Central and south Brazil June July 2009

Transcription

1 Central and south Brazil June July 2009 Donald Blomqvist and Angela Pauliny General information This trip started with work, namely an animal behaviour-conference in Pirenópolis, central Brazil. The conference lasted 5 days, after which we started a 17-days birding trip. We visited three very different areas in central/south Brazil: southern Amazonian region (tropical rain forest), Chapada dos Guimarães (mainly cerrado habitat) and Pantanal (wetlands). We had not been in any of these areas before. In 2007, however, we visited the Atlantic Forest and Canastra National Park (cerrado habitat) in south-eastern Brazil. Amazonas was as expected: exciting and very bird-rich, but often also quite hard in terms of finding and observing birds (dense vegetation and sometimes enormous trees!). The Chapada area was more open, dry and dusty. It was also interesting, and we should probably have stayed there a bit longer. Pantanal was a wonderful experience we just loved it! The open landscape with all the birds and mammals actually reminded us of Africa! Our guide was a young Brazilian field ornithologist: Marcelo Pena Padua. At that time, Marcelo was running his own tour company, named Manakin Tours. He organized the entire trip for us, and acted as both driver and bird guide. During the 17 days we were birding together, Marcelo displayed great organizational skills, an impressive knowledge about both sites and birds (nature), and, not least important, a contagious enthusiasm and great sense of humour. Thanks to Marcelo, this was one of the most rewarding and pleasant birding trips we have ever made! Marcelo is now working as a guide for the North American company Field Guides ( Go with him if you can!! Contact The authors of this report can be contacted at: marabout04@yahoo.co.uk Itinerary/Diary 19.6 Flights Gothenburg-Amsterdam, Amsterdam-Sao Paulo and Sao Paulo-Brasilia. We left Gothenburg very early in the morning and checked in at our hotel in Brasilia well after midnight Brazilian time 20.6 As always, it was nice to wake up by the sound of exotic birds! We took a short walk and birded the surroundings of our hotel (futuristic as many other buildings in Brasilia). After that, one of the conference organizers picked us up (who also picked us up at the airport the previous day) and drove us to the small town of Pirenópolis Conference in Pirenópolis. In between the conference presentations, we explored the 25.6 surroundings of the conference venue and a Cerrado-area just outside the town Drive from Pirenópolis to Brasilia. Flight to Cuiabá followed by another flight to Alta Floresta, where we met Marcelo. Drive to Floresta Amazônica Hotel (1 night). The birding was unexpectedly good around the hotel in the afternoon/evening, including a nearly fledged harpy eagle in the nest! 27.6 Birding around the hotel in the morning. Drive to Teles Pires River, where we took a boat to Cristalino River and the Cristalino Jungle Lodge (6 nights). We got the first taste of birding in the Amazon by walking the Taboca Trail (near the lodge) in the afternoon. 1

2 28.6 A boat brought us to the Serra Trail in the morning. Great birds and wonderful views from the top of the hill. In the afternoon, we walked the trail leading to the canopy tower This morning, the canopy tower was reserved for us (groups staying at the lodge have to take turns in visiting the tower). It was a steep and rather awkward climb (carrying all the bulky equipment), but it was worth it. The tower provided a nice demonstration of the vertical distribution of birds in the rain forest. At the very top, we were dazzled by colourful macaws, cotingas, and tanagers. Unfortunately, we could not stay as long as planned because Don was several times stung by the wasps residing in the tower! After lunch, a boat took us to the Castanheira Trail We took the Taboca Trail in the morning (second failed attempt to see the cryptic forest falcon), followed by a long boat tour up-river in the afternoon. The boat had to be pulled by hand across some rapids, but that was certainly not in vain. We got the hoatzin, one of the trip s target species! 1.7 We followed several trails before lunch (Dr. Heffer s Trail, Kawall s Trail, and Manakin Trail). After lunch, we returned to the Teles Pires River and visited more open habitats on Ariosto Island. One of the highlights during the morning was a large raptor that flew over the canopy. Angela relocated it in a tree top, and when we got it in the scope, we could see that it was a crested eagle! A new species even for Marcelo, and in the evening it was properly celebrated with red wine next to the open fireplace on the river deck. Thanks again Marcelo for setting up this very special evening! 2.7 In the morning, we walked the Castanheira Trail and revisited Limao (at the rapids mentioned above). The afternoon was spent relaxing at the lodge. 3.7 We birded around the lodge in the morning. After lunch, we returned to Alta Floresta and the flight back to Cuiabá. In the evening (with Nacunda nighthawks foraging around the street lights!), we drove to Park Eco Lodge (3 nights) near Chapada dos Guimarães National Park. 4.7 We spent all day birding in the vicinity of Chapada NP. Before lunch, we visited Aqua Fria Road (Cerrado habitat) and Portao da Fe Road (deciduous woodlands), and after lunch we explored the Jamaca area (also deciduous woodlands). 5.7 In the morning, we returned to the Jamaca area because Marcelo got a glimpse of a male dot-eared coquette (!) the previous day. We did not find it, but a female of the same species showed itself briefly in the afternoon along one of the trails from the lodge. After dark, Marcelo brought us to a place where we, in the moonlight, could watch displaying giant snipes. A magical experience! 6.7 We tried again to find the coquette in Jamaca, but no luck. We left Chapada and eventually drove along the famous Transpantaneira Road into Pantanal National Park. We checked in at Pousada Piuval (2 nights), south of the small city of Poconé. 7.7 We birded around the lodge in the morning, which was simply fantastic! After lunch, we took a boat tour on Piuval Bay (a lake). We returned at dusk, when hundreds of Nacunda nighthawks and bulldog bats (also known as fishing bats) were foraging over the lake. Another magical moment! 8.7 We continued birding around the lodge in the morning. In the afternoon, we drove to Pousada Rio Claro (3 nights). 9.7 In the morning, we visited a gallery forest along Rio Claro. The forest held some good birds but mostly mosquitoes... A tamandua that raided a termite nest also provided a memorable experience. In the afternoon, we took a peaceful boat tour on the river We drove south to Porto Jofre, a tiny village where the Transpantaneira Road ends very abruptly at (in) the Cuiabá River. After lunch, we slowly birded our way back to Pousada Rio Claro. We were still driving when darkness fell, and we had two very exciting mammal encounters. First, we suddenly discovered a tapir that was running alongside the car (with more or less the same speed). It was attempting to cut across in front of our car, but luckily 2

3 changed its mind in the last second. Second, we noted a big shadow crossing the road some hundred m in front of us. The headlights caught the end of the animal, and we got a glimpse of its powerful hind legs and thick tail with big spots. Jaguar! Marcelo stopped the car and played a tape with puma calls (since jaguars do not like pumas!). We could hear the big cat walk around us in the darkness, but we did not manage to see it again. What a drama, not least when we got back to the lodge and noticed that the inside of the car was dotted with blood from the large number of mosquitoes that were squashed during the jaguar-incident! 11.7 After birding around the lodge in the morning, we started the drive back to Cuiabá. We made a stop at an observation tower that provided wonderful views of the surrounding marsh lands and forests. Here, we had our last encounter with hyacinth macaws, which did a fly-by close to the tower. Clearly, one of our favourite birds in the Pantanal! We checked in at the Cerrados Park Hotel (1 night) in Cuiabá in the late afternoon. For dinner, Marcelo and his wife Anna brought us to an unusual pizzeria. In addition to traditional pizzas, they also served dessert pizza. For example, covered with chocolate! 12.7 Our last bird in Brazil was a white-tailed hawk at Cuiabá airport. We flew to Sao Paulo, where an overambitious security officer almost made us miss the international flight to Amsterdam (he was convinced that our tripod was a weapon) Flight Amsterdam-Gothenburg. Site abbreviations (used in the species lists) ALT Road between Alta Floresta and Teles Pires River BRA Brasilia CHA Chapada dos Guimarães National Park and surrounding areas CLA Rio Claro area, Pantanal National Park CRI Cristalino River and surrounding Cristalino private forest reserve (several trails) CUI Cuiabá FLO Floresta Amazônica Hotel, Alta Floresta JOF Transpantaneira Road between Pousada Rio Claro and Porto Jofre PAN Pantanal National Park (including CLA, JOF, PIU, and sightings en route) PIR Pirenópolis and surroundings PIU Piuval area, Pantanal National Park TEL Teles Pires River, including Ariosto Island Species List Birds Nomenclature and taxonomy largely follow the field guides by Tomas Sigrist; Birds of Eastern Brazil (2007) and Birds of Amazonian Brazil (2008), supplemented by Handbook of the Birds of the World (HBW). Various internet sources were also used, in particular the taxonomic update published by ebird in August 2012, hereafter called Clements ( IUCN Red List of Threatened Species ( and Wikipedia. In total, we saw or heard 485 species. Marcelo recorded two additional species: dark-winged trumpeter (only heard) and planalto hermit. Sites are given for most species (see above), with additional comments for some species. (H) = only heard. The number within parenthesis refers to the number of days the species was observed (out of in total 23 days). We did not make daily notations while we were in Pirenópolis, so there we give the minimum number of observation days (denoted as ) for some of the more common species. 1. Undulated tinamou Crypturellus undulatus CHA (H), PAN (H) (4) 3

4 2. Variegated tinamou Crypturellus variegatus CRI (H) (3) 3. Small-billed tinamou Crypturellus parvi rostris CHA (H) (1) 4. Tataupa tinamou Crypturellus tataupa FLO (H), CHA (4) 5. Greater rhea Rhea americana PAN, en route (5) 6. Chaco chachalaca Ortalis canicollis PAN (5) 7. Spix s guan Penelope jacquacu CRI (4) 8. Chestnut-bellied guan Penelope ochrogaster PIU (2) 9. Blue-throated piping guan Pipele cumanensis PAN (3) 10. Red-throated piping guan Pipele cujubi CRI (3) 11. Razor-billed currasow Mitu tuberosum CRI (H) (1) 12. Bare-faced currasow Crax fasciolata CRI, PAN (9) 13. Southern screamer Chauna torquata PAN (3) 14. Black-bellied whistling-duck Dendrocygna autumnalis PAN (5) 15. Muscovy duck Cairina moschata PAN (4) 16. Brazilian teal Amazonetta brasiliensis PIU (2) 17. White-cheeked pintail Anas bahamensis PIU (1) 18. Maguari stork Ciconia maguari PAN (4) 19. Jabiru Jabiru mycteria PAN (5) 20. Wood stork Mycteria americana PAN (5) 21. Plumbeous ibis Theristicus caerulescens PAN (4) 22. Buff-necked ibis Theristicus caudatus PAN, en route (6) 23. Green ibis Mesembrinibis cayennensis CRI, TEL, PAN (5) 24. Bare-faced ibis Phimosus infuscatus PAN (4) 25. Roseate spoonbill Platalea ajaja PAN (4) 26. Rufescent tiger heron Tigrisoma lineatum CRI, PAN (7) 4

5 27. Least bittern Ixobrychus exilis PIU (1) 28. Black-crowned night-heron Nycticorax nyxticorax PAN (4) 29. Striated heron Butorides striata CRI, TEL, PAN (8) 30. Cattle egret Bubulcus ibis Common/widespread ( 13) 31. Cocoi Heron Ardea cocoi CRI, PAN (6) 32. Great egret Ardea alba CRI, PAN, en route ( 10) 33. Capped heron Pilherodius pileatus CRI, TEL, PAN, en route ( 11) 34. Whistling heron Syrigma sibilatrix PIR, PAN (5) 35. Little blue heron Egretta caerulea PAN (3) 36. Snowy egret Egretta thula BRA, CRI, PAN (7) 37. Neotropic cormorant Phalacrocorax brasilianus Common/widespread (9) 38. Anhinga Anhinga anhinga CRI, PAN (9) 39. Turkey vulture Cathartes aura PIR, ALT, CRI, PAN (5) 40. Lesser yellow-headed vulture Cathartes burrovianus PAN (5) 41. Greater yellow-headed vulture Cathartes melambrotus CRI (7) 42. Black vulture Coragyps atratus Common/widespread ( 22) 43. King vulture Sarcoramphus papa CRI (3) 44. Osprey Pandion haliaetus PIU (1) 45. Swallow-tailed kite Elanoides forficatus FLO, CRI (4) 46. Pearl kite Gampsonyx swainsonii CLA (1) 47. White-tailed kite Elanus leucurus ALT (2) 48. Snail kite Rostrhamus sociabilis ALT, PAN (7) 49. Double-toothed kite Harpagus bidentalis CRI (1) 50. Plumbeous kite Ictinia plumbea CRI (1) 51. Crane hawk Geranospiza caerulescens CLA, JOF (2) 52. White hawk Leucopternis albicollis CRI (1) 5

6 53. Great black hawk Buteogallus urubitinga CRI (5) 54. Savanna hawk Buteogallus meridionalis PAN (4) 55. Black-collared hawk Busarellus nigricollis PAN (5) 56. Roadside hawk Buteo magnirostris CHA, PAN, en route ( 10) 57. Short-tailed hawk Buteo brachyurus ALT (1) 58. White-tailed hawk Buteo albicaudatus JOF, CUI airport (2) 59. Crested eagle Morphnus guianensis CRI (1) One seen well (both flying and perched) Harpy eagle Harpia harpyja FLO (2) A nearly fledged young in the nest Ornate hawk-eagle Spizaetus ornatus TEL (1) 62. Black caracara Daptrius ater CRI (1) 63. Red-throated caracara Daptrius americanus CRI, TEL (4) 64. Crested caracara Polyborus plancus Common/widespread ( 15) 65. Yellow-headed caracara Milvago chimachima Common/widespread ( 8) 66. Laughing falcon Herpetotheres cachinnans CLA, JOF (3) 67. Cryptic forest falcon Micrastur mintoni CRI (H) (3) First described as recent as Forms a cryptic species complex with the lined forest falcon M. gilvicollis. 68. Slaty-backed forest falcon Micrastur mirandollei CRI (H) (1) 69. American kestrel Falco sparverius PIR, CHA, en route ( 7) 70. Bat falcon Falco rufigularis TEL, CRI, PAN (9) 71. Aplomado falcon Falco femoralis PIU (1) 72. Red-legged seriema Cariama cristata PIR, PAN, en route ( 6) 73. Sunbittern Eurypyga helias CRI, PAN (7) 74. Sungrebe Heliornis fulica CLA (1) 75. Grey-breasted crake Laterallus exilis PIU (Piuval Bay) (1) 6

7 76. Grey-necked wood rail Aramides cajanea PIR, CHA, PAN (7) 77. Purple gallinule Porphyrio martinicus PAN (observation tower) (1) 78. Azure gallinule Porphyrio flavirostris PAN (observation tower) (1) 79. Limpkin Aramus guarauna ALT, PAN (7) 80. White-backed stilt Himantopus melanurus PAN (3) HBW lumps all forms as black-winged stilt H. himantopus, whereas Clements treats the present form as a subspecies of black-necked stilt H. mexicanus. 81. Southern lapwing Vanellus chilensis Common/widespread (18) 82. Wattled jacana Jacana jacana ALT, PAN (7) 83. Giant snipe Gallinago undulata CHA (1) 84. Black skimmer Rynchops niger PIU, JOF (3) 85. Yellow-billed tern Sternula superciliaris JOF (1) 86. Large-billed tern Phaetusa simplex PAN (4) 87. Common pigeon Columba livia Towns and villages ( 10) 88. Scaled pigeon Patagioenas speciosa CHA (2) 89. Picazuro pigeon Patagioenas picazuro Common/widespread ( 17) 90. Pale-vented pigeon Patagioenas cayennensis PIR, PAN, en route ( 7) 91. Plumbeous pigeon Patagioenas plumbea CRI (1) 92. Ruddy pigeon Patagioenas subvinacea FLO, CRI, TEL (6) 93. Eared dove Zenaida auriculata CLA (1) 94. Scaled dove Columbina squammata PIR, CHA, PAN ( 10) 95. Ruddy ground dove Columbina talpacoti Common/widespread ( 20) 96. Picui ground dove Columbina picui CUI, PAN (5) 97. Blue ground dove Claravis pretiosa CRI (4) 98. Long-tailed ground dove Uropelia campestris CLA (2) 99. White-tipped dove Leptotila verreauxi PAN (4) 100. Grey-fronted dove Leptotila rufaxilla CHA (1) 7

8 101. Hyacinth macaw Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus PAN (4) 102. Blue-and-yellow macaw Ara ararauna ALT, CRI (5) 103. Scarlet macaw Ara macao ALT, CRI (5) 104. Red-and-green macaw Ara chloropterus CRI, CHA (3) 105. Chestnut-fronted macaw Ara severus ALT, CRI (4) 106. Red-bellied macaw Orthopsittaca manilata CRI (1) 107. Yellow-collared macaw Primolius maracana PAN (4) 108. Red-shouldered macaw Diopsittaca nobilis PIR, CHA (3) 109. White-eyed parakeet Aratinga leucophthalma CRI, TEL (4) 110. Peach-fronted parakeet Aratinga aurea PIR, CHA, PAN ( 9) 111. Nanday parakeet Nandayus nenday CLA (1) 112. Crimson-bellied parakeet Pyrrhura perlata CRI (H) (1) 113. Madeira parakeet Pyrrhura snethlageae FLO, ALT, CRI (4) This parrot was recently classified as a distinct species. It belongs to a group with difficult and uncertain taxonomy, and the form we saw, P. s. lucida, may constitute yet another species (Cristalino parakeet) Monk parakeet Myiopsitta monachus PAN (2) 115. Blue-winged parrotlet Forpus xanthopterygius PIR (1) 116. Dusky-billed parrotlet Forpus modestus CRI (3) 117. Yellow-chevroned parakeet Brotogeris chiriri Common/widespread ( 12) 118. Golden-winged parakeet Brotogeris chrysoptera FLO, CRI (5) 119. White-bellied parrot Pionites leucogaster CRI (3) 120. Orange-cheeked parrot Pionopsitta barrabandi TEL (H), CRI (2) 121. Blue-headed parrot Pionus menstruus FLO, CRI, TEL, CHA (9) 122. Scaly-headed parrot Pionus maximiliani CLA (2) 123. Blue-fronted parrot Amazona aestiva PAN (5) 124. Yellow-crowned parrot Amazona ochrocephala CRI (H) (1) 8

9 125. Orange-winged parrot Amazona amazonica PAN (5) 126. Kawall s parrot Amazona kawalli FLO, CRI (4) Captive birds were recognized as this species in 1989, rediscovered in the wild as recent as Red-fan parrot Deroptyus accipitrinus FLO, CRI (3) 128. Hoatzin Opisthocomus hoazin CRI (1) 129. Guira cuckoo Guira guira Common/widespread ( 13) 130. Greater ani Crotophaga major CRI (1) 131. Smoth-billed ani Crotophaga ani Common/widespread ( 16) 132. Striped cuckoo Tapera naevia CLA (H) (1) 133. Pavonine cuckoo Dromococcyx pavonius CRI (H) (1) 134. Squirrel cuckoo Piaya cayana Common/widespread ( 14) 135. Black-bellied cuckoo Piaya melanogaster CRI (2) 136. Tropical screech owl Megascops choliba CHA (H), CLA (3) 137. Austral screech owl Megascops usta FLO (H) (1) 138. Great horned owl Bubo virginianus JOF (1) 139. Amazonian pygmy owl Glaucidium hardyi FLO (H) (2) 140. Ferruginous pygmy owl Glaucidium brasilianum CHA, PAN (H), en route (H) (7) 141. Burrowing owl Athene cunicularia BRA, PIR, CHA, CLA (8) 142. Great potoo Nyctibius grandis FLO, CRI, PAN (6) 143. Common potoo Nyctibius griseus CRI, CHA, JOF (4) 144. Short-tailed nighthawk Lurocalis semitorquatus CRI (2) 145. Band-tailed nighthawk Nyctiprogne leucopyga PAN (2) 146. Nacunda nighthawk Podager nacunda CUI, CHA, PAN (6) 147. Pauraque Nyctidromas albicollis CRI (H), CHA, PAN (11) 148. Ocellated poorwill Nyctiphrynus ocellatus CRI (2) 9

10 149. Spot-tailed nightjar Caprimulgus maculicaudus CLA (1) 150. Blackish nightjar Caprimulgus nigrescens CRI (2) 151. Ladder-tailed nightjar Hydropsalis climacocerca CRI (2) 152. Scissor-tailed nightjar Hydropsalis torquata CHA, PIU (2) One female at Chapada 5.7, several males and females at Piuval Pale-rumped swift Chaetura egregia CRI (3) Grey-rumped swift C. cinereiventris may have been overlooked Chapman s swift Chaetura chapmani CRI, TEL (2) 155. Fork-tailed palm-swift Tachornis squamata PIR, ALT, CRI ( 8) 156. Buff-bellied hermit Phaetornis subochraceus CLA (1) 157. Reddish hermit Phaethornis ruber CRI (1) 158. Swallow-tailed hummingbird Eupetomena macroura BRA, PIR, CHA ( 6) 159. White-necked jacobin Florisuga mellivora CRI (4) 160. White-vented violet-ear Colibri serrirostris CHA (1) 161. Black-throated mango Anthracothorax nigricollis PIR, CRI, TEL, CHA ( 9) 162. Dot-eared coquette Lophornis gouldii CHA (1) One female 5.7 (Marcelo saw a male earlier the same day) Black-bellied thorntail Discosura langsdorffi CRI (1) One female on the day of our departure from Cristalino (3.7) Glittering-bellied emerald Chlorostibon aureoventris CHA (2) 165. Fork-tailed woodnymph Thalurania furcata CRI, CHA, PAN (9) 166. White-chinned sapphire Hylocharis cyanus CRI (3) 167. Gilded hummingbird Hylocharis chrysura CHA, PAN (5) 168. White-tailed goldenthroat Polytmus guainumbi CHA, PIU (2) 169. Versicolored emerald Amazilia versicolor PIR, CRI, CHA ( 5) 170. Glittering-throated emerald Amazilia fimbriata CHA, PAN (6) 171. Black-eared fairy Heliothryx auritus CRI (2) 10

11 172. Long-billed starthroat Heliomaster longirostris CHA (2) Only females or males in non-breeding plumage were seen (as was the case also for the following two species) Blue-tufted starthroat Heliomaster furcifer CHA (1) 174. Stripe-breasted starthroat Heliomaster squamosus PIR (1) 175. Blue-crowned trogon Trogon curucui FLO, CRI (H), TEL, CHA, PAN (7) 176. Amazonian trogon Trogon ramonianus CRI (4) The violaceous trogon has recently been split into three species, including the present one which breeds in western/southern Amazonia Collared trogon Trogon collaris CRI (3) 178. Black-tailed trogon Trogon melanurus CRI (4) 179. American pygmy kingfisher Chloroceryle aenea CRI, PIU (2) 180. Green-and-rufous kingfisher Chloroceryle inda CRI (1) 181. Green kingfisher Chloroceryle americana CRI, TEL, PAN (7) 182. Amazon kingfisher Chloroceryle amazona ALT, CRI, TEL, PAN (12) 183. Ringed kingfisher Ceryle torquata CRI, TEL, PAN (9) 184. Amazonian motmot Momotus momota PIR, CRI (H), CHA ( 6) A split from the blue-crowned motmot, which recently has been suggested to consist of five species (!) Brown jacamar Brachygalba lugubris CHA (1) 186. Blue-cheeked jacamar Galbula cyanicollis CRI (1) 187. Rufous-tailed jacamar Galbula ruficauda CRI, TEL, CHA, PAN (9) 188. Bronzy jacamar Galbula leucogastra CRI (1) 189. Paradise jacamar Galbula dea CRI (4) 190. Great jacamar Jacamerops aureus CRI (1) 191. Pied puffbird Notharcus tectus CRI (1) 192. Spotted puffbird Bucco tamatia CRI (1) 193. White-eared puffbird Nystalus chacuru PIR, CHA (4) 194. Striolated puffbird Nystalus striolatus CRI (2) 11

12 195. Spot-backed puffbird Nystalus maculatus PIU (2) 196. Black-fronted nunbird Monasa nigrifrons Common/widespread (16) 197. White-fronted nunbird Monasa morphoeus CRI (2) 198. Swallow-wing Chelidoptera tenebrosa CRI, CHA (8) 199. Black-girdled barbet Capito dayi FLO, CRI (H) (3) 200. Lettered aracari Pteroglossus inscriptus CRI, CHA (2) 201. Red-necked aracari Pteroglossus bitorquatus CRI (3) 202. Chestnut-eared aracari Pteroglossus castanotis FLO, CRI, CHA, PAN (7) 203. Curl-crested aracari Pteroglossus beauharnaesii CRI (1) 204. Gould s toucanet Selenidera gouldii CRI (H) (2) 205. Channel-billed toucan Ramphastos vitellinus FLO (H), CRI (5) R. v. culminatus (yellow-ridged toucan). HBW recognizes this and three more subspecies, which sometimes are considered distinct species. Hybridizations are common, however, creating large hybrid populations Toco toucan Ramphastos toco PIR, PAN, en route ( 9) 207. White-throated toucan Ramphastos tucanus CRI, CHA (3) R. t. tucanus (red-billed toucan). Another toucan with complex taxonomy and frequent hybridizations between subspecies (HBW) Bar-breasted piculet Picumnus aurifrons CRI (H) (1) 209. White-edged piculet Picumnus albosquamatus CHA (H), PAN (5) 210. White woodpecker Melanerpes candidus PIR, CHA (H), PIU (3) 211. Yellow-tufted woodpecker Melanerpes cruentatus ALT, CRI (H), CHA (6) 212. Little woodpecker Veniliornis passerinus CHA, PAN (4) 213. Red-stained woodpecker Veniliornis affinis CRI (H) (1) 214. Yellow-throated woodpecker Piculus flavigula CRI (2) 215. Golden-green woodpecker Piculus chrysochlorus PAN (3) 216. Green-barred woodpecker Colaptes melanochloros PIR, CHA, PAN (4) 217. Campo flicker Colaptes campestris BRA, PIR, CHA, PAN ( 8) 12

13 218. Pale-crested woodpecker Celeus lugubris PAN (4) 219. Cream-colored woodpecker Celeus flavus PAN (2) 220. Ringed woodpecker Celeus torquatus CRI (3) 221. Lineated woodpecker Dryocopus lineatus PIR, CRI, CHA (H), PAN (6) 222. Red-necked woodpecker Campephilus rubricollis CRI (1) 223. Crimson-crested woodpecker Campephilus melanoleucos PIR, PAN (4) 224. Pale-legged hornero Furnarius leucopus PAN (3) 225. Rufous hornero Furnarius rufus Common/widespread ( 12) 226. Chotoy spinetail Schoeniophylax phryganophilus PAN (3) 227. Sooty-fronted spinetail Synallaxis frontalis PIU (2) 228. Pale-breasted spinetail Synallaxis albescens CHA (1) 229. Cinereous-breasted spinetail Synallaxis hypospodia PAN (2) 230. White-lored spinetail Synallaxis albilora PAN (4) 231. Rusty-backed spinetail Cranioleuca vulpina PAN (3) 232. Speckled spinetail Cranioleuca gutturata CRI (1) 233. Yellow-throated spinetail Certhiaxis cinnamomeus PAN (3) 234. Greater thornbird Phacellodomus ruber PAN (5) 235. Grey-crested cacholote Pseudoseisura unirufa PAN (3) 236. Point-tailed palmcreeper Berlepschia rikeri ALT (2) 237. Rufous-tailed foliage-gleaner Phylidor ruficaudatum CRI (3) 238. Rufous-rumped foliage-gleaner Phylidor ruficaudatum CRI (1) 239. Buff-throated foliage-gleaner Automolus ochrolaemus CRI (2) 240. Sharp-tailed streamcreeper Lochmias nematura CHA (2) 241. Plain xenops Xenops minutus CRI (1) 242. Streaked xenops Xenops rutilans CHA, CLA (H) (2) 13

14 243. Plain-brown woodcreeper Dendrocincla fuliginosa CRI (1) 244. Spot-throated woodcreeper Deconychura stictolaema CRI (H) (1) 245. Olivaceous woodcreeper Sittosomas griseicapillus CRI, CHA, PAN (5) 246. Wedge-billed woodcreeper Glyphorynchus spirurus CRI (2) 247. Long-billed woodcreeper Nasica longirostris CRI (2) 248. Strong-billed woodcreeper Xiphocolaptes promeropirhyncus FLO (2) 249. Great rufous woodcreeper Xiphocolaptes major JOF (1) 250. Planalto woodcreeper Dendrocolaptes platyrostris CHA (2) 251. Straight-billed woodcreeper Dendroplex picus PIU (1) 252. Striped woodcreeper Xiphorhynchus obsoletus CRI (H) (1) 253. Buff-throated woodcreeper Xiphorhyncus guttatus FLO, CRI (H), CHA, PAN (5) Recently separated from cocoa woodcreeper X. susurrans, breeding in Central America and NW South America (HBW) Narrow-billed woodcreeper Lepidocolaptes angustirostris CHA, PAN (4) 255. Lineated woodcreeper Lepidocolaptes albolineatus CRI (1) 256. Red-billed scythebill Campylorhamphus trochilirostris PAN, en route (3) 257. Curve-billed scythebill Campylorhamphus procurvoides CRI (2) 258. Fasciated antshrike Cymbilaimus lineatus CRI (1) 259. Great antshrike Taraba major PIR, PAN (6) 260. Glossy antshrike Sakesphorus luctuosus TEL (1) 261. Barred antshrike Thamnophilus doliatus PIR, JOF (2) 262. Chestnut-backed antshrike Thamnophilus palliatus CRI (2) 263. Plain-winged antshrike Thamnophilus schistaceus CRI (3) 264. Natterer s slaty antshrike Thamnophilus stictocephalus CRI (1) This and the following species belong to a complex that currently consists of six species; all previously considered a single species! (HBW) 265. Planalto slaty antshrike Thamnophilus pelzelni CHA (H), PIU (H) (3) 266. Amazonian antshrike Thamnophilus amazonicus CRI (1) 14

15 267. Rufous-winged antshrike Thamnophilus torquatus CHA (1) 268. Plain antvireo Dysithamnus mentalis CHA (1) 269. Saturnine antshrike Thamnomanus saturninus CRI (1) 270. Cinereous antshrike Thamnomanus caesius CRI (3) 271. Spot-winged antshrike Pygiptila stellaris CRI (1) 272. Ornate antwren Epinecrophylla leucophthalma CRI (5) 273. Pygmy antwren Myrmotherula brachyura CRI (1) 274. Amazonian streaked antwren Myrmotherula multostriata CRI (3) 275. Plain-throated antwren Myrmotherula hauxwelli CRI (4) 276. White-flanked antwren Myrmotherula axillaris CRI (1) 277. Long-winged antwren Myrmotherula longipennis CRI (1) 278. Grey antwren Myrmotherula menetriesii CRI (1) 279. Large-billed antwren Herpsilochmus atricapillus CHA, PAN (6) 280. Rufous-winged antwren Herpsilochmus rufimarginatus CRI (4) 281. Dot-winged antwren Microrhopias quixensis CRI (4) 282. White-fringed antwren Formicivora grisea CRI (1) 283. Rusty-backed antwren Formicivora rufa CHA, PIU (4) 284. Striated antbird Drymophila devillei CRI (4) 285. Grey antbird Cercomacra cinerascens FLO (H), CRI (7) 286. Mato Grosso antbird Cercomacra melanaria CLA (1) 287. Manu antbird Cercomacra manu CRI (1) 288. White-backed fire-eye Pyriglena leuconota CRI (H) (1) 289. White-browed antbird Myrmoborus leucophrys CRI (2) 290. Black-faced antbird Myrmoborus myotherinus CRI (2) 291. Warbling antbird Hypocnemis cantator CRI (2) 15

16 Clements splits the warbling antbird into six species (HBW notes that it almost certainly consists of more than one species). Following Clements, we observed Spix s warbling antbird H. striata Band-tailed antbird Hypocnemoides maculicauda CRI, CLA (2) 293. Silvered antbird Sclateria naevia CRI (2) 294. Bare-eyed antbird Rhegmatorhina gymnops CRI (1) 295. Spot-backed antbird Hylophylax naevius CRI (1) 296. Dot-backed antbird Hylophylax punctulatus CRI (1) 297. Variegated antpitta Grallaria varia CRI (H) (1) 298. Amazonian antpitta Hylopezus berlepschi CRI (H), TEL (H) (2) 299. Thrush-like antpitta Myrmothera campanisona CRI (H) (4) 300. Chestnut-belted gnateater Conopophaga aurita CRI (2) Subspecies C. a. snethlageae, sometimes considered a separate species (Snethlage s gnateater) Collared crescent-chest Melanopareia torquata CHA (1) 302. Yellow-crowned tyrannulet Tyrannulus elatus CRI (1) 303. Forest elaenia Myiopagis gaimardii CRI (H), CHA, PAN (9) 304. Yellow-bellied elaenia Elaenia flavogaster CHA (1) 305. Small-billed elaenia Elaenia parvirostris CHA (1) 306. Plain-crested elaenia Elaenia cristata CHA (1) 307. Southern beardless tyrannulet Camptostoma obsoletum CRI (H), CHA, PAN (8) 308. Chapada flycatcher Suiriri islerorum CHA (1) First described in 2001, previously confused with S. suiriri affinis (suiriri flycatcher) White-crested tyrannulet Serpophaga subcristata PIR, JOF (2) 310. Ringed antpipit Corythopis torquatus CRI (3) 311. Southern antpipit Corythopis delalandi CHA (2) 312. Tawny-crowned pygmy tyrant Euscarthmus meloryphus PIU (H) (1) 313. Rufous-sided pygmy tyrant Euscarthmus rufomarginatus CHA (1) 16

17 A rare and localized species, confined to cerrado and similar habitats Sepia-capped flycatcher Leptopogon amaurocephalus CHA (1) 315. Amazonian scrub flycatcher Sublegatus obscurior CRI (3) 316. Southern scrub flycatcher Sublegatus modestus CLA (1) 317. Plain tyrannulet Inezia inornata PAN (4) 318. Amazonian tyrannulet Inezia subflava TEL (1) 319. Bran-colored flycatcher Myiophobus fasciatus CLA (1) 320. White-bellied tody-tyrant Hemitriccus griseipectus CRI (H) (2) A recent split from the white-eyed tody-tyrant H. zosterops Pearly-vented tody-tyrant Hemitriccus margaritaceiventer PAN (4) 322. Short-tailed pygmy tyrant Myiornis ecaudatus CRI (2) 323. Helmeted pygmy tyrant Lophotriccus galeatus CRI (4) 324. Rusty-fronted tody-flycatcher Poecilotriccus latirostris CHA, PAN (6) 325. Spotted tody-flycatcher Todirostrum maculatum CRI (H), TEL (2) 326. Common tody-flycatcher Todirostrum cinereum PIU (1) 327. Yellow-browed tody-flycatcher T. chrysocrotaphum FLO (H), CRI (H) (2) 328. Yellow-olive flycatcher Tolmomyias sulphurescens CHA (H), PIU (3) 329. Golden-crowned spadebill Platyrinchus coronatus CRI (1) 330. White-crested spadebill Platyrinchus platyrhynchos CRI (2) 331. Amazonian royal flycatcher Onychorhynchus coronatus CRI (H) (1) The royal flycatcher has been suggested to consist of four species, including the present one Whiskered flycatcher Myiobius barbatus CRI, CHA (2) 333. Euler s flycatcher Lathrotriccus euleri CRI, CHA (H), CLA (H) (5) 334. Fuscous flycatcher Cnemotriccus fuscatus PIU, CLA (H) (2) 335. Vermilion flycatcher Pyrocephalus rubinus TEL, PAN (6) 336. Crested black-tyrant Knipolegus lophotes CHA (1) 337. White-rumped monjita Xolmis velatus PAN, en route (5) 17

18 338. Black-backed water-tyrant Fluvicola albiventer PAN (4) 339. White-headed marsh-tyrant Arundinicola leucocephala PAN (2) 340. Long-tailed tyrant Colonia colonus PIR ( 2) 341. Cattle tyrant Machetornis rixosa PAN (5) 342. Rusty-margined flycatcher Myiozetetes cayanensis Common/widespread ( 14) 343. Great kiskadee Pitangus sulphuratus Common/widespread ( 15) 344. Lesser kiskadee Philohydor lictor CRI, PIU (3) 345. Streaked flycatcher Myiodinastes maculatus CHA (1) 346. Boat-billed flycatcher Megarhyncus pitangua PIR, CRI, PAN ( 10) 347. Variegated flycatcher Empidonomus varius CRI (2) 348. Crowned slaty flycatcher Griseotyrannus aurantioatrocristatus CRI (2) 349. White-throated kingbird Tyrannus albogularis BRA, PIR, ALT ( 5) 350. Tropical kingbird Tyrannus melancholicus PIR, PAN ( 10) 351. Grayish mourner Rhytipterna simplex CRI (H) (1) 352. Rufous casiornis Casiornis rufus CRI, PAN (4) 353. Swainson s flycatcher Myiarchus swainsoni PIR, CRI, PIU ( 5) 354. Short-crested flycatcher Myiarchus ferox CRI, CHA, PAN (6) 355. Brown-crested flycatcher Myiarchus tyrannulus CRI (H), PIU, CLA (4) 356. Large-headed flatbill Ramphotrigon megacephalum CRI (1) 357. Rufous-tailed flatbill Ramphotrigon ruficauda CRI (1) 358. Cinnamon attila Attila cinnamomeus CRI (H) (1) 359. Bright-rumped attila Attila spadiceus CRI (H) (2) Possibly not conspecific with the forms in Central America (flammulated attila A. flammulatus) Spangled cotinga Cotinga cayana CRI (1) Both males and females were seen from the canopy tower Screaming piha Lipaugus vociferans FLO (H), CRI (8) 18

19 362. Pompadour cotinga Xipholena punicea CRI (1) A few females were seen at the top of the Serra Trail Bare-necked fruitcrow Gymnoderus foetidus CRI, TEL (3) 364. Amazonian umbrellabird Cephalopterus ornatus CRI (1) 365. Dwarf tyrant-manakin Tyranneutes stolzmanni CRI (4) 366. Fiery-capped manakin Machaeropterus pyrocephalus CHA (1) 367. Helmeted manakin Antilophia galeata CHA, PIU (H) (2) 368. Flame-crested manakin Heterocercus linteatus CRI (1) 369. Band-tailed manakin Pipra fasciicauda CRI (H), CHA (4) 370. Red-headed manakin Pipra rubrocapilla CRI (5) 371. Black-crowned tityra Tityra inquisitor JOF (1) 372. Masked tityra Tityra semifasciata ALT, CHA (2) 373. Varzea schiffornis Schiffornis major CRI (1) 374. Thrush-like schiffornis Schiffornis turdina CRI (H) (4) 375. Cinereous mourner Laniocera hypopyrra CRI (1) 376. White-browed purpletuft Iodopleura isabellae CRI (2) 377. White-naped xenopsaris Xenopsaris albinucha CRI (1) 378. White-winged becard Pachyramphus polychopterus CLA (1) 379. Crested becard Pachyramphus validus CHA (1) 380. Wing-barred piprites Piprites chloris CRI (3) 381. Rufous-browed peppershrike Cyclarhis gujanensis CHA, PAN (7) 382. Slaty-capped shrike-vireo Vireolanius leucotis CRI (H) (4) 383. Gray-chested greenlet Hylophilus semicinereus CRI (H) (1) 384. Ashy-headed greenlet Hylophilus pectoralis PIU, CLA (2) 385. Tawny-crowned greenlet Hylophilus ochraceiceps CRI (2) 386. Purplish jay Cyanocorax cyanomelas CHA, PAN (8) 19

20 387. Curl-crested jay Cyanocorax cristatellus PIR, CHA ( 3) 388. White-naped jay Cyanocorax cyanopogon PIR (1) 389. White-winged swallow Tachycineta albiventer CRI, TEL, PAN (9) 390. White-rumped swallow Tachycineta leucorrhoa JOF (1) 391. Gray-breasted martin Progne chalybea Common/widespread ( 8) 392. Brown-chested martin Progne tapera BRA (1) 393. Blue-and-white swallow Pygochelidon cyanoleuca BRA, PIR ( 5) 394. White-banded swallow Atticora fasciata CRI (6) 395. Southern rough-winged swallow Stelgidopteryx ruficollis Common/widespread ( 15) 396. Black-capped donacobius Donacobius atricapilla CRI, PAN (5) 397. Thrush-like wren Campylorhynchus turdinus FLO, CHA, PAN, CUI (H) (9) We observed two subspecies: C. t. hypostictus (FLO) and C. t. unicolor (remaining sites) Moustached wren Thryothorus genibarbis CHA, CLA (H) (5) 399. Buff-breasted wren Thryothorus leucotis CRI (H), CHA (H), CLA (5) 400. Fawn-breasted wren Thryothorus guarayanus JOF (1) 401. Southern house wren Troglodytes musculus BRA, PIR, CHA ( 5) 402. Scaly-breasted wren Microcerculus marginatus CRI (H) (2) Formerly known as southern nightingale-wren. The forms in Central and South America may represent separate species Tooth-billed wren Odontorchilus cinereus CRI (1) 404. Musician wren Cyphorhinus arada CRI (1) 405. Long-billed gnatwren Ramphocaenus melanurus CRI (2) 406. Masked gnatcatcher Polioptila dumicola PIR, PAN ( 6) 407. Chalk-browed mockingbird Mimus saturninus Common/widespread ( 12) 408. Rufous-bellied thrush Turdus rufiventris Common/widespread ( 11) 409. Pale-breasted thrush Turdus leucomelas BRA, PIR, CHA ( 6) 410. Creamy-bellied thrush Turdus amaurochalinus PIR, CLA ( 2) 20

21 411. Hauxwell s thrush Turdus hauxwelli CRI (H) (3) 412. House sparrow Passer domesticus CUI (2) 413. Yellowish pipit Anthus lutescens BRA, PIU (H) (2) 414. Purple-throated euphonia Euphonia chlorotica Common/widespread ( 14) 415. Violaceous euphonia Euphonia violacea PIR ( 2) 416. Thick-billed euphonia Euphonia laniirostris CRI, CHA (4) 417. White-lored euphonia Euphonia chrysopasta CRI (1) 418. Orange-bellied euphonia Euphonia xanthogaster CRI (1) 419. Tropical parula Parula pitiayumi CHA, PAN (6) 420. Southern yellowthroat Geothlypis velata CHA (1) The masked yellowthroat G. aequinoctialis has been suggested to consist of several species, including the present one Flavescent warbler Basileuterus flaveolus CHA, PIU, CLA (4) 422. White-bellied warbler Basileuterus hypoleucus CHA, JOF (4) Recently reclassified as a subspecies of the golden-crowned warbler; B. culicivorus hypolecus Rose-breasted chat Granatellus pelzelni CRI (1) 424. Crested oropendola Psarocolius decumanus Common/widespread (11) 425. Olive oropendula Psarocolius bifasciatus CRI (2) 426. Yellow-rumped cacique Cacicus cela Common/widespread ( 9) 427. Solitary cacique Cacicus solitarius PAN (3) 428. Orange-backed troupial Icterus croconotus CHA, PAN, en route (6) 429. Variable oriole Icterus pyrrhopterus PIR, TEL, CHA, PAN ( 8) A split from the epaulet oriole I. cayanensis Chopi blackbird Gnorimopsar chopi PIR, CHA ( 5) 431. Scarlet-headed blackbird Amblyramphus holosericeus JOF, CLA (2) 432. Unicolored blackbird Agelasticus cyanopus PAN (4) 433. Bay-winged cowbird Agelaioides badius PAN (5) 21

22 434. Giant cowbird Molothrus oryzivorus CRI, CHA, PAN (6) 435. Shiny cowbird Molothrus bonariensis PIR, PAN ( 7) 436. White-browed blackbird Sturnella superciliaris JOF (1) 437. Bananaquit Coereba flaveola Common/widespread (7) 438. Grassland sparrow Ammodramus humeralis CHA, PIU (2) 439. Pectoral sparrow Arremon taciturnus CHA (1) 440. Saffron-billed sparrow Arremon flavirostris CHA, PIU (4) 441. Red-crested cardinal Paroaria coronata PIU (1) 442. Red-capped cardinal Paroaria gularis CRI, TEL (4) 443. Yellow-billed cardinal Paroaria capitata PAN (5) 444. Black-faced tanager Schistochlamys melanopsis CHA (2) 445. Magpie tanager Cissopis leverianus CHA (2) 446. Red-billed pied tanager Lamprospiza melanoleuca CRI (2) 447. Hooded tanager Nemosia pileata PIR, CLA (2) 448. White-rumped tanager Cypsnagra hirundinacea CHA (1) 449. Grey-headed tanager Eucometis penicillata CHA, CLA (3) 450. Flame-crested tanager Tachyphonus cristatus CRI (1) 451. White-shouldered tanager Tachyphonus luctuosus TEL (1) 452. White-lined tanager Tachyphonus rufus CHA, PAN (5) 453. Silver-beaked tanager Ramphocelus carbo TEL, CHA, PAN (7) 454. Blue-gray tanager Thraupis episcopus TEL, CRI (2) 455. Sayaca tanager Thraupis sayaca CHA, PAN (7) 456. Palm tanager Thraupis palmarum Common/widespread ( 16) 457. White-banded tanager Neothraupis fasciata CHA (1) 458. Turquoise tanager Tangara mexicana TEL, CRI (3) 22

23 Birds belonging to the mexicana-group, possibly not conspecific with the form in SE Brazil (white-bellied tanager T. m. brasiliensis) Green-and-gold tanager Tangara schrankii CRI (1) 460. Bay-headed tanager Tangara gyrola CRI (1) 461. Burnished-buff tanager Tangara cayana PIR, CHA ( 3) 462. Blue-necked tanager Tangara cyanicollis CRI (1) 463. Swallow tanager Tersina viridis CHA (3) 464. Black-faced dacnis Dacnis lineata CRI (2) 465. Blue dacnis Dacnis cayana CHA (2) 466. Red-legged honeycreeper Cyanerpes cyaneus CHA (1) 467. Guira tanager Hemithraupis guira CHA (1) 468. Yellow-backed tanager Hemithraupis flavicollis CRI (2) 469. Chestnut-vented conebill Conirostrum speciosum PAN (3) 470. Red-crowned ant-tanager Habia rubica CRI (1) 471. Red-crested finch Coryphospingus cucullatus CHA, PIU, CLA (5) 472. Saffron finch Sicalis flaveola BRA, PAN (5) 473. Blue-black grassquit Volatinia jacarina BRA, CHA, JOF (3) 474. Plumbeous seedeater Sporophila plumbea CHA (1) 475. Rusty-collared seedeater Sporophila collaris PAN (3) 476. Yellow-bellied seedeater Sporophila nigricollis BRA (1) 477. Double-collared seedeater Sporophila caerulescens CHA (1) 478. White-bellied seedeater Sporophila leucoptera JOF (1) 479. Chestnut-bellied seed finch Oryzoborus angolensis CHA, PIU, JOF (3) Formerly considered conspecific with the thick-billed seed finch O. funereus Yellow-shouldered grosbeak Parkerthraustes humeralis CRI (1) 481. Slate-colored grosbeak Saltator grossus CRI (1) 482. Buff-throated saltator Saltator maximus CHA (1) 23

24 483. Green-winged saltator Saltator similis PIR, CHA ( 2) 484. Grayish saltator Saltator coerulescens PAN (5) 485. Black-throated saltator Saltator atricollis CHA (3) Species List Mammals Nomenclature and taxonomy follow Handbook of the Mammals of the World (Vol. 1-3) and IUCN Red List of Threatened Species ( Capybara Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris Spix s yellow-toothed cavy Galea spixii Tapeti (Brazilian rabbit) Sylvilagus brasiliensis Azara s agouti Dasyprocta azarae Lowland tapir Tapirus terrestris Southern tamandua Tamandua tetradactyla Paraguayan howler Alouatta caraya Black spider monkey Ateles chamek White-whiskered spider monkey Atheles marginatus Guianan brown capuchin Sapajus apella Hooded capuchin Sapajus cay Red-nosed bearded saki Chiropotes albinasus Black-tailed marmoset Mico melanurus White-lipped peccary Tayassu pecari Marsh deer Blastocerus dichotomus Common brown brocket Mazama gouazoubira Common red brocket Mazama americana Greater bulldog bat Noctilio leporinus Jaguar Panthera onca PAN CHA PIU ALT, PIU, JOF JOF CLA CLA ALT ALT, CRI CRI CHA, PIU CRI CLA, JOF CRI JOF, en route PIU PIU, JOF PIU JOF 24

25 Giant otter Pteronura brasiliensis Neotropical otter Lontra longicaudis South American coati Nasua nasua Crab-eating fox Cerdocyon thous CRI PIU CHA PIU Trip report completed in July 2013, revised in September