Information Systems and Different Domain, Functionalities and Types: A Conceptual Study

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Pinnacle Mathematics & Computer Science http:/www.pjpub.org Author(s) 2014. CC Attribution 3.0 License.

1 Pinnacle Mathematics & Computer Science Author(s) CC Attribution 3.0 License. Research Article Volume 2014 (2014) Information Systems and Different Domain, Functionalities and Types: A Conceptual Study Accepted 10 January, 2014 Prantosh Kumar Paul FBAS, Bengal Engineering and Science University, Shibpur, WB, India. ABSTRACT Information Systems is one of the important name in the field of Management and Technology. Information Systems is actually combination of some sub systems and dedicated to so many Information Activities; such as collection, selection, organization and processing of information. Information Systems is valuable entity in today's information age. Information Systems is most important and valuable tool for al most all type of organization and institution. Information Systems and its scientific development, today brings so many area and dimension to it; now we may see many types of Information Systems for several organization and domain and functionalities. This paper is comes with main aim and objective of Information Systems; find out latest about several types, domain based types as generally we treat Information Systems as a same entity rather than its versatility. Keywords: Information, Informatics, Information Systems, Information Systems, Information Management, IT, Computing, Sub Systems, Knowledge, Management Science, Institutional Information Systems, and Domain based Information Systems I. INTRODUCTION Information Systems is a kind of information foundation and combination of some small information establishment and institution such as Data Center or Information Center. Information Systems is a big Information Networks responsible in information solution of general information seeker and decision making in case of its uses in organization and modern corporate houses [02, 08]. Information Systems is dedicated to domain to when Information Systems is established on a particular domain or subject is called domain or subject Information Systems and that may be established on Science, Arts and Humanities, Technology and so on. Though domain based Information Systems may also establish on a particular subject such as Nuclear Information Systems, Medical Information Systems, Food Information Systems and so on. Information Systems is an integral part of today's organization and institutions and basically responsible for several information processing and management task[03, 10,14]. Organizational task, departmental task, decision making, internationalization, report generation all these task today purely depends on Information Systems. However, today's Information Systems depends in so many tools and technologies; thus it is an important part of contemporary organization and establishment. Fig: 1- Various perception about Information Systems depending upon uses, Corresponding Author: Prantosh Kumar Paul FBAS, Bengal Engineering and Science University, Shibpur, WB, India. address: prantoshkpaul@gmail.com

2 Pinnacle Mathematics & Computer Science Page 2 II. OBJECTIVE The main aim as well as objective of this conceptual study is includes; but not limited to as follows:- To learn about Information Systems, its nature and characteristics and importance; To find out the latest about Information Systems and about Institutional Information Systems; To learn about Domain based Information Systems and its emerging scenario; To learn about emerging tools, techniques and technologies in the field of information and knowledge systems. III. INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND ITS ESTABLISHMENT AND INSTITUTIONS Information Systems may be classified as so many ways based on location and geographical periphery, subject and discipline, functionalities, mode of operation and so on based on several criteria. Information Systems; which are established internationally and connected and shared of its several sub system in various Nation is called International Information Systems. Like this, Information Systems established within a Nation and its subsystem is called National Information Systems. National Information Systems is responsible for several Information Activities within Nation [15, 16]. Regional Information Systems are established, managed and connected with several point within a region or locality. This kind of Information Systems is helpful for direct communication of common people and general stakeholders. UNISIST, INIS are the example of International Information Systems; where NISSAT is an example of National Information Systems, SREI Sahajtathys Mitra Kendra is an example of Regional Information Systems located in West Bengal [20, 21]. Fig: 2-Depicted main types of Information Systems with various parameters at a glance Though, apart from these, Information Systems are also established based on functionalities and most of the cases such Information Systems are computer and technology dependent. Now lets look about such Information Systems one by one:- Strategic Information Systems- Strategic Information Systems are those which is used for strategic dealing and organizational cases. Strategic Information Systems are useful for complex and technical problems and their solution. Decision Support Systems- DIS is an important type of Information Systems responsible for decision making and corporate strategic solution. This is useful in the critical cases and useful mainly in profit making venture. Data Warehousing, Data Mining play an important role for managing sophisticated Decision Support Systems. Executive Information Systems- Executive Information Systems it self denotes that, such kind of information mechanism mainly responsible for several activities of the organization and mainly deals by the CEO, MD, Director, Manager and similar Executives of an organization. Management Information Systems- Management Information Systems are those mainly responsible for overall information infrastructure as well as Management

Pinnacle Mathematics & Computer Science Page 3 of an organization and institution. It is applicable in both, manual Information Systems and conceptual Information Systems.

3 Pinnacle Mathematics & Computer Science Page 3 of an organization and institution. It is applicable in both, manual Information Systems and conceptual Information Systems. Expert Systems, DBMS are needed for proper Management Information Systems [24, 29]. However, apart from these, Functional Information Systems are also needed depending upon organization and institutions. Information Systems are also classified based on operation. The Information Systems which are run and managed with manual tools is called Manual Information Systems or simply as ' Information Systems'; these are run with some techniques such as classification, cataloguing, indexing and abstracting and general documentation practice. Computed Information Systems are those which are run and govern by the computing and techniques such as Database, Networking, Data warehousing, and Multimedia Systems and so on[30, 32]. IV. DOMAIN WISE ESTABLISHMENT Information Systems may also established on a specific domain and discipline; such kind of Information Systems serve information activities like- information collection, selection, organization, processing, management and dissemination of any particular discipline or domain such as Science, Humanities, Commerce, Medicine, Agriculture, Dentistry and so on. Such kind of Information Systems basically connected with small Information Systems and makes Information Networks [09, 10, 12]. This kind of Information Systems are very much helpful for development of knowledge regarding the field, promotion of R/D activities, development in academic practice and general information seeking by the common people. Fig: 3-Broader role of Information Systems for several entities at a glance Domain based Information Systems; however may also established on a particular subject such as Information Systems for Nutrition; Information Systems for Rural Development and so on. Domain based Information Systems are basically not responsible to provide information directly to the user; rather it connected to small Information Systems or Information Centre and from there any information seeker can get needed information. However, Subject based Information Systems may be offered information to use or general information seeker; directly [15, 17, 26]. Information Systems related to domain or subject based may be manual Knowledge Organization tools based or may be technology

4 Pinnacle Mathematics & Computer Science Page 4 dependent and works with Information Retrieval Systems and other technologies such as networking, database, communication technology, multimedia technology and other technologies. V. FINDINGS Information Systems may be classified several way and act as apex information agency in all most all the sector; Information Systems are changing their role and getting more technology biased day by day; Information Systems which are mission based Rail Information Systems, Air Information Systems, Traffic Information Systems and similar are responsible and important for their valuable performance; Information Systems and similar information foundation play an important role for overall information infrastructure development and thus, Information Systems may ultimately helps community and societal development; It helps general information seeker, academia, researcher and others. VI. CONCLUSION Technologies are changing; today several technologies such as Networking, Database, Multimedia, Communication and more advance technologies such as Cloud Computing, Human Computer Interaction, Usability Engineering playing important role for healthy Information Systems building. Apart from these technologies some more such as Big Data Management, Data Warehousing, Data Intelligence playing valuable role for building and functioning Mission based Information Systems. Information Systems and its increasing number are helpful for development of so many activities such as Society, Economy, Politics, Medium and General Community Development [04, 18, 22]. In many countries we can see so many Information Center but they are not connected properly; thus connecting them and building Information Systems may be a wonderful solution for building Informative Global Village. REFERENCE 1. Cohen, E. B. (2004). 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5 Pinnacle Mathematics & Computer Science Page 5 Science and System Analysis, Page , Vol. 6, No. 2, July-Dec. 2012,SP, ISSN Chief Editor-NS Chaudhari, NTU, Singapore 17. Prantosh Kr. Pau1, Roheet Bhatnagar, Mobile Adhoc Network: Emphasizing Possible Threats to Future Information Scientist and Technologist International Journal of Computer Science and System Analysis, Page , Vol. 6, No. 2, July-Dec. 2012,SP, ISSN Chief Editor-NS Chaudhari, NTU, Singapore 18. Prantosh Kumar Paul, S Govindarajan, Information Scientist: Building sophisticated Technology Centric Information Infrastructure For All Round Socio-Economic Development International Journal of Social Sciences,ISSN , Page July-Dec, 2012, New Delhi Publisher, New Delhi. 19. Paul,Prantosh Kumar, R Rajesh, D Chatterjee, M K Ghose Information Scientist: Technological and Managerial Skill requirement in 21st century in Information Studies Vol. 19, No. 1, January, 2013, RCIS,Chennai, Page-29-36, ISSN Paul,Prantosh Kumar,R Rajesh,D Chaterjee, R Senthamarai, A Kumar, S Chaterjee Usability Engineering: Contemporary Overview with specialreference to its possible & emerging utilisation in the academic and industrial field of Information Science (IS) Journal of Emerging Technology in Mechanical Science and Engineering, Vol. 4, No. 1, March, 2013, ISSN , NI University, Kanyakumai, TN, India 21. Paul, Prantos Paul, Prantosh Kumar Business Informatics: Emerging Domain of Interdisciplinary Information Science with Possibilities in I-Schools IJMT, Vol.3 No.2 July-December 2013, pp , International Science Press 22. Paul, Prantosh Kumar, Jhuma Ganguly, M Ghosh, Medical Information Science: Overview and a model curriculum of MSc-Information Science [Medical Information Science] Submitted for Current Trends in Biotechnology and Chemical Research, Vol. 3 No. 1, ISSN , Page [Indexed in DOAJ, Index Copernicus, Google Scholar, CAS-USA] 23. Reichman, F. (1961). Notched Cards. In R. Shaw (Ed.), The state of the library art04(01), pp ). New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers, The State University, Graduate School of Library Service. 24. Saracevic, T. (1996). Relevance reconsidered. Information science: Integration in perspectives. In Proceedings of the Second Conference on Conceptions of Library and Information Science (pp ), Copenhagen, Denmark: Royal School of Library and Information Science. 25. Saracevic, T. (1975). Relevance: A review of and a framework for the thinking on the notion in information science. Journal of the American Society of Information Science, 26(6), Saracevic, T. (1979a). An essay on the past and future of information science education. I. Historical overview. Information Processing &Management, 15(1), Saracevic, T. (1979b). An essay on the past and future of information science education. II. Unresolved problems of extemalities of education Information Processing & Management, 15(4), Vakkari, S.P. (1996). Library and information science: Content and scope. In J. Olaisen, E. Munch-Petersen, & P. Wilson (Eds.), Information science: From development of the discipline to social interaction. Oslo, Norway: Scandinavian University Press. 29. Vickery, B.C., & Vickery, A. (1987). Information science in theory and practice. London: Butterworths. 30. Wersig, G., & Neveling, U. (1975). The phenomena of interest to information science. Information Scientist, 9, White, H.D., & McCain, K.W. (1997). Visualization of literatures. Annual Review of Information Science and Technology, 32,

ABHINAV NATIONAL MONTHLY REFEREED JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

ABHINAV NATIONAL MONTHLY REFEREED JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY INFORMATION SYSTEMS: FROM MEANING TO ITS CHANGING DOMAIN AT A GLANCE Prantosh Kumar Paul FBAS, Bengal Engineering & Science University, Howrah, West Bengal, India Email: prantoshkpaul@gmail.com ABSTRACT