquillett) is a common, widely distributed. It seems to be limited to wooded areas streams along Aedes (Vlay a) triseriatus (Say) tree hole breeder is found small numbers Aedes (Aedimorphus) vexans (Meigen) All studies to date show that this is the most abundant Ne braska and that it is found all parts Aedes (Aedes) cereus Meigen is a rare Nebraska g counties: Morrill, Phelps, Valley havg been taken and Washgton. the follow

6 132 Journal Kansas Entomological Society Culex Lnaeus Culex (Culex) pipiens Lnaeus common is widely distributed The st populations are found the Missouri valley region (Rapp 1958) and dimish toward the western part the state (Edmunds 1958). Culex (Culex) ququefasciatus Say T?te and Gates (1944) report one takg male at Lcoln, Lancaster Culex (Culex) restuans Theobald is widely distributed the state but is never taken numbers. Culex (Culex) salarius Coquillett is a very common found At times it becomes a serious pest man. Culex (Culex) tar salis Coquillett is found all areas The populations become creasgly r toward the western part the state (Rapp, 1955). is the second commonest the state and is the prcipal mosquito public health importance Culex (Melaconion) erraticus (Dyar and Knab) reaches its rthwestern limit Nebraska. It has been taken small numbers the eastern half Culex (Neoculex) territans Walker has been taken small numbers mosquitoes bibliography Nebraska. Bibliography is a list the prcipal papers dealg with the Anymous. 1951?Mosquito Records from the Missouri River Bas States. Survey Section, CDC, Public Health Service, Federal Security Agency, 93 pp. (mimeo.) Anymous. 1951?Mosquito Investigations the Republican River Bas. Missouri Draage Bas Unit. CDC, Public Health Service, Federal Security Agency, 82 pp. (mimeo.) Anymous. 1952?Investigations on Irrigation-Mosquito Problems, Mirage Flats Irriga tion Project, Sheridan County, Nebraska. Mitchell Field Station, CDC, Public Health Service, Federal Security Agency, 11 pp. (mimeo.) Anymous. 1952?Prelimary Investigations Mosquito Breedg Irrigation Seepage Areas the North Platte River Valley, Nebraska. Mitchell Field Station. CDC, Public Health Service, Federal Security Agency, 12 pp. (mimeo.) Anymous. 1953?Irrigation -Mosquito Investigations North Platte, Valley, Nebraska. Mitchell Field Station, CDC, Public Health Service, U.S. Department Health, Education, and Welfare, 101 pp. (mimeo.) Edmunds, Lafe R Notes on the Biology and Seasonal Abundance the Larval Stages Culex tarsalis Coquille? Irrigated Areas Scotts Bluff County, Nebraska. Mosquito News, 15: Edmunds, Lafe R Field Observations on the Habitats and Seasonal Abundance Mosquito Larvae Scotts Bluff County, Nebraska. Mosquito News, 18: Olson, T. A., and H. L. Keegan. 1944a. The Mosquito Collectg Program the Seventh Service Command for J. Econ. Ent., 37: Olson, T. A., and H. L. Keegan. 1944b. New Mosquito Distribution Records from the Seventh Service Command Area. J. Econ. Ent., 37: Rapp, William F. (Jr.) Ctdiseta ornata Attackg Man. Ent. News, 65:96-97.

7 Vol. 32, No. 3, July, Rapp, William F. (Jr.) Culex tarsalis and the Grassland Biome. Proc. Calif. Mosq. Control Assoc., (1955) : Rapp, William F. (Jr.) The Mosquitoes the Missouri Valley Region Nebraska. Mosquito News, 18: T?te, H. D., and W. W. Wirth Notes on Mosquitoes Nebraska. Ent. News, 53: T?te, H. D., and D. B. Gates The Mosquitoes Nebraska. Univ. Neb. Agr. Expm. Sta. Res. Bull., 133:1-27. NEW RECORDS FOR RHINONYSSUS HIMANTOPVS AND NOTES ON OTHER SPECIES OF THE GENUS1 R. W. Strandtmann Department Biology, Texas Techlogical College, Lubbock The genus Rhonyssus has been characterized by Strandtmann (1956) as mites that have a sgle dorsal, peritreme, modified forked seta on palpal tarsus, tritosternum, deuto teeth, anal re duced or lackg, greatly reduced or lackg, and that parasitize water birds. characterization is my opion still quite accurate spite the fact that Fa (1957) recently has added to the genus a, R. apus, recovered from a micropodiform bird. to Accordg Dr. Fa's description and illustration, his Rhonyssus apus has a circular peritreme, an opisthosmal shield, and a strongly developed. Also R. apus has a pair setae on the epigynial. These are lackg Rhonyssus from water birds. These characteristics dicate to us that R. apus is improperly placed the genus Rhonyssus. Proper generic assign ment without a study the types probably should t be attempted, but I would nevertheless like to suggest that the genus Neonyssus, as presently defed, would be the proper place for the. The ne Rhonyssus (excludg R. apus can Fa) be sepa rated to three rather clearly defed groups. A. Body elongated,, anal one ; dorsal which may be complete. Includes: R. caledonicus, R. waterstoni, and R. coniventris. B. Body relatively short, rounded, oval or obovate; well developed dorsal ; present but nearly always considerably eroded; anal pore apical or dorsal, anal ; tar sal claws I promently angulate; three proment setae at apex pedipalp (two at apex tibia, one on tarsus). Includes: R. himantopus, R. mutus, R. afribyx. C. Body rounded or obovate, dorsal well developed or partly eroded; but with an anal ; pedipalps with several heavy, spur-like setae. Includes: R. rholethrum, R. poliocephali, and R. alberti. The may be separated as follows: A. 1. Dorsal strongly eroded, frequently reduced to lets; pedipalps 1 Supported by Research Grant E-616 from the National Institutes Health.