A LATE ROMAN HALL AT BATTEN HANGER, WEST SUSSEX

Transcription

1 Britannia 47 (2016) A LATE ROMAN HALL AT BATTEN HANGER, WEST SUSSEX By James Kenny, Malcolm Lyne, John Magilton and aul Buckland SULEMENTARY MATERIAL SECTION 1: THE COIN HOARD By Malcolm Lyne The scattered hoard of 41 small bronze coins, all nummi, apart from a single antoninianus of Claudius Gothicus, A.D , of the late fourth to early fifth century, closes with issues of the House of Theodosius of A.D , some of the last bronze coinage to enter Britain in quantity and usually the latest coins to be found on any site (Table 1). This small group can be added to the total of 232 hoards noted by Moorhead and Walton. 1 TABLE 1. COIN CATALOGUE SF No. Description Mint-mark Module Die axes Wear RIC No. Date A.D Claudius Gothicus 18 mm 12/5 EF Obv. IM[.]F AVG Radiate bust Rev. SALVS AVG Draped figure adv. r, holding standard and patera? Barbarous Fel Temp Reparatio 10 mm EF House of Valentinian (?Valens) Obv. Rev. SECVRITASREIUBLICAE and palm OF I LVG (Lyon) 17 mm 12/12 EF Arcadius Obv. DNARCADIVSFAVG Bust draped and pearl diademed Rev. VICTOR IAAVGGG AQ (Aquileia) 12 mm 12/12 VF 46d/c Moorhead and Walton D1

2 ? House of Theodosius Obv. Illegible Rev. [VICTORI]AAVGGG 2982 Valentinian II Obv. DNVALENTINI[ANVSFA VG Rev. VICTOR [IAAVGGG? Theodosius I Obv. DNTHEODOSIVSFAVG Rev. Victory adv. l. holding wreath 2967 Theodosius I Obv. DNTH[EODOSIVSFAVG Rev. VICTOR[IAAVGGG 2996 Arcadius Obv. DNARCADIVSFAVG Rev. VICTORIAAVGGG? Arcadius Obv. DNARCADIVS[FAVG Rev. VICTOR IAAV[GGG? Arcadius Obv. DN]A[RCADIV]S[FAVG Rev. Corroded but?victoriaavggg? Honorius Obv. DNHON[ORIVSFAVG Rev. VICTORIAVGGG Victory adv. l House of Theodosius Rev. VICTORIAAVGGG 2663?House of Theodosius Obv. AQ (Aquileia) TR (Trier) CON (Arles) CON (Arles) TCON (Arles) 12 mm 12/6 Weak strike mm 12/6 EF 97A/ mm EF 30d mm 12/12 EF 30d mm 12/6 EF 30E/ Off flan 12 mm 12/12 F/VF ? 12 mm 12/12 EF Illeg. 12 mm 12/6 EF Christogram/ illeg. (?Aquileia) 11 mm 12/12 VF 387 8? 2 mm 12/6 VF D2

3 Rev. [VICTORIAAVGGG] 2961 House of Theodosius Obv. Bust Rev. [VICTORIAAVGGG]? House of Theodosius Rev. [VICTORIA AVGGG]? Obv. Legend off flan Bust Rev. [VICTORIAAVGGG]? House of Theodosius Rev. VICTORIAAVGGG??House of Theodosius Rev. [VICTORIAAVGGG]? House of Theodosius Rev. [VICTORIAAVGGG] and palm? Obv. ]FAVG Rev. [VICTORIAAVGGG] Victory adv. l.? Valentinian II Obv. [DNVALENTINI]ANVSAVG Rev. SALVSREI VBLICAE Victory adv. l. dragging captive? Theodosius I Obv.DNTHEOD[OSIVSFA VG Rev. SALVSREIVBLICAE Victory adv. l. dragging captive 2580 Arcadius Obv. DNARCADIVSFAVG Rev. SALVSREIUBLICAE Victory adv. l. dragging captive 10 mm (frag.) 12/ ? 11 mm 12/12 EF /V Illeg. (Lyon) 10 mm 395? 11 mm 12/12 VF ? 11 mm Weak strike Off flan 12 mm 12/6 Weak strike Illeg. 10 mm 12/12 EF Christogram/ AQ (Aquileia) Christogram/ CO.. (Constantinople) Christogram/ CON.. (Constantinople) 12 mm 12/6 EF 58a mm 12/6 EF 90b mm 12/6 VF 86c D3

4 ? Illeg. Obv. DN[.]AVG Rev. SALVS REIUBLICAE Victory adv. l. dragging captive? House of Theodosius Rev. [SALVSREIVBL]ICAE Victory adv. l. dragging captive? House of Theodosius Rev. corroded?salvs Reipvblicae? House of Theodosius Rev. [SALVSREI[VBLICAE Victory adv. l. dragging captive? House of Theodosius Rev. [SALVSREIVBLICAE] Victory adv. l. dragging captive? House of Theodosius Rev. [SALVSREIVBL]ICAE? House of Theodosius Rev. [SALVSREIUBLICAE] Victory adv. l. dragging captive? Obv. DN[ Rev. [SALVSREIVBLICAE] Victory adv. l. dragging captive 2581 House of Theodosius Illeg. 3008?House of Theodosius Illeg.??House of Theodosius Illeg. Christogram/ CONS. (Constantinople) Christogram/ illeg. Christogram/ illeg. 12 mm EF mm 12/12 EF mm 12/12 EF Off flan 12 mm 12/6 Corro ded ? 12 mm Worn Illeg. 11 mm 12/6 Weak strike Illeg. Frag. 12/12 EF O/-? (?Nicomedia) 11 mm 12/12 VF mm Corro ded 10 mm Frag. 12 mm Corro ded D4

5 ??House of Theodosius 10 mm Illeg.??House of Theodosius Illeg. 12 mm Weak Illeg. strike 2598 Illeg. 11 mm Worn 2960 Frag. VF Bust Rev. Illeg Not available, but 12 mm Corro Rev. SALVSREIUBLICAE ded? Illeg. 12 mm Corro ded SECTION 2: THE OTTERY By Malcolm Lyne INTRODUCTION The excavation yielded 13,812 sherds (207,474 kg) of pottery, ranging in date from the Middle Iron Age to the fifth century A.D. This paper only deals with key assemblages relating to the demolition of the aisled building and occupation within its successor: the rest will be published elsewhere. 2 METHODOLOGY The various assemblages were quantified by numbers of sherds and weights per fabric. These fabrics were classified using a x8 magnification lens with inbuilt metric graticule in order to determine the natures, forms, sizes and frequencies of added filler inclusions and those already present in the potting clays. Two numbered fabric series were drawn up with the prefixes C for Coarse Roman and F for Fine Roman respectively. Three of the five assemblages relating to the demolition of the aisled hall and the occupation within its successor are large enough for quantification by Estimated Vessel Equivalents (s) based on rim sherds. 3 All vessel diameters in the text below are external at the rim. 2 Lyne in prep. 3 cf. Orton D5

6 THE ASSEMBLAGES The aisled hall Assemblage 1 From the aisled hall destruction deposits (Contexts 37, 214, 215, 222, 225 and 399). These various demolition deposits yielded 783 sherds (24,792 g) of pottery, which were quantified by s (Table 2). For a description of the Fabric Types see Appendix below. TABLE 2. OTTERY ASSEMBLAGE 1 Fabric Jars Bowls Dishes Beakers Store-jars Others Total % C2A C2C C3B (strainers) C4 buff (strainers) C4 grey (strainer) C (fish dish) C CX F1A F1C (mortarium) F4A F5B F5C F6A (mortarium) F7 F11 ES % 10.8% 7.1% 3.5% 4.3% 8.8% D6

7 Alice Holt/Farnham 4 grey wares and the related sandier buff and grey wares from the Overwey kilns 5 are predominant in the s quantification, making up 37 per cent each. The Alice Holt/Farnham grey wares include fragments from at least six type 3B cooking-pots dated c. A.D , a 3C.11 jar with horizontal body rilling (c. A.D ), and one example each of types 5B.4, 5B.8, 5B.9 and 5B.10 bowls (c. A.D , , and respectively). A type 5C.2 strainer (c. A.D ), three type 6A.4 dishes (c. A.D /400+), three 6A.9s, a 6A.12 and a 6C.1 example (c. A.D ) are also present, as are the following (ONLINE FIG. 1): 1. White-slipped type 1.32 jar variant with slack profile and without neck cordon, diameter 120 mm. (One of five) Context Beaded-rim beaker with black slip over exterior and rim top, diameter 70 mm. (One of two) Context 214. The Overwey kiln products consist very largely of horizontally-rilled hook-rim jars, with the few other forms including storage-jars, beaded-and-flanged bowls, convex-sided dishes and strainers (ONLINE FIG. 1): 3. Type 1A.19 narrow-necked jar in sandy brown fabric fired black externally with black slip on shoulder but not on rim, diameter 120 mm. Context Hook-rim jar of Alice Holt/Farnham type 3C, in sandy rough yellow fabric with rim edge greying, diameter 160 mm. c. A.D (One of four) Context Another example with moulded rim in similar fabric fired creamy grey, diameter 140 mm. c. A.D Context Another example fired cream with rim edge blackening, diameter 200 mm. Context Hook-rim jar of type 3C.16 with wavy line scored along rim edge, fired orange-cored yellow with rim edge blackening, diameter 220 mm. c. A.D Context Lyne and Jefferies Clark D7

8 ONLINE FIG. 1. Late Roman pottery from the Batten Hanger villa. Scale 1:4. (Drawn by M. Lyne) 8. Strainer of Alice Holt/Farnham type 5C.3 in coarse grey Overwey fabric with white slip decoration, diameter 180 mm. c. A.D Context 222. Another example, fired buff, comes from Context Strainer in patchy black/cream Overwey fabric, diameter 150 mm. Context 222. D8

9 The Rowland s Castle kilns probably ceased production during the mid-fourth century, 6 but their products in fabric C2A make up 9 per cent of this assemblage. A third of this figure is, however, made up of storage-jar rim fragments from a type of vessel which would have had a long use-life and could have been old at the time of the building s demolition. The other fragments are from everted-rim cooking-pots of Lyne 7 types 2/3J of c. A.D and 2/3K dated c. A.D Fragments from vessels in the similarly-fired but coarser late fourthcentury fabric C2C account for 6 per cent of the pottery: they include those from a variety of everted-rim jars and the following (ONLINE FIG. 1): 10. Beaded-and-flanged dish, fired hard medium grey with both internal and external burnished linear decoration, diameter 160 mm. Context 214. Vessels in Dorset BB1 fabric make up a further 4 per cent of the pottery, including fragments from a beaded-and-flanged bowl with the flange ground off and the following: 11. Undecorated oval dish with handles, in black Dorset BB1 fabric. 8 At least a third of this vessel is present. c. A.D Context 215. Other, minority, wares include examples of Oxfordshire colour-coat dish Young 9 type C45, bowl type C51 and mortarium type C100 (c. A.D , and respectively). The C51 bowl sherd from Context 37 is heavily burnt, with other similarly-burnt fragments of the same vessel coming from destruction Contexts 222 and 225. Other wares include fragments from an East Gaulish samian Dr 45 mortarium (c. A.D ), a New Forest parchment ware bowl of Fulford 10 type 89 (c. A.D ) and the following (ONLINE FIG. 1): 12. Beaded-and-flanged bowl of Lyne type 6A.15, in handmade black Hampshire grogtempered ware 11 with white siltstone grog, rounded <1.00 mm vesicles and occasional flint inclusions, diameter 180 mm. c. A.D Context 37. It is not evident from Table 2 that 246 of the sherds (16,230 g) in the assemblage come from smashed Rowland s Castle and Alice Holt/Farnham grey ware storage jars. Nearly all of these storage jar sherds are from demolition Contexts 215, 222 and 225 and include 89 fragments from a single Alice Holt/Farnham grey ware example with combed herringbone decoration (c. 6 Dicks Lyne cf. Williams 1977, fig. 3, 3. 9 Young Fulford 1975a. 11 Fulford 1975b. D9

10 A.D ), refired red by intense heat and lacking its rim. The Rowland s Castle storagejar fragments are not, however, refired in this manne The latest coins from these demolition deposits are a Victoria Auggg nummus of Theodosius I (A.D ), a Salus Reipublicae example (A.D ) and a Salus Reipublicae copy. These indicate that the demolition of the building took place at the end of the fourth century or later and that the assemblage includes pottery in use at the time of this event and perhaps some thrown into the rubble shortly afterwards. Features associated with and occupation within the late hall Assemblage 2 From the Chalk and mortar layer beneath 533, between Walls 220 and 478, in the late hall (Context 517). The 75 sherd (959 g) pottery assemblage from this context is too small for any kind of meaningful quantification but has a predominance of Alice Holt/Farnham grey wares (64 per cent), with Overwey kilns products making-up a further 28 per cent by sherd count. The Alice Holt/Farnham wares include three refired fragments from a Class 10 beehive with internal ring stamps instead of finger clawing and two everted-rim sherds from Class 3B cooking-pots: one of these rim sherds has also been refired as has the following (ONLINE FIG. 1): 13. Beaded-and-flanged bowl, diameter 140 mm. The Overwey sherds are all from horizontally-rilled jars and include fragments from two of Alice Holt/Farnham type 3C.11 dated to c. A.D , as well as the following (ONLINE FIG. 1): 14. Lid-seated, horizontally-rilled jar fired cream, diameter 140 mm, paralleled at the Overwey kilns c. A.D Another example was present in the pottery assemblage from the poorly-stratified but late Context 17. Fragments in minority fabrics include the base of a jar in handmade Hampshire grog-tempered ware (c. A.D. 270/ ), an abraded fragment of Central Gaulish samian and one each from a Moselkeramik beaker (c. A.D ), 12 a type New Forest purple colour-coat beaker (c. A.D ) and an Oxfordshire red colour-coat C100 mortarium (c. A.D ). This context also yielded a scattered hoard of 41 Theodosian nummi closing in A.D. 395 or possibly Symonds D10

11 Assemblage 3 From the fills of it 130 (Contexts 131, 188, 211 and 233), cut into the footings of the aisled hall. This pit yielded a 482 sherd (5,088 g) assemblage, which was also quantified by s (Table 3). TABLE 3. OTTERY ASSEMBLAGE 3 Fabric Jars Bowls Dishes Beakers Store-jars Others Total % C2A C2C C3B (strainer) (flagon) C C CX F1D (mortarium) F5A F5B F6A F % 12.7% 9.2% 15.2% Most of the pottery in this assemblage comes from the Alice Holt kilns (73 per cent), with very little, residual, Rowland s Castle ware (3 per cent) and a considerably lower percentage of Overwey wares than in Assemblage 1 (9 per cent). Most of the sherds are, however, abraded and probably derived from earlier occupation levels. The Alice Holt wares include fragments from jar types 1.35 and 1.36 (c. A.D ), 17 Class 3B everted-rim cooking-pots (c. A.D ), a horizontally-rilled jar of type 3C.11 (c. A.D ), beaded-and-flanged bowls of types 5B.4 and 5B.8 (c. A.D and respectively), dishes of types D11

12 6A.4, 6A.9 and 6A.10 (c. A.D , and respectively) and a flagon of type 8.11 (c. A.D ). The Overwey wares include fragments from two horizontallyrilled jars, beaded-and-flanged bowls of types 5B.8 and 5B.9 and a convex-sided dish of type 6A.10 (c. A.D ). In amongst these sherds are large fresh fragments from the following two vessels in late fourth- to early fifth-century fabric C2C (ONLINE FIG. 1): 15. Narrow-necked jar, 80 mm in diameter, with spaced bosses on its shoulder, in handmade hard grey fabric with occasional <2.00 mm flint and <1.00 mm black ironstone inclusions. Context Wheel-turned necked-bowl with everted rim, 200 mm in diameter, and girth cordon, in a variant of the same fabric, fired hard grey with profuse <1.00 mm. black ironstone inclusions. Context 131. The sherds from these two vessels are the freshest from the pit, and together make up threequarters of the 12 per cent fabric C2C share of the assemblage; they may be contemporary with its excavation. The fine wares comprise sherds from a beaker in late Rhenish colour-coat fabric F4B (c. A.D ), a beaker in New Forest purple colour-coat fabric F5A (c. A.D ), a flagon or bottle in cream New Forest colour-coat fabric F5B with brown/black colour coat (c. A.D ), a bowl of Young type C75 in Oxfordshire red colour-coat fabric F6A (c. A.D ), a dish of type C45 (c. A.D ) and mortarium and beaker fragments in the same fabric. This pit also yielded a Victoria Auggg nummus of Arcadius (A.D ), a Victoria Auggg copy, 10 minims and an edge fragment from a larger nummus of uncertain date. It is difficult to see how the latter coin could have been broken accidently in this manner: the shape of the break suggests that the piece may have been cut up to create two or more smaller coins similar in size to late Theodosian ones. Coins of this nature are known from elsewhere, such as in the late Theodosian hoard from Combley on the Isle of Wight where two Valentinianic nummi were similarly cut down in size. 13 Assemblage 4 From the fills of it 245, cut into the remains of Wall 338/322, on the opposite side from it 130 (Contexts 240 and 306). This pit is linked with it 130 by its upper fill (Context 240), which extends over the demolition debris from the wall and merges with the fills of that pit. 13 Lyne 2012a. D12

13 The fills yielded 367 sherds (5,872 g) of pottery, which were also quantified by s (Table 4). TABLE 4. OTTERY ASSEMBLAGE 4 Fabric Jars Bowls Dishes Beakers Store-jars Others Total % C2C C3B C (flask) 0.15 (strainers) C C F1A F4A F5A F6A F6C (mortaria) % 14.8% 5.3% 2.2% 0.7% 5.3% Much of the pottery in this assemblage is abraded and probably residual. Alice Holt and Overwey kilns products make up the bulk of the assemblage (72 per cent), and these include fragments from the following (ONLINE FIG. 1): 17. Beaded-and-flanged bowl, diameter 180 mm, of type 5B.6 in Alice Holt greyware with lattice decorated interior over black slip. Context 240. Fragments from a second example were present in the assemblage from the lower fill (Context 306). 18. Another example but of type 5B.10 in similar fabric with similar decoration, diameter 160 mm. Cf. Overwey kilns (Context 306). The use of internal lattice decoration on beaded-and-flanged bowls and convex-sided dishes from the Overwey and Alice Holt kilns is a phenomenon post-dating A.D. 350/370 and is only encountered elsewhere at Batten Hanger in the fill of it 242 cutting Wall 247 of the aisled hall D13

14 (Context 243), demolition debris 175, similar debris south of Wall 478 of the late hall (Context 520) and the rubble spread within that building sealing Context 517 occupation within it (Context 533). All of these contexts appear to relate to the demolition of the aisled building and occupation within its successo Jars in fabric C2C make up a significant 19 per cent of the pottery, with the fragments tending to be fresher than those in Alice Holt grey ware as in the assemblage from it 130 (ONLINE FIG. 1). 19. Large everted-rim jar, diameter 300 mm. Context Another smaller example, diameter 220 mm. Context 240. The minority wares include a very abraded sherd from a BB1 beaded-and-flanged bowl of Lyne type 6/9 (c. A.D. 300/ ), 14 fresh sherds from a C51 bowl in Oxfordshire red colourcoat fabric (c. A.D ) and the following (ONLINE FIG. 1): 21. Jar of Lyne type 6A.6, 15 with stubby everted rim, diameter 80 mm, in black Hampshire grog-tempered ware, c. A.D Context 240. The four coins from this pit include a further three minims. Assemblage 5 From the demolition debris over the fill of wall robbing trench 230 (Context 175). This context produced only 15 sherds, including two from horizontally-rilled jars in Overwey fabric, six in Alice Holt grey ware and the following (ONLINE FIG. 1): 22. Wheel-turned beaded-and-flanged bowl in hard leaden-grey fabric C2C with internal burnished decoration, diameter 220 mm. There are examples in the unpublished pottery assemblages from the Meonstoke villa in Hampshire, with two examples from the ground surface beneath the collapsed gable wall of the aisled hall and one from a context post-dating that event. Two more poorly-stratified examples came from the Chilgrove Wellmeadow villa and may be associated with the late iron-working activity. Context Handmade example, 180 mm in diameter, in grey fabric with profuse <0.30 mm multicoloured quartz-sand filler fired black with maroon-brown margins. It has burnished internal latticing and a slightly in-turned rim similar to those on early fifth-century bowls in ceramique granuleuse from the Ile-de-France. 16 A further example occurs in the 14 Lyne 2012b. 15 Lyne Bertin and Seguier 2011, Type 504. D14

15 unpublished assemblage from Well 2 on the extramural Needlemakers site in St ancras, Chicheste This also has iron slag in its filler, suggesting that these crude vessels were produced at an iron-working site. Context 175. These bowls are unlike any others from the site. The irregular handmade nature of No. 23, and its continental parallels, suggests the possibility that they are both early fifth century in date, and they may relate to occupation within the late hall. The bowls have the same kind of internal burnished decoration as the late fourth- to early fifth-century Alice Holt and Overwey kilns products referred to above. Assemblage 6 From the rubble spread 514/533 over occupation horizon 517 within the late hall. This deposit covers a considerable area within the late hall but only yielded 33 sherds (990 g) of pottery. This, coupled with the fact that the deposit lies immediately below the ploughsoil and may contain intrusive sherds, suggests that the occupation within that building may have eventually become largely, if not completely, aceramic by the time of its final abandonment. DISCUSSION The Batten Hanger villa differs from others in the area, and Chichester itself, in yielding substantial numbers of Theodosian coins. The coinage sequences from the Wellmeadow Chilgrove and Cross Roads Field Chilgrove villas terminate in A.D and respectively and Chichester itself has yielded hardly any coinage later than A.D This has led to the conclusion that the two Chilgrove villas were abandoned well before the end of the fourth century with the caveat that some sort of lower-status occupation may have continued in the ruins of the Wellmeadow villa connected with the production of iron. The author has carried out s quantifications of pottery assemblages from the two Chilgrove villas, the Watergate Hanger and UpMarden villas, and sites in Chichester as part of his hd thesis 17 and also as part of pottery reports for the Shippam s Social Club site in Chicheste 18 The pottery assemblage from the ruined bath block at Chilgrove Wellmeadow had Alice Holt/Farnham industry grey ware products making up 52 per cent of it, Rowland s Castle and BB1 products 17 Lyne Lyne in press. D15

16 a further 10 per cent each and late handmade grog-tempered wares from the Hampshire Basin 3 per cent; Overwey/ortchester D oxidised wares are absent. This absence, coupled with the significant percentages of BB1 and Rowland s Castle ware products, suggests that this is an early fourth-century assemblage, and supports the coin evidence in indicating that significant occupation on the site terminated in the A.D. 350s. The pottery from the H4 area occupation within the Chilgrove Cross Roads Field aisled barn was also quantified, and this had Alice Holt/Farnham grey ware products making up a very similar percentage to that at the Wellmeadow villa (53 per cent). Overwey/ortchester D and late handmade grog-tempered wares are nominally present (2 per cent each) and BB1 products are absent. Rowland s Castle wares account for only 3 per cent of the assemblage, but vessels in coarse local fabric C2C make their appearance (8 per cent). This is also in keeping with the abandonment date during the third quarter of the fourth century arrived at from the coinage. It should be said at this stage that some Overwey/ortchester D wares were produced alongside grey wares in Alice Holt Forest and have been found on the late waster dumps AH17, 25, 26, 29, 33, 61/63, 68 and 71; the few Overwey/ortchester D vessels in this assemblage may well be Alice Holt products. All this can be compared with the breakdown of the pottery assemblage associated with the demolition of the aisled hall at Batten Hanger at the end of the fourth century (Assemblage 1). Here we see a great increase in the percentage of Overwey/ortchester D oxidised and grey ware products and a corresponding decline in those coming from the Alice Holt kilns. Nevertheless, when the two related sources are combined, they make up 75 per cent of the pottery in the entire assemblage. The Rowland s Castle sherds nearly all come from storagejars, which could have stood in a corner for a century or more: vessels in the local fabric C2C are present in small quantities (6 per cent). It is probable that most of the Overwey/ortchester D oxidised wares now come from the Overwey kilns themselves as most of the jar rims have the moulding and decoration associated with products from that source. The occupiers of the late hall seem to have initially been supplied with pottery in a similar manner, although the only significant pottery assemblage from within that building is too small for meaningful quantification. The assemblages from its 130 and 245 dug into the ruins of the aisled hall do, however, suggest that a change in pottery supply took place with far less being used and nearly all coming from the local source or sources producing both handmade and wheel-turned vessels in fabric C2C variants. We do not have absolute dating for this fifth-century occupation, but the unstratified coin of Valentinian III, minted A.D , indicates that activity was still taking place on the site well into the second quarter of the fifth D16

17 century and perhaps later still. It also suggests that the occupiers of the Batten Hanger building were still trading with the Western Roman Empire. It is probable that occupation within the late hall eventually became aceramic, as suggested by the few fragments of pottery in Assemblage 6. AENDIX: THE FABRICS Coarse wares C2A. Rowland s Castle ware. 19 C2C. Similar fabric but with coarse black ironstone and brown ferrous inclusions. A late fourth-century fabric of uncertain but local origin. C3B. Alice Holt/Farnham grey ware with white/black slip bands. 20 C4. Overwey/ortchester D buff and grey wares. 21 C5. BB1. 22 C7. Hampshire grog-tempered ware. 23 Fine and specialised wares F1A. Central Gaulish samian. F1C. East Gaulish samian. F4A. Moselkeramik. 24 F5A. New Forest purple colour-coat fabric. 25 F5B. New Forest parchment ware. F6A. Oxfordshire red colour-coat. 26 F6C. Oxfordshire white-slipped ware. F7. Lower Nene Valley colour-coat. F11. Sand-free grey ware. BIBLIOGRAHY Bertin,., and Sequier, J.-M. 2011: Les ceramiques granuleuses (ou rugueuses) en Ile-de-France au Bas- Empire, in. Van Ossel (ed.), Les céramiques de l Antiquité tardive en Ile-de-France et dans le Bassin parisien, Dioecesis Galliarum 9, aris, Dicks Lyne and Jefferies Clark cf. Williams 1977, fig. 3, Fulford 1975b. 24 Symonds Fulford 1975a. 26 Young D17

18 Clark, A.J. 1950: The fourth-century Romano-British pottery kilns at Overwey, Tilford, Surrey Archaeological Collections 51, Dicks, J. 2009: The Rowland s Castle Romano-British pottery industry, Journal of Roman ottery Studies 14, Fulford, M.G. 1975a: New Forest Roman ottery, BAR British Series 17, Oxford Fulford, M.G. 1975b: The pottery, in B.W. Cunliffe, Excavations at ortchester Castle, I: Roman, Reports of the Research Committee of the Society of Antiquaries of London, London, Lyne, M.A.B. 1994: Late Roman Handmade Wares in South-East Britain, unpub. hd thesis, University of Reading Lyne, M.A.B. 2012a: Numismatics, in D.J. Tomalin, R.D. Loader and R.G. Scaife (eds), Coastal Archaeology in a Dynamic Environment, BAR British Series 568, Oxford, Lyne, M.A.B. 2012b: The late Iron Age and Roman black burnished ware pottery, in L. Ladle, Excavations at Bestwall Quarry, Wareham , 2: The Iron Age and Later Landscape, Dorset Natural History and Archaeological Society Monograph 20, Dorchester, Lyne, M.A.B. in press: A corpus of Rowland s Castle greyware forms, in J. Taylor, Excavations at Shippam s Social Club, Chichester, re-construct Archaeology Monograph, London Lyne, M.A.B. in prep.: The pottery from Watergate Hanger, West Marden 1984 and 1986, itlands Farm, UpMarden and Batten Hanger, Chilgrove villas, in J. Magilton,.C. Buckland, J. Kenny and M.A.B. Lyne in prep., A Roman Villa at Batten Hanger, West Sussex Lyne, M.A.B., and Jefferies, R.S. 1979: The Alice Holt/Farnham Roman ottery Industry, CBA Research Report 30, London Moorhead, S., and Walton,. 2014: Coinage at the end of Roman Britain, in F.K. Haarer, with R. Collins, K. Fitzpatrick-Matthews, S. Moorhead, D. etts and. Walton (eds), AD 410: The History and Archaeology of Late and ost-roman Britain, London, Orton, C.J. 1975: Quantitative pottery studies, some progress, problems and prospects, Science and Archaeology 16, 30 5 Symonds, R : Rhenish Wares. Fine Dark Coloured ottery from Gaul and Germany, Oxford University Committee for Archaeology Monograph 23, Oxford Williams, D.F. 1977: The Romano-British black-burnished industry: an essay on characterization by heavy mineral analysis, in D..S. eacock (ed.), ottery and Early Commerce. Characterization and Trade in Roman and Later Ceramics, London, Young, C.J. 1977: Oxfordshire Roman ottery, BAR British Series 43, Oxford D18