Exe Estuary Inventory of Surveys and Scientific Reports 2010

Transcription

1 Exe Estuary Inventory of Surveys and Scientific Reports Dawlish Town Council Stephanie Clark Exmouth Town Council 1

2 Contents 1. Introduction Understanding the Layout of the Report 4 2. Agriculture & Land Use 5 3. Biodiversity (see also Birds) 7 4. Birds (see also Shellfisheries, Biodiversity and Distribution) Coastal Defences (see also Sediment) Designations Development (see also Coastal Defences) Distribution (see also Birds) Disturbance Studies (see also Environmental Assessments) Eelgrass Environmental Assessments (see also Disturbance Studies) Fisheries: Crab Tiling Fisheries: Fish Fisheries: Shellfisheries (see also Birds) Flora Fungi Habitat Historic Heritage Hydrology Invasive Species Legislation Lower Clyst Project Management (see also Wildfowling) Recreation and Access (see also Development and Management) Sediment Water Framework Directive (see also Management) Water Quality & Pollution Wildfowling Miscellaneous Accessing Reports / Contact Details 85 Stephanie Clark 2

3 1. Introduction The 3,000 hectares of the Exe Estuary encompasses a variety of habitat types, which include mudflats and sandflats, mussel beds, eelgrass beds, salt marsh and intertidal reedbeds. Such diverse habitat types support a rich assortment of wildlife, from microscopic worms to thousands of wintering waterfowl and waders. As a site of such ecological importance, the Exe Estuary has been designated as a Special Protection Area (SPA) under the EC Birds Directive, a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) under the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1986, and a Ramsar Site under the International Convention on Wetlands of International Importance. Furthermore, Dawlish Warren is designated as a Special Area of Conservation (SAC) as well as both a National and Local Nature Reserve, whilst the sandbanks adjacent to Exmouth are classed as a Local Nature Reserve. The Exe Estuary also provides an ideal environment for a variety of human activities such as shellfish cultivation, tourism and a wide range of recreational activities. Management of such activities on the Exe Estuary is essential in order to ensure its sustainable development and use. The designations listed above aim to conserve and enhance the Exe, to ensure that the wildlife is protected for the future. Each designation is covered in the State of the Exe (2006), highlighting features of the site which are of national or international significance. For each feature there are a number of attributes and targets, outlining aims that Natural England would like to achieve for that feature in order to meet conservation objectives. Natural England is responsible for surveying and monitoring to ensure that these attributes are being met, in order to conclude that the site and its features are in favourable condition or conservation status, and reporting the condition of the Exe to the government once every 6 years. The monitoring of these targets are essential as an indicator as to whether the current management of the site is sufficient, to ensure that development and activities are not having a detrimental effect on the Estuary. In order to make effective use of past surveys and data that has been collected, and to be able to look for trends in the condition of the various features, it is important that the data and methods of previous surveys are accessible. This report is an inventory of past surveys and scientific reports relating to the Exe Estuary that are held by partners of the Exe Estuary Management Partnership. It aims to inform decisions as to which surveys to prioritise, which targets have been comprehensively surveyed, and how recently. This should clarify whether a target is being met, saving time and resources from repeated surveys, or whether gaps in survey work exist which need to be filled. Stephanie Clark 3

4 1.2. Understanding the Layout of the Report The details from past surveys and data have been laid out in tables as follows: Title of Survey / Report Date Synopsis Commissioned by / Carried out by Status of Data (e.g. Draft / completed / on-going) Where Data is Held Frequency of Study* Methodology Related Policy (e.g. Water Framework Directive) * Where blank this is presumed to be a one-off report that is not due to be repeated Local Regional In order to indicate whether each individual survey or report is local, regional, national or global, the titles have been highlighted with the corresponding colours: National Global Glossary of abbreviations for survey methodology: DA DB EIA EW LW MD MP OC PC SC SM SS TT WK Data Analysis Desk Based Environmental Impact Assessment Experimental Work Laboratory Work Modelling Mapping Organisation Consultation Public Consultation Scoping Work Sampling Methods Soil Sampling Survey Work Tagging / Tracking Workshops Details on how and where surveys and data can be accessed are included at the end of this report, in section 30. Stephanie Clark 4

5 2. Agriculture & Land Use The Impact of Agricultural Activities on the Health of the Exe Estuary October 2001 Report to assess the health of the Exe Estuary and River Kenn and to investigate the surrounding land use, in order to identify any links between agricultural activities and the health of the river and estuary. Jonathan A Kemp, MSc Thesis, University of Southampton MP/MD/DB EEMP - EXE/T/AG Land Use Classification System for Lyme Bay April 1997 For by Posford Duvivier Consulting Engineers Raw data MP EEMP - EXE/T/AG Exmouth Estuaryside Enhancement Scheme: Feasibility Study Public Consultation November 1995 Exmouth Town Committee Summary Report PC EEMP - EXE/T/AG The Essence of Devon Devon s Landscape July 2004 Devon County Council s Role and Action Programme for the Landscape Devon County Council DB EEMP - EXE/T/AG Stephanie Clark 5

6 The Devon Landscape Draft for Consultation 2001 An appraisal of Devon s landscape at the beginning of the 21 st century. Dartmoor National Park, Exmoor National Park, City of Plymouth, Torbay Council Draft Report DB EEMP - EXE/T/AG Catalogue of Publications, Edition 10 October 1996 Details of publications from the Countryside Commission currently available are in this catalogue. Countryside Commission DB EEMP - EXE/T/AG The South Devon Landscape 1993 A landscape assessment For Countryside Commission by Derek Lovejoy Partnership DB/OC/MP/ EEMP - EXE/T/AG Stephanie Clark 6

7 3. Biodiversity (see also Birds) Lepidoptera recorded at Dawlish Warren between 6 January and 11 October 2008 October 2008 Nomenclature, numbering and classification order follows Bradley, J. D., 2000 Checklist of Lepidoptera recorded from the British Isles. For Natural England by SD Beavan, RJ Heckford Raw data Natural England DWT Exmouth to Chesil (Lyme Bay) survey January 1995 For MBA and Devon Wildlife Trust by A Little, B Cleater, C Munro, D Rostron, F Dipper, J King National Biodiversity Network DWT Dawlish littoral survey January 1995 For MBA and Devon Wildlife Trust by M Burton, R White, S Gilbert, Je Glendin, M Camplin National Biodiversity Network DWT Orcombe littoral survey January 1995 For MBA and Devon Wildlife Trust by Sue King National Biodiversity Network 1994 DWT Exmouth to Burton Bradstock (Lyme Bay) survey 1994 MBA and Devon Wildlife Trust National Biodiversity Network Stephanie Clark 7

8 DWT Exe littoral survey December 1993 For MBA and Devon Wildlife Trust by Sue King, Roger Adams National Biodiversity Network 1990 NRA Exe Estuary littoral survey 1990 MBA National Biodiversity Network Environmental survey and mathematical modelling of the River Exe estuary and Coastal Region: Fieldwork Report. Appendix 6: Biological Sampling May 1988 For South West Water by AG Hooper and PA Driver, WS Atkins Engineering Sciences SM/MD Devon Biodiversity Records Centre Surveys of Harbours, Rias and Estuaries in Southern Britain - Exe estuary. Volume 1 - Report July 1986 For Nature Conservancy Council by IMT Dixon, Oil Pollution Research Unit (OPRU), Field Studies Council (FSC) Devon Biodiversity Records Centre 1985 OPRU HRE Exe Estuary survey August 1985 For MBA by B Bullimore, D Rostron, I Dixon, T Bennett National Biodiversity Network Stephanie Clark 8

9 Invertebrate community structure on, and near, Bull Hill in the Exe estuary 1980 For Devon Association by T Harris, University of Exeter Devon Biodiversity Records Centre The Fauna of Sand and Mud Banks near the Mouth of the Exe Estuary May 1949 As a result of erosion of Dawlish Warren an area of sand has come to lie in close proximity to, and grading into, the original mud-banks. Thus it was possible to study the fauna over a wide range of soils, without the complications which usually occur due to differences in salinity, currents or wave action. NA Holme EEMP - EXE/T/HAB; Devon Biodiversity Records Centre; Journal of the Marine Biological Association Orton Crepidula fornicata in Lyme Bay 1948 The recent extension in the distribution of the American slipper limpet, Crepidula fornicata, into Lyme Bay in the English Channel For MBA by Orton Due for public release in May DASSH The Fauna of the Exe Estuary January 1902 A detailed survey of the marine fauna in the Exe Estuary EJ Allen, RA Todd EEMP - EXE/T/CS Stephanie Clark 9

10 The Foraminifera of the Exe Estuary 1902 Samples of sand were taken, either from the shore immediately above low water of spring tides, or from the bottom in a few inches of water to study the foraminifera of the Exe Estuary. RH Worth Article EEMP - EXE/T/HAB Larger Lepidoptera of Dawlish Warren An amalgamation of records of lepidopterous fauna of Dawlish Warren. Roy McCormick, FRES DB Natural England (Reprinted from the Entomologist s Record and Journal of Variation) 2006 Seasearch East Devon September 2006 For MBA and Seasearch by A Jacobs, A Murray, A Pedrick, C Proctor, C Wood, G Bees, J Lenaerts, J Hepburn, L Lever, M Pratt, M Quickfall, N Booth, P Dodds, R Longfield, S Sharrock, S Dashfield National Biodiversity Network Biodiversity Opportunities within the South West Region February 2005 Identify coastal biodiversity opportunities within the South West region (defined as between Durlston Head, Dorset and Minehead, Somerset) For English Nature by Royal Haskoning WK EEMP - EXE/T/CS/BD Stephanie Clark 10

11 2004 Seasearch surveys in Devon December 2004 For MBA and Seasearch by A Fleet, A Jacobs, A Mayor, A Bugg, A Saunders, A Blocke, B Haddrill, B Bastie, B Jones, B Allan, C Gordon, C Wood, D Santos, G Evans, G Newton, G Black, H Watts, J Pike and others National Biodiversity Network 2004 South coast of England Alien species marina search September 2004 For MBA by F Arenas National Biodiversity Network 1978 Devon and Cornwall shore survey 1978 MBA Due for public release in May DASSH 1998 Current Britain & Ireland volunteer collected Sealife Survey records December 2006 For MBA by Deddington School, Mill Lane School, St Johns Primary, Wallingford, A Parr, A Davies, A Macintyre, B Newman, B Brown, B Seeley, B Knights, B Roberts, B Allen, B Cummings, C Gilroy, C Farrell and others National Biodiversity Network Stephanie Clark 11

12 4. Birds (see also Shellfisheries, Biodiversity and Distribution) Increased vigilance of paired males in sexually-dimorphic species: distinguishing between alternative explanations in wintering Eurasian Wigeon In press M Guillemain, RWG Caldow, KH Hodder, JD Goss-Custard (in press) Journal of Avian Biology Individual-based ecology of coastal birds In press RA Stillman, JD Goss-Custard (in press) Biological Reviews, 84, 24pp Ups & Downs on the Exe Estuary - Bar-Tailed & Black-tailed Godwits April Article for Devon Birds Journal, describing changing fortunes of these two species For DBWPS, analysis and paper written by D Price One-off DA To be published in Devon Birds Journal, Vol 63, No 1, Apr Ups & Downs on the Exe Estuary - Wigeon & Brent Goose August 2008 Article for Devon Birds Journal, describing changing fortunes of these two species For DBWPS, analysis and paper written by D Price One-off DA Devon Birds Journal, Vol 61, No 2, Aug 2008 Individual-based models and the management of shorebird populations 2008 JD Goss-Custard, RA Stillman Natural Resource Modelling, 2, 3-71 Stephanie Clark 12

13 Predicting the effects of local and global environmental change on shorebirds: a case study on the Exe estuary, U.K SEA Le V dit Durell, RA Stillman, S McGrorty, AD West, DJ Price Final article MD/ EEMP; Wader Study Group Bull. 112: Exe Estuary: Bird Distribution Survey November 2006; January 2007 Selected species maps from 19 November 2006 (09:20 11:20) and 20 January 2007 (13:40 14:40). Effectively the period 2 hours either side of low tide. Maps MP Natural England Exe Estuary Bird Distribution Survey Full data set for all species. Nov 2006 Detailed tables and maps of the distribution of all bird species on the Exe, through the tide cycle. Repeat of survey. Summary report provided to observers - further analysis planned. Exe Observers Group, analysis by D Price Draft Periodic - perhaps every yrs D Price; Data for 2006/07 counts provided to BTO (WeBS Low Tide Counts) Intake rates and the functional response in shorebirds (Charadriiformes) eating macro-invertebrates 2006 JD Goss-Custard, AD West, MG Yates, and 31 other authors Biological Review, 81, Stephanie Clark 13

14 A Strategy for Baseline Monitoring of Estuary Special Protection Areas 2005 Methods used to do a baseline survey of the Exe Estuary Special Protection Area, showing how this can result in reduced sampling effort for monitoring of shorebird food supplies. SEA Le V dit Durell, S McGrorty, AD West, RT Clarke, JD Gross- Custard, RA Stillman SM EEMP - EXE/T/CS/BI Sexing Eurasian Oystercatchers Haematopus ostralegus from breast feathers collected when ringing December 2004 Methods used to identify the sex of Eurasian Oystercatchers by analysis of DNA extracted from the quills of breast feathers collected when ringing at Dawlish Warren in November HK Watson, RJ Mogg, JM Bond, SEA Le V dit Durell LW EEMP - EXE/T/CS/BI Exe Estuary Notes on Wader and Wildfowl Data September 2004 Data for various species, showing numbers over the years and their seasonal pattern of distribution, John D Goss-Custard Draft report EEMP - EXE/T/CS/WEBs When enough is not enough: shorebirds and shellfish 2004 JD Goss-Custard, RA Stillman, AD West, RWG Caldow, P Triplet, SEA Le V dit Durell, S McGrorty Proceedings Royal Society B, 271, Stephanie Clark 14

15 Density-dependent mortality in wintering Eurasian Oystercatchers Haematopus ostralegus 2003 SEA Le V dit Durell, JD Goss-Custard, RT Clarke, S McGrorty Ibis, 145, Mussel valve discrimination and strategies used in valve discrimination by oystercatchers Haematopus ostralegus 2002 R Nagarajan, SEA Lea, JD Goss-Custard Functional Ecology, 16, Oystercatchers use colour preference to achieve longer term optimality 2002 R Nagarajan, JD Goss-Custard, SEG Lea Proceedings Royal Society B, 269, Predicting the impacts of disturbance on wintering waders using a behaviour based individuals model 2002 AD West, JD Goss-Custard, RA Stillman, RWG Caldow, SEA Le V dit Durell, S McGrorty Biological Conservation, 106, Re-evaluation of mussel (Mytilus edulis) selection patterns by european oystercatchers (Haematopus ostralegus) 2002 R Nagarajan, SEA Lea, JD Goss-Custard Canadian Journal of Zoology, 80, Stephanie Clark 15

16 Seasonal changes in the response of oystercatchers to human disturbance 2002 RA Stillman, JD Goss-Custard Journal of Avian Biology, 33: Density-dependent starvation in a vertebrate without significant depletion 2001 JD Goss-Custard, AD West, RA Stillman, SEA Le V dit Durell, RWG Caldow, S McGrorty, R Nagarajan Journal of Animal Ecology, 70, Modelling the population consequences of age- and sexrelated differences in winter mortality in the oystercatcher Haematopus ostralegus 2001 SEA Le V dit Durell, JD Goss-Custard, RT Clarke Oikos, 95, Predicting oystercatcher mortality and population size under different regimes of shellfishery management 2001 RA Stillman, JD Goss-Custard, AD West, S McGrorty, RWG Caldow, SEA Le V dit Durell, KJ Norris, IG Johnstone, BJ Ens, J van der Meer, P Triplet Journal of Applied Ecology, 38, Sex, diet and feeding-method related differences in body condition in the Oystercatcher Haematopus ostralegus 2001 SEA Le V dit Durell, JD Goss-Custard, RWG Caldow, HM Malcolm, D Osborn Ibis, 143, Stephanie Clark 16

17 Study of Slavonian Grebes wintering at Dawlish Warren National Nature Reserve, Winter A survey of Slavonian Grebes, carried out around Dawlish Warren National Nature Reserve over the winter of For Natural England, Teignbridge District Council, Dawlish Warren National Nature Reserve by Lee Shields Natural England The effect of weather and density-dependence on oystercatcher Haematopus ostralegus winter mortality 2001 SEA Le V dit Durell, JD Goss-Custard, RA Stillman, RA West Ibis, 143, Density-dependent mortality in oystercatchers Haematopus ostralegus 2000 SEA Le V dit Durell, JD Goss-Custard, RT Clarke, S McGrorty Ibis, 142, Individual variation in intake rate: the relative importance of foraging efficiency and dominance 2000 RA Stillman, RWG Caldow, JD Goss-Custard, MJ Alexander Journal of Animal Ecology, 69, Predicting to novel environments: tests and sensitivity of a behaviour-based population model 2000 RA Stillman, JD Goss-Custard, AD West, SEA Le V dit Durell, RWG Caldow, S McGrorty, RT Clarke Journal of applied Ecology, 37, Stephanie Clark 17

18 Individual variation in the competitive ability of interferenceprone foragers: the relative importance of foraging efficiency and susceptibility to interference 1999 RWG Caldow, JD Goss-Custard, RA Stillman, SEA Le V dit Durell, R Swinfen, T Bregnballe Journal of Animal Ecology, 68, Vigilance during food handling by oystercatchers, Haematopus ostralegus, reduces the chances of losing prey to kleptoparasites 1999 JD Goss-Custard, JT Cayford, SEG Lea Ibis, 141, The changing trade-off between stealing and independent foraging in juvenile oystercatchers, Haematopus ostralegus 1998 JD Goss-Custard, JT Cayford, SEG Lea Animal Behaviour, 55, The Wetland Bird Survey : Wildfowl and Wader Counts For British Trust for Ornithology, The Wildfowl & Wetlands Trust, RSPB, JNCC by P Cranswick, M Pollitt, A Musgrove, B Hughes Natural England Stephanie Clark 18

19 Exe Estuary Bird Distribution Survey September 1997 An overview of the bird distributions on the Exe Estuary over the tidal cycle during the winter period in the years 1991 to It targets nine prime species, and presents maps and tables showing their relative abundance in some 34 sections of the estuary and adjacent marshes. Devon Sea Fisheries Committee; RSPB; English Nature /MP EEMP - EXE/T/CS/BI Exe Estuary Bird Distribution Survey Full data set for all species. September 1997 Detailed tables and maps of the distribution of all bird species on the Exe, through the tide cycle Exe Observers Group, analysis by D Price Draft Periodic. See repeat survey in D Price Exe Estuary Bird Distribution Survey Report. (Species = Dunlin, Oystercatcher, Avocet, Curlew, Bar-tailed Godiwt, Black-tailed Godwit, Brent Goose, Wigeon, Teal) September 1997 Detailed description and maps of the distribution of nine principal species on the Exe, through the tide cycle. For English Nature, RSPB, Devon Sea Fisheries Committee by Exe Observers Group - report produced by D Price Final Report Periodic. See repeat survey in English Nature; RSPB; Devon Sea Fisheries Committee; D Price Exe estuary Bird Distribution Survey: Winters September 1997 For English Nature, RSPB & Devon Sea Fisheries Committee by David Price, Exe Observers Group Devon Biodiversity Records Centre Stephanie Clark 19

20 Dawlish Warren - Bird Distribution Survey - Volume II (Bar-Tailed Godwit & Wigeon) March 1997 Detailed distribution survey at 100m sq level for DWLNR Oct 95-Mar 96 for Bar-tailed Godwit & Wigeon For Teignbridge District Council, fieldwork by Ivan Lakin, analysis and report by D & M Price Final Report One-off Dawlish Warren; D Price Locally stable numbers in the oystercatcher Haematopus ostralegus where carrying capacity has not been reached 1997 JD Goss-Custard, J Ross, S McGrorty, SEA Le V dit Durell, RWG Caldow, AD West Ibis, 140, The spacing of Oystercatchers during the tidal cycle 1997 AL Moody, WA Thompson, B de Bruijn, AI Houston, JD Goss- Custard Journal of Animal Ecology, 66, Dawlish Warren - Bird Distribution Survey - Volume I (Dunlin & Brent Goose) October 1996 Detailed distribution survey at 100m sq level for DWLNR Oct 95-Mar 96 for Dunlin & Brent Goose For Teignbridge District Council, fieldwork by Ivan Lakin, analysis and report by D & M Price Final Report One-off Dawlish Warren; D Price Stephanie Clark 20

21 An empirical optimality model to predict the intake rates of oystercatchers Haematopus ostralegus feeding on mussels Mytilus edulis 1996 JD Goss-Custard, AD West, RWG Caldow, SEA Le V dit Durell, S McGrorty Ardea, 84, Modelling the responses of mussel Mytilus edulis and oystercatcher Haematopus ostralegus populations to environmental change 1996 JD Goss-Custard, R Willows Aquatic predators and their prey. (Eds. S.P.R. Greenstreet & M.L. Tasker), Blackwells Scientific Publications Oystercatcher Haematopus ostralegus sex ratios on the wintering grounds: the case of the Exe estuary 1996 SEA Le V dit Durell, JD Goss-Custard Ardea, 84, Shape of the interference function in a foraging vertebrate 1996 RA Stillman, JD Goss-Custard, RT Clarke, SEA Le V dit Durell Journal of Animal Ecology, 65, Temporal variation in the social rank of adult oystercatchers Haematopus ostralegus 1996 RWG Caldow, JD Goss-Custard Ardea, 84, Stephanie Clark 21

22 The ability of oystercatchers Haematopus ostralegus to compensate for lost feeding time: field studies on individually marked birds 1996 AJ Urfi, JD Goss-Custard, SEA Le V dit Durell Journal of Applied Ecology, 33, The efficiency of juvenile oystercatchers feeding on ragworms Nereis diversicolor 1996 SEA Le V dit Durell, JD Goss-Custard, A Perez-Hurtado Ardea, 84, The Exe estuary Oystercatcher-mussel model 1996 RT Clarke, JD Goss-Custard The Oystercatcher: from individuals to populations, (Ed. J.D. Goss- Custard), pp Oxford University Press, Oxford Zostera exploitation by Brent Geese and Wigeon on the Exe estuary, southern England 1996 AD Fox, Wildfowl and Wetlands Trust Devon Biodiversity Records Centre; BTO, Bird Study, 43, Consequences of habitat loss and change to populations of wintering migratory birds: predicting the local and global effects from studies of individuals 1995 JD Goss-Custard, RWG Caldow, RT Clarke, SEA Le V dit Durell, AJ Urfi, AD West Conservation: the Science and the Action (eds. J. Coulson & N.J. Crockford) Ibis, 137, S56-66 Stephanie Clark 22

23 Deriving population parameters from individual variations in foraging behaviour: I. Empirical game theory distribution model of oystercatchers Haematopus ostralegus feeding on mussels Mytilus edulis 1995 JD Goss-Custard, RWG Caldow, RT Clarke, SEA Le V dit Durell, WJ Sutherland Journal of Animal Ecology, 64, Deriving population parameters from individual variations in foraging behaviour: II. Model tests and population parameters 1995 JD Goss-Custard, RWG Caldow, RT Clarke, AD West Journal of Animal Ecology, 64, Population biology of two species of helminth in Oystercatchers, Haematopus ostralegus 1995 CP Goater, JD Goss-Custard, CR Kennedy Canadian Journal of Zoology, 76, Population consequences of winter habitat loss in a migratory shorebird: I. Estimating model parameters 1995 JD Goss-Custard, RT Clarke, KB Briggs, BJ Ens, K-M Exo, C Smit, AJ Beintema, RWG Caldow, DC Catt, N Clark, SEA Le V dit Durell, MP Harris, JB Hulscher, PL Meininger, N Picozzi, R Prys-Jones, U Safriel, AD West Journal of Applied Ecology, 32, Population consequences of winter habitat loss in a migratory shorebird: II. Model predictions 1995 JD Goss-Custard, RT Clarke, SEA Le V dit Durell, RWG Caldow, BJ Ens Journal of Applied Ecology, 32, Stephanie Clark 23

24 Disturbance and feeding shorebirds on the Exe estuary 1993 JD Goss-Custard, N Verboven Wader Study Group Bulletin, 68, Sex-related differences in diet and feeding method in the oystercatcher Haematopus ostralegus 1993 SEA Le V dit Durell, JD Goss-Custard, RWG Caldow Journal of Animal Ecology, 62, Birds Seen in 1991: Dawlish Warren Local Nature Reserve 1992 A species by species account of the birds seen within Dawlish Warren in 1991 For Teignbridge District Council by Martin Overy Final Natural England Correlates of the density of foraging oystercatchers, Haematopus ostralegus, at different population sizes 1992 JD Goss-Custard, RWG Caldow, RT Clarke Journal of Animal Ecology, 61, Foraging behaviour of oystercatchers Haematopus ostralegus specialising on different species of prey 1992 JS Boates, JD Goss-Custard Canadian Journal of Zoology, 70, Stephanie Clark 24

25 Wetland Bird Survey (WeBS) - Detailed Counts for Local Purposes 1992 Detailed breakdown of monthly counts of all waterbirds on the Exe Estuary, including Clyst Marshes and Exmister Marshes up to Countess Wear. Exe Observers Group - organiser D Price On-going Monthly Detailed data held by D Price Seasonal changes in the size selection of mussels, Mytilus edulis, by oystercatchers, Haematopus ostralegus: an optimality approach 1990 JT Cayford, JD Goss-Custard Animal Behaviour, 40, Foraging behaviour of oystercatchers, Haematopus ostralegus, during a diet switch from worms Nereis diversicolor to clams Scrobicularia plana 1989 JS Boates, JD Goss-Custard Canadian Journal of Zoology, 67, Winter Gull Count Jan 1988 Count of gulls using estuary as an overnight roost. Carried out in 1988, 1993 and annually since Exe Observers Group, analysis by D Price On-going Now annual D Price; BTO (WeBS); Devon Birds Annual Reports Stephanie Clark 25

26 How the foraging behaviour of oystercatchers, Haematopus ostralegus, changes with age 1988 JD Goss-Custard, JT Cayford Proceedings of the Centennial Meeting of the Deutsche Ornithologen-Gesellschaft Individual differences in the foraging and competitive abilities of the European oystercatcher, Haematopus ostralegus, feeding on mussels Mytilus edulis 1988 JD Goss-Custard Acta XIX Congressus Internationalis Ornithologici, The effect of dominance and feeding method on the intake rates of oystercatchers, Haematopus ostralegus, feeding on mussels, Mytilus edulis 1988 JD Goss-Custard, SEA Le V dit Durell Journal of Animal Ecology, 57, Age-related effects in oystercatchers, Haematopus ostralegus, feeding on mussels, Mytilus edulis. 1. Foraging efficiency and interference 1987 JD Goss-Custard, SEA Le V dit Durell Journal of Animal Ecology, 56, Age-related effects in oystercatchers, Haematopus ostralegus, feeding on mussels, Mytilus edulis. 2. Aggression 1987 JD Goss-Custard, SEA Le V dit Durell Journal of Animal Ecology, 56, Stephanie Clark 26

27 Age-related effects in oystercatchers, Haematopus ostralegus, feeding on mussels, Mytilus edulis. 3. The effect of interference on overall intake rate 1987 JD Goss-Custard, SEA Le V dit Durell Journal of Animal Ecology, 56, Field tests of the accuracy of measuring prey size against bill length in oystercatchers, Haematopus ostralegus, eating mussels, Mytilus edulis 1987 JD Goss-Custard, JT Cayford, JS Boates, SEA Le V dit Durell Animal Behaviour, 35, Piping as a display of dominance in wintering oystercatchers, Haematopus ostralegus 1986 BJ Ens, JD Goss-Custard Ibis, 128, Feeding ecology, winter mortality and the population dynamics of oystercatchers, Haematopus ostralegus, on the Exe estuary 1984 JD Goss-Custard, SEA Le V dit Durell Coastal Waders and Wildfowl in Winter. (Ed. by P.R. Evans, J.D. Goss-Custard & W.G. Hale), pp Cambridge, Cambridge University Press Feeding specialisations in oystercatchers, Haematopus ostralegus 1984 JD Goss-Custard, WJ Sutherland Animal Behaviour, 32, Stephanie Clark 27

28 Interference among oystercatchers, Haematopus ostralegus, feeding on mussels, Mytilus edulis, on the Exe estuary 1984 BJ Ens, JD Goss-Custard Journal of Animal Ecology, 53, Prey selection within a size-class of mussels, Mytilus edulis, by oystercatchers, Haematopus ostralegus 1984 SEA Le V dit Durell, JD Goss-Custard Animal Behaviour, 32, Rates of food intake and aggression of oystercatchers, Haematopus ostralegus, on the most and least preferred mussel, Mytilus edulis, beds on the Exe estuary 1984 JD Goss-Custard, RT Clarke, SEA Le V dit Durell Journal of Animal Ecology, 53, Winter mortality of adult oystercatchers on the Exe estuary 1984 JD Goss-Custard, SEA Le V dit Durell Wader Study Group Bulletin, 40, Individual and age differences in the feeding ecology of oystercatchers, Haematopus ostralegus, wintering on the Exe 1983 JD Goss-Custard, SEA Le V dit Durell Ibis, 125, Stephanie Clark 28

29 Age-structure and survival of a wintering population of oystercatchers 1982 JD Goss-Custard, SEA Le V dit Durell, HP Sitters, R Swinfen Bird Study, 29, Individual differences in aggressiveness and food stealing among wintering oystercatchers, Haematopus ostralegus L JD Goss-Custard, SEA Le V dit Durell, BJ Ens Animal Behaviour, 30, Use of mussel, Mytilus edulis beds by oystercatchers Haematopus ostralegus according to age and population size 1982 JD Goss-Custard, SEA Le V dit Durell, S McGrorty, CJ Reading Journal of Animal Ecology, 51, Exe Estuary Wader & Wildfowl Feeding Survey - Pilot Study Jan/Feb 1981 November 1981 Article for Devon Birds Journal, describing results of a pilot distribution survey. David Price & Martin Davies Pilot - see later survey Devon Birds Journal, Vol 34, No 4, Nov 1981 Factors affecting the occupation of mussel (Mytilus edulis) beds by oystercatchers (Haematopus ostralegus) on the Exe estuary, Devon 1981 JD Goss-Custard, SEA Le V dit Durell, S McGrorty, CJ Reading, RT Clarke Feeding and Survival Strategies of Estuarine Organisms. (Ed. by N.V.Jones & W.J. Wolff), pp London, Plenum Press Stephanie Clark 29

30 Mist-nets catch more juvenile oystercatchers than adults 1981 JD Goss-Custard, SEA Le V dit Durell, H Sitters, R Swinfen Wader Study Group Bulletin, 32, 13 Oystercatcher counts at roosts and at feeding grounds 1981 JD Goss-Custard British Birds, 74, Wetland Bird Survey (WeBS), (previously Birds of the Estuaries Enquiry - BoEE) 1970 Monthly counts of all waterbirds on the Exe Estuary, including Clyst Marshes and Exmister Marshes up to Countess Wear. For BTO, WWT, RSPB, JNCC by Exe Observers Group - organiser D Price On-going Monthly Data held by commissioning organisations & by D Price; database maintained by BTO Investigation into the Effectiveness of Two Different Methods of Cleaning Oiled Seabirds 1998 Two methods of cleaning oiled seabirds are investigated to determine if one is significantly better than the other. All experimental and observational work carried out at the South Devon Seabird Trust in Teignmouth between November 1996 and March Paul Bradford, University of Brighton BSc (Hons) project EW EEMP - EXE/T/CS/BI Stephanie Clark 30

31 Devon Birds: The Magazine of the Devon Bird Watching and Preservation Society Vol.49, No.1 August 1996 Includes the waders and wildfowl of Dawlish Warren. AWG John, Ivan Lakin /MP Natural England Estuary Special Protection Areas: Establishing Baseline Targets for Shorebirds March 2001 This report addresses the question of how to monitor the food biomass density and levels of disturbance in an SPA in such a way that one can demonstrate that the quality of the habitat is being maintained at a sufficiently high standard to support the bird populations for which the estuary was designated as an SPA. Centre for Ecology and Hydrology MD EEMP - EXE/T/CS/BI The Reinstatement of the Dark-Bellied Brent Goose as a Quarry Species: Discussion August 1986 This paper outlines the characteristics of the brent goose, problems it causes and attitudes amongst the different parties interested in the development of a case to reintroduce the brent goose onto the quarry list. For The British Association for Shooting and Conservation by John Harradine Discussion paper DB Natural England Stephanie Clark 31

32 5. Coastal Defences (see also Sediment) Exe Estuary Coastal Management Study Technical Findings Report November 2008 To identify the preferred options for a long-term sustainable management strategy for coastal defences at Dawlish Warren and Exmouth seafront, and present the detailed work programme required to implement this management study. East Devon District Council, Environment Agency, Natural England, Teignbridge District Council, Network Rail by Halcrow Group Ltd EEMP - EXE/T/CP/SMP; SDADCAG DB/MD/MP SMP Exe Catchment Flood Management Plan Draft Consultation Report April 2008 The current and future flood risk within the Exe catchment area, identifying future flood risk management policies and actions. Environment Agency Draft report EEMP - EXE/T/CP/CD PC/OC SMP Spits and Flood Risk: The Exe Estuary July 2008 How an appraisal of the flood defence function of this spit, coupled with historical geomorphological analysis, one line modelling and innovative morphodynamic modelling, is assisting in the development of natural coastal and estuarine flood risk management options. Fox, D., Pontee, N.I., Fisher, E., Box, S., Rogers, J.R., Reeve, D.E., Chadwick, A.J. and Sims, P. : Flood & Coastal Management Conference 2008 EEMP - EXE/T/CP/CD MD/DB SMP The Interaction of Flood Risk Management in Catchments, Estuaries and the Coast a case study on the Exe Estuary, UK 2008 Discusses the fluvial and tidal flood risk management interactions between the Exe Coastal Flood Management Plans, the Exe Estuary Coastal Management Study, and the Durlston Head to Rame Head SMP review. Fox, D., Kendon, M. and Rogers, J. : British Hydrological Society Symposium, Exeter, UK, 2008 EEMP - EXE/T/CP/CD MD/DB SMP Stephanie Clark 32

33 Exe Estuary Coastal Management Study Strategic Environmental Assessment Scoping Report August 2007 A long-term sustainable management strategy for the coastal defences along the Dawlish Warren, Exe Estuary and Exmouth seafronts. For East Devon District Council, Teignbridge District Council, Natural England, Environment Agency by Halcrow Group Ltd DB EEMP - EXE/T/CP/CMS Environmental Report for Lympstone Tidal Defence Scheme June 2004 This document has been produced solely for the purpose of the Lympstone Tidal Defence Scheme environmental impact assessment. For Environment Agency by ATKINS SC EEMP - EXE/T/CP/CD Coast Protection at Exmouth Esplanade and Beach Gardens EIA Scoping Study January 2004 For use with proposals for improving the coast defences along the esplanade and beach gardens at Exmouth. For East Devon District Council by Royal Haskoning SC EEMP - EXE/T/CP/CD Environmental Impact Assessment Scoping Report 2004 This document has been prepared to help identify the main environmental issues associated with a number of options currently under consideration for a proposed tidal defence scheme for the village of Lympstone. For Environment Agency by ATKINS EEMP - EXE/T/CP/CD SC/OC SMP Stephanie Clark 33

34 Exmouth and Adjacent Coast and Estuary April 2003 Includes reports on coastal behaviour systems, the Exe Estuary, coastal processes and offshore reports. Chris Pater DB EEMP - EXE/T/CP/CMS Exeter Ship Canal Management Practice Canal Bank Stone Revetment August 1998 JE Nott, River and Canal Manager Final Report DB EEMP - EXE/ST/EC Sea Defences for Dawlish Warren and Teignmouth 1993 National Rivers Authority DB EEMP - EXE/ST/DW Dawlish Warren Rock Revetment Engineer s Report 1991 Proposed works for the reconstruction of a length of approximately 400 metres of existing rock armoured revetment along the railway Warren frontage at the south west end of Dawlish Warren. National Rivers Authority South West Region DB EEMP - EXE/ST/DW Stephanie Clark 34

35 South Devon and Dorset Shoreline Management Plan Scoping Report June 2007 Providing information for the SMP2 consultant to assist in the preparation of the Shoreline Management Plan review. May also be useful in providing background information to members of those organisations involved in preparing and implementing SMP2. South Devon and Dorset Coastal Authorities Group, Teignbridge District Council Draft report /OC/SC/DB EEMP - EXE/T/CP/SMP South Devon and Dorset Shoreline Management Plan (SMP2) Review (Durlston Head to Rame Head) April 2007 For the SMP2 reviews, a behavioural systems approach is taken to look at how and why the coast changes, focusing on understanding the interactions and linkages that exist within a coastal system and then using that knowledge to develop the overall framework. Draft report EEMP - EXE/T/CP/SMP; SDADCAG OC/DB SMP2 Lyme Bay and South Devon Draft Shoreline Management Plan: non-technical summary June 1998 A large-scale report, assessing the risks associated with coastal processes. It aims to help reduce these risks to people, property and the historic and natural environment. In doing so, it is an important part of the Government s strategy for managing flooding and coastal erosion. Lyme Bay and South Devon Coastline Group by Posford Duvivier Draft report DB/OC EEMP - EXE/T/CP/SMP; Dorset Councils Stephanie Clark 35

36 6. Designations Characterisation of European Marine Sites: The Exe Estuary - Special Protection Area April 2003 This review considers the characteristics of the marine areas of the Exe Estuary SPA and how the status of the site is influenced by existing permissions and activities, either alone or in combination, as well as unconsented activities, diffuse sources and natural processes. The purpose is to collate and interpret information relevant to the assessment of water quality impacts and risks to the marine component of the SPA, to ensure that EA and EN are fully informed when making decisions in relation to the scope of appropriate assessment. For Environment Agency and English Nature by Plymouth Marine Science Partnership DB EEMP - EXE/T/CS/DES Stephanie Clark 36

37 7. Development (see also Coastal Defences) The Exe Estuary The Facts January 2009 A document containing independently verifiable information related to the superstore development on the Exe Estuary site. Exmouth Citizens Forum PC EEMP - EXE/T/CP/SMP Perceptions of Pontoon Development on the Exe Estuary December 2004 The opinions and attitudes of pontoon development on the Exe Estuary, from Exmouth to Topsham and from Turf Locks to Dawlish Warren. Joanna Hallett, Bournemouth University University report PC/DB/OC EEMP - EXE/T/ CO Draft Waterspace Strategy - Exeter Canal Basin March 2004 This document seeks to set out how the waterspace in and around the Basin will be integrated with the proposed regeneration of this area. Exeter City Council Draft report PC/DB EEMP - EXE/ST/EC Improved Waterborne Access, Boat Maintenance and Waste Reception Facilities Exmouth Marina, Camperdown Depot and Topsham Quay Consultation Report March 2000 To outline proposals to improve waterborne access and provision of facilities in the northern and southern parts of the Exe Estuary. : Commerce and Water Quality Focus Group OC EEMP - EXE/T/CO Stephanie Clark 37

38 8. Distribution (see also Birds) European Styela clava distribution 2005 MBA Due for public release in May DASSH Distribution of Bird and Marine Life in the Exe Estuary and the Factors Affecting that Distribution July 1992 This report presents information on the distribution, movements, changes in distribution and species number of birds for which the estuary is of regional, national or international importance. It also covers marine communities and rare species distribution, and the conservation significance of these. How existing or likely future commercial and recreational activities may affect bird and marine life, and makes recommendations on how such conflicts may be resolved. For Natural England by Eclogue Environmental Consultancy (Michel Hughes) One-Off DB//PC/MP EEMP - EXE/T/HAB; Natural England; Devon Biodiversity Records Centre (and D Price) Exe estuary: Distribution of bird & marine life in the Exe estuary and the factors affecting that distribution July 1992 Assessment for management plan For English Nature by Michel Hughes, Eclogue Devon Biodiversity Records Centre Management Plan The occurrence of Ophelia bicornis (Polychaeta) in and near the estuary of the River Exe, Devon 1991 The irregular and patchy distribution of the population of Ophelia bicornis is described and reviewed in relation to other recorded occurrences of the polychaete. For T Harris, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Exeter EEMP - EXE/T/HAB; Devon Biodiversity Records Centre; Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom (1991), 71, Stephanie Clark 38

39 9. Disturbance Studies (see also Environmental Assessments and Birds) Exe Estuary Disturbance Study The disturbance impacts of water based recreation on the internationally important populations of wintering waterbirds on the Exe Estuary and management recommendations to effectively manage this. For by Footprint Ecology Ongoing study /MP EEMP website National Cycle Network Exe Estuary Cycleway: Monitoring the effects of the Exmouth-Lympstone section on the shorebirds of the Exe Estuary Special Protection Area 2008 JD Goss-Custard Report to Devon County Council. (41 pp) National Cycle Network: Exe Estuary Proposals Assessment of the Anticipated Effects on the Exe Estuary Special Protection Area May 2004 An assessment of the anticipated effects of the proposed National Cycle Network on the Exe Estuary Special Protection Area (SPA) and Ramsar site. For Devon County Council by JD Goss-Custard Draft report DB Natural England National Cycle Network Exe Estuary Proposals: Assessment of the Anticipated Effects on the Exe Estuary Special Protection Area 2004 JD Goss-Custard Report to Devon County Council. (150 pp) Stephanie Clark 39

40 Report on the disturbance study at Powderham Rail Crossing 2003 JD Goss-Custard Report to Devon County Council. (17 pp) Dawlish Warren Nature Reserve Report on Water Users Code 2002 Assessing the effectiveness of the implementation of the code, which aims to reduce disturbance to the bird life of Dawlish Warren National Nature Reserve that arise from water based activities on and around its shores. Teignbridge District Council and summary of data PC EEMP - EXE/ST/DW Exe estuary Bird & Marine life July 1995 Benthic flora and fauna - survey and dredging impact assessment For Exeter City Council by C Munro and M Camplin, Devon Wildlife Enterprises Devon Biodiversity Records Centre Stephanie Clark 40

41 10. Eelgrass English Nature Report on the current distribution of Zostera sp. within the Exe Estuary SPA/SSSI November 2002 This report summarises the current distribution of Zostera species based on data collected in 2000 and 2001 with summary of the historical distribution of Zostera within the estuary. The need for more ground truthing on the east side of the estuary between Exmouth and Lympstone has been identified as well as the need for future re-mapping of distribution. For Natural England by Laura Heape DB Natural England; Devon Biodiversity Records Centre; EEMP - EXE/T/EG Exe Estuary Eelgrass Project historical information summary: A report for the Exe Estuary Partnership May 2002 This report follows on from the work of the Exe Estuary Conservation Focus Group, looking at the historical distribution of eelgrass (Zostera species) within the estuary. For Exe Estuary Partnership by Jenny Glanville, Devon Biodiversity Records Centre DB Devon Biodiversity Records Centre; Natural England; EEMP - EXE/T/EG The Conservation and Restoration of Eelgrass Beds on the Exe Estuary: Draft April 2000 This report provides a description of eelgrass, an indication of distribution and importance, the repercussions of loss, details on the factors that influence beds and options for conservation and restoration. The report also provides a number of recommendations, together with an outline of the next stage of work required. Report to the Conservation Focus Group, Exe Estuary Management Partnership Draft report DB Devon Biodiversity Records Centre; Natural England; EEMP - EXE/T/EG Stephanie Clark 41

42 Inventory of Eelgrass Beds in Devon and Dorset October 2004 The principle aim of this report is to provide a baseline of knowledge on the current location and state of the Zostera (eelgrass) beds, in Devon and Dorset, using existing studies, reports and survey data, in order to assist with the future survey, research and monitoring of Zostera species. Natural England, Environment Agency, Devon Biodiversity Records Centre, Dorset Environmental Records Centre DB/MP EEMP - EXE/T/EG Zostera Biotopes: An Overview of Dynamics and Sensitivity Characteristics for Conservation Management of Marine SACs August 1998 The objective of this report is to summarise and review the available information on these species in their capacity as a functional biotope or community, addressing both shared and distinct features of these three species. The review focuses on the fundamental environmental and biological attributes of the Zostera biotope, its sensitivity to natural and human-induced change, and options for monitoring such changes that are relevant to the management of marine SACs. For the UK Marine SACs Project by Scottish Association for Marine Science (SAMS) DB EEMP - EXE/T/EG Comparison of a current eelgrass disease to the wasting disease in the 1930s 1988 FT Short, BW Ibelings and C Den Hartog, University of New Hampshire and Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology Devon Biodiversity Records Centre; Aquatic Botany, 30 (1988) Stephanie Clark 42

43 11. Environmental Assessments (see also Disturbance Studies) Ecological Assessment Survey at Dawlish Warren SSSI for Dawlish Warren P SA Project January Establishes the current condition of the SSSI unit by undertaking an ecological and geomorphological assessment of Unit 4 on Dawlish Warren. Provides data and rational for each condition assessment attribute taken from the Common Standards Monitoring guidance for sand dune habitats to enable NE/EA to agree a conclusion on condition. Makes recommendations for site management. For Environment Agency by Dr J P Doody /MP Natural England Planning Application. Exe Estuary National Cycle Network No.2: Turf Lock to Powderham Church. Volume 1 & 2 October 2008 Town and County Planning General Regulations 1992 Regulation 3: Teignbridge District Council Town and County Planning (Environmental Impact Assessment) (England and Wales) Regulations 1992 Construction of a cycle / walkway as part of the Exe Estuary National Cycle Network No.2, on land between Turf Lock Hotel and Church Road, Powderham adjacent to St Clements Church, running directly along the low-lying agricultural land to the landward side of the existing flood bund (Powderham Bank). Devon County Council (planning application, accompanying environmental statement and supporting plans) EIA Natural England Aylesbeare to Kenn Pipeline. Exe Estuary Crossing: Environmental Review of Tunnel Option March 2006 This document has been prepared to provide Natural England with the information required to form an opinion as to whether the proposed works would likely to have a significant effect on the designated site. For Natural England by Laing O Rourke on behalf of National Grid DB Natural England Stephanie Clark 43

44 Aylesbeare to Kenn Pipeline. Exe Estuary Crossing: Environmental Appraisal of Open Cut Option June 2005 This document has been prepared to provide Natural England with the information required to form an opinion as to whether the proposed works would likely to have a significant effect on the designated site. For Natural England by Laing O Rourke on behalf of National Grid Natural England Exmouth Imperial Recreation Ground Landfill Remedial Measures: Environmental Statement (Incorporating Appropriate Assessment) January 2004 This project is to design and assess a remedial solution to current problems associated with the Exmouth Imperial Recreation Ground Landfill, due to physical and chemical contamination being detected on the Exe Estuary foreshore. For East Devon District Council by Halcrow Group Limited EIA Natural England Exmouth Imperial Recreation Ground Landfill Remedial Measures: Scoping Report January 2003 To document a preliminary understanding of the existing environmental baseline for the proposed area of works; identify key environmental effects associated with the proposed works; and recommend further work for the purposes of the Environmental Statement For East Devon District Council by Halcrow Group Limited SC Natural England Environmental Assessment: Furlong, Ferry Road, Topsham, Devon 2003 JD Goss-Custard Report to Exeter City Council. (3pp) Stephanie Clark 44

45 Exmouth Recreation Ground Landfill: Environmental Assessment 2003 JD Goss-Custard Report to Halcrow Group Limited. (13pp) Exmouth Imperial Recreation Ground Landfill Remedial Measures: Options Appraisal August 2002 This report presents options available at the site with consideration given to the likely constraints on remedial strategies for the site to address the concerns of the Environment Agency that landfill materials are becoming increasingly evident in the foreshore at Exmouth and that there may be leachate into the estuary. For East Devon District Council by Halcrow Group Limited SC Natural England Exe estuary Dredging Proposal. Benthic Flora and Fauna - Survey and dredging impact assessment July 1995 For Exeter City Council by Colin Munro and Mike Camplin, Devon Wildlife Enterprises Devon Biodiversity Records Centre Stephanie Clark 45