oxford studies on the roman economy URBAN CRAFTSMEN AND TRADERS IN THE ROMAN WORLD edited by Andrew Wilson & Miko Flohr

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1 2 oxford studies on the roman economy URBAN CRAFTSMEN AND TRADERS IN THE ROMAN WORLD edited by Andrew Wilson & Miko Flohr

2 OXFORD STUDIES ON THE ROMAN ECONOMY General Editors ALAN BOWMAN ANDREW WILSON

3 OXFORD STUDIES ON THE ROMAN ECONOMY This innovative monograph series reflects a vigorous revival of interest in the ancient economy, focusing on the Mediterranean world under Roman rule (c.100 BC to AD 350). Carefully quantified archaeological and documentary data are integrated to help ancient historians, economic historians, and archaeologists think about economic behaviour collectively rather than from separate perspectives. The volumes include a substantial comparative element and thus will be of interest to historians of other periods and places.

4 Urban Craftsmen and Traders in the Roman World Edited by ANDREW WILSON and MIKO FLOHR 1

5 3 Great Clarendon Street, Oxford, OX2 6DP, United Kingdom Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries Oxford University Press 2016 The moral rights of the author have been asserted First Edition published in 2016 Impression: 1 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, by licence, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above You must not circulate this work in any other form and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer Published in the United States of America by Oxford University Press 198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016, United States of America British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Data available Library of Congress Control Number: ISBN Printed Great Britain by Clays Ltd, St Ives plc Links to third party websites are provided by Oxford in good faith and for information only. Oxford disclaims any responsibility for the materials contained in any third party website referenced in this work.

6 Preface The chapters in this volume have their origin in a workshop organized by the Oxford Roman Economy Project and held at Wolfson College, Oxford, United Kingdom, July The workshop, entitled Beyond Marginality: Craftsmen, Traders and the Socio-Economic History of Roman Urban Communities, was funded by the European Science Foundation as an ESF exploratory workshop, and brought together researchers from nine different countries with the aim of exploring the topic of Roman urban crafts and trades and to build bridges between different national scholarly traditions and disciplines (ancient history, archaeology, epigraphy, papyrology). Like the workshop from which it originates, this volume focuses on four key themes: the history of research, economic strategies of craftsmen and traders, the position of crafts and trade in urban space, and craftsmen and traders in their social environment. We thank the ESF for the exploratory workshop grant that made the workshop possible, all the speakers who took part and subsequently contributed papers, and also Prof. Kristin Kuutma (Helsinki), who acted as the ESF observer and rapporteur. We are grateful to the staff of Wolfson College for their practical assistance during the workshop, and also to All Souls College for the provision of accommodation for some speakers. As ever, we are extremely grateful to Baron Lorne Thyssen for his continued support of the Oxford Roman Economy Project. Andrew Wilson Miko Flohr August 2015

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8 Contents List of Figures List of Tables List of Abbreviations List of Contributors ix xiii xiv xv Introduction 1 Miko Flohr and Andrew Wilson I APPROACHES 1. Roman Craftsmen and Traders: Towards an Intellectual History 23 Miko Flohr and Andrew Wilson 2. Twentieth-Century Italian Scholarship on Roman Craftsmen, Traders, and their Professional Organizations 55 Carla Salvaterra and Alessandro Cristofori 3. The Archaeology of Roman Urban Workshops: A French Approach? 77 Jean-Pierre Brun II STRATEGIES 4. Mercantile Specialization and Trading Communities: Economic Strategies in Roman Maritime Trade 97 Candace Rice 5. Driving Forces for Specialization: Market, Location Factors, Productivity Improvements 115 Kai Ruffing 6. Fashionable Footwear: Craftsmen and Consumers in the North-West Provinces of the Roman Empire 132 Carol van Driel-Murray 7. Contextualizing the Operational Sequence: Pompeian Bakeries as a Case Study 153 Nicolas Monteix III PEOPLE 8. Disciplina, patrocinium, nomen: The Benefits of Apprenticeship in the Roman World 183 Christel Freu

9 viii Contents 9. Women, Trade, and Production in Urban Centres of Roman Italy 200 Lena Larsson Lovén 10. Freedmen and Agency in Roman Business 222 Wim Broekaert 11. The Social Organization of Commerce and Crafts in Ancient Arles: Heterogeneity, Hierarchy, and Patronage 254 Nicolas Tran 12. Hierapolis and its Professional Associations: A Comparative Analysis 278 Ilias Arnaoutoglou IV SPACE 13. Working Together: Clusters of Artisans in the Roman City 301 Penelope Goodman 14. Spatial Concentration and Dispersal of Roman Textile Crafts 334 Kerstin Droß-Krüpe 15. Industry and Commerce in the City of Aquincum 352 Orsolya Láng 16. The Potters of Ancient Sagalassos Revisited 377 Jeroen Poblome Index 405