ARS-TBGPEA collabora1ve research update
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1 ARS-TBGPEA collabora1ve research update March 16, 2016
2 Long-range goals Find out how to best manage Thunder Basin for mul1ple objec1ves livestock produc1on, conserva1on of both short-grass and sagebrush ecosystems and associated species, energy produc1on Produce updated STMs, ESDs, decision support tools and/or best prac1ces for public and private land managers.
3 TBGPEA-ARS Ac1vi1es Projects ini1ated Historical Wildfires Project Thunder Basin Research Ini1a1ve: Nested Exclosure Project Overlapping Bird Habitats Project 2016 plans Historical exclosure sampling Songbird responses to wildfire Assist with ongoing projects
4 Historical Wildfires Project How does wildfire impact Thunder Basin ecosystems?
5 Historical Wildfires Project WILDFIRE 1a. Reduc1on of shrubs: temporary or long-term? 1b. Change in forage available to livestock? 2. Brome invasion? 3. Soil erosion? 4. Change in bird habitats?
6 How does wildfire impact Thunder Basin ecosystems? Comprehensive vegeta1on and soils data at 159 transects spanning 3 coun1es, 32 historical fires ( ), and 7 different ecological sites.
7 1. Shrubs and forage
8 Wildfires increase grass and forb cover, reduce shrub and cactus cover * * * *
9 Long-term effects of wildfire? Shrubs: long-term reduc1on Perennial grasses: long-term increase In oldest fires, shrub cover is replaced by perennial grass cover. Cactus: fire reduces temporarily Forbs: fire increases temporarily
10 What about biomass? In 2015, we clipped herbaceous biomass at 110 transects. Note: excludes shrub biomass and residual from 2014, doesn t account for differen<al u<liza<on.
11 Biomass by func1onal group
12 2. Abundance of annual bromes
13 Wildfires did not cause brome invasion Cheatgrass Japanese brome
14 What do bromes care about? 1. Soil. Cheatgrass is found on sandier soils, while Japanese brome is found on more clayey soils. 2. Site potenhal. Both species are more likely to occur in grassier places with more plants. 3. Microclimate. Both species are more likely to occur on SE-facing slopes.
15 3. Soil stability and erosion Historical fires do not cause soil erosion.
16 4. Bird habitat (Fire removes sagebrush) (Fire increases forb cover and biomass) No difference in forb diversity due to burns
17 Grass is shorter inside fires and on clayey or saline soils 7 inches
18 Building a general picture of longterm wildfire effects in Thunder Basin WILDFIRE Long-term reduc1on of shrubs Increase in cover and biomass of forbs and perennial grasses No brome invasion No soil erosion Bird habitat: shorter structure; no shrubs; more forbs
19 Take home messages Fires can cause a conversion (on the order of 100 years or more) from sagebrush to mixed grass. Burned areas may provide important forage resources (e.g., forbs) that are less abundant elsewhere. Fires can help reduce cactus, at least temporarily. Fires are not associated with erosion or invasion.
20 Next steps: build fire into conceptual models of the ecosystem
21 Thunder Basin Research IniHaHve UW College of Agriculture and Natural Resources USDA Agricultural Research Service, Rangeland Resources Research Unit Thunder Basin Grasslands Prairie Ecosystem AssociaHon and Regional Grazing AssociaHons Thunder Basin NaHonal Grassland, USDA-Forest Service
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23 TBRI Project 1: Interactive Effects of Herbivory and Disturbance on Plant Communities
24 Research Objec1ve Assess impacts of cacle, wild ungulate, and small mammal herbivory on plant communi1es, wildlife habitat structure, and livestock produc1on across three types of disturbance: none, historical burn, or prairie dog colony
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28 Small mammal exclosures
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31 Baseline Data 2015 (aka, Year 0) Data Complete Site and exclosure selection and establishment Plant species richness, cover, and composition Herbaceous biomass Vegetation structure (visual obstruction) Shrub cover, density, and browsing Soils descriptions and stability Prepping for data collection in 2016 and 2017
32 TBRI Project 2: Landscape management for mulhple bird guilds
33 Bird Guilds in Thunder Basin SAGEBRUSH Sage Thrasher SHORTGRASS Greater Sage-grouse Mountain Plover Burrowing Owl Not pictured: Sagebrush Sparrow Brewer s Sparrow Grasshopper Sparrow Upland Sandpiper Not pictured: McCown s Longspur MIXED-GRASS
34 Research Ques1ons 1) How do different birds respond to different types of habitat patches? 2) Is there an ophmal configurahon of habitat patches to maximize desirable habitat for all species?
35 - 10 transects on sage grouse leks - 8 points per transect - 10 transects on prairie dog colonies - 41 transects along edges
36 - 10 transects on sage grouse leks - 8 points per transect - 10 transects on prairie dog colonies -8 points per transect - 41 transects along edges
37 - 10 transects on sage grouse leks - 8 points per transect - 10 transects on prairie dog colonies -8 points per transect - 41 transects across edges -5-8 points per transect
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39 Grassland/Sagebrush Bird CommuniHes: Results OVERALL: Western meadowlarks, horned larks, and lark bun1ngs most common species observed (~64% total observa1ons) PRAIRIE DOG COLONY TRANSECTS: horned larks (48% of observa1ons), meadowlarks (17% observa1ons) and mountain plovers (8% of observa1ons) -Over 100 mountain plover observa1ons - 79% observed on colonies >320 ha LEK TRANSECTS: Brewer s sparrows (26%), meadowlarks (25%) and lark bun1ngs (24%) were most common -Sage thrashers were less common, but recorded 64 observa1ons
40 Species Observa1ons Corrected for Survey Effort
41 Vegeta1on cover inside and outside of prairie dog towns
42 Grassland/Sagebrush Bird Communi1es: Next Steps Collect point count and vegeta1on data Analyze effects of local and landscape variables on single species and mul1- species abundance Combine results from analyses to determine ideal configura1on of habitat patches to manage for mul1ple guilds
43 TBGPEA-ARS crew objec1ves: 2016 field season 1. Impacts of long-term rest on plant communihes: sample inside and outside of historical cacle exclosures maintained by USFS and TBGPEA. 2. Impacts of wildfire on songbirds: sample songbirds inside and outside of historical wildfires. 3. Assist with data collec1on for ongoing projects, including TBGPEA vegeta1on transects, nested exclosure project, and overlapping bird habitats project.
44 Many thanks to: TBGPEA and local landowners Co-authors: Derek Scasta, Courtney Duchardt, Lauren Connell, David Augus1ne, Jeff Beck Field Crew: Skye Greenler, Ka1e Surak, Sarah Newton, Lara Grevstad, Megan Gordon, Lauren Connell, Nick Dufek, Kevin Mueller Sampling designs: Billy Armstrong Collaborators: USDA-ARS, UWyo, USFS
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