Training Course on Science, Technology and Innovation Policies for SADC countries

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1 Training Course on Science, Technology and Innovation Policies for SADC countries

Overall idea and structure The aim of the activity is capacity building in administrations responsible for policies on higher education, research and innovation in the participating African countries.

2 Overall idea and structure The aim of the activity is capacity building in administrations responsible for policies on higher education, research and innovation in the participating African countries. At the end of the two workshops each participant should have (a) a sound overview of the state of art concepts and methods in this field (first workshop), (b) digged and discussed issues that are most relevant for his/her country and acquired key elements about policy portfolios and methods concerning those issues in order to apply their knowledge and skills for their own countries. The training aims at building up policy capacity in SADC countries, exposing the participants from SADC countries to the fast changing world of policies associated with higher education, research and innovation and enable them to develop strategies for their own domestic contexts. The course will lead to a certificate. The course is organised in four sequences over an 11 month period: I. A first five-day teaching course will enable present and discuss why, facing the overall challenge of national innovation capabilities, the three sectoral policies are now more and more associated, what types of new instruments are developed and/or mobilised, what new policy mixes emerge, what changes in overall governance are witnessed. The course will take place October 1 to October , Pretoria. II. Participants will then select an issue, make a review of on-going developments and compose a concrete strategy or implementation paper, proposing new directions and concrete actions that might relevant for their countries. This personal work will be supported by two mentors and by an interim work-in-progress workshop taking place February 5 to 8, 2013, Pretoria. III. These strategy papers will build the core of a policy conference May 6, 2013 to May 10, 2013 in Pretoria aiming at discussing potential new directions and policy mixes for the different member countries. IV. The final version of the strategy paper will be delivered as a report as the basis for the certificate by end of June 2013.

3 INTRODUCTION Science and technology influence society as never before. Scientific achievements continue to expand the frontier of knowledge at a sustained pace and increasingly contribute to technological progress that affects our ways of living and working. Convinced that science, technology and innovation are critical to the development and economic growth of the continent, in January 2007, the Heads of State and Government of the African Union endorsed the Consolidated Plan of Action for Science and Technology in Africa and adopted the Addis Ababa Declaration on Scientific Research for Development. The CPA outlines programmes and specific policy issues and stressed the need for building the continent s capacities to harness, apply and develop science and technology in order to eradicate poverty, fight diseases, stem environmental degradation, and improve economic competitiveness. The CPA erected on three interrelated conceptual pillars. These are: (a) capacity building (b) knowledge production, and (c) technological innovation. Capacity building in this context refers to the creation, improvement and mobilization of human skills, physical infrastructures, financial resources and the necessary policies for science and technology to be produced and used to solve specific African problems. Recent years have marked a new era of institutional stability in the SADC region. In keeping with the need to develop competitive capacity and capability as well as a long-term view for the role of science and technology (S&T) in industrial development, SADC Ministers of Science and Technology expressed the need to further develop institutional and S&T policy capacity in the region through training in science and technology policy. In December 2008 the SADC Science and Technology Ministers endorsed the Science Policy training for SADC Senior officials, and mandated South Africa to lead the process towards the initiation of the training. UNESCO was contacted to ensure a balanced approach in putting forward the different aspects to science, technology and innovation policy internationally. The role of UNESCO in STI policy is threefold: a think tank on policy development; a guide for national policy reforms; and a catalyst for regional and international cooperation. UNESCO cooperates with African Member States in formulating their S&T policies, strategies and plans as well as in the reform of their S&T systems by bringing to light policy options for the governance of S&T systems in the global and national context; supporting participatory policy formulation and/or reviews to improve the management of S&T effort at the national level.

Africa is one of the two global priorities at UNESCO and the Organization has accompanied the AU in these efforts to put science and technology on the agenda for the economic development of the

UNESCO cooperates with Member States in the formulation STI policies based on credible information through the collection and use of STI data, with the UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS).

4 Africa is one of the two global priorities at UNESCO and the Organization has accompanied the AU in these efforts to put science and technology on the agenda for the economic development of the African continent. To date over 25 African member States have requested assistance from UNESCO, via their Governments, for the review and reformulation of their national STI policies. UNESCO cooperates with Member States in the formulation STI policies based on credible information through the collection and use of STI data, with the UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS). This involves building of national statistical capacity; training of national personnel, and provision of advice and support to in-country statistical activities. Capacity building in STI policy review and or reformulation and evidence based policy was conducted through 4 sub-regional workshops across the continent between UNESCO in collaboration with the Manchester Institute of Innovation Research (MIoIR) will be expected to deliver the training modules and tutor the participants online on specific themes particularly relevant to the Member States This will enable all participants to acquire knowledge on different themes relating to STI policy such as IP issues, university technology transfer, monitoring and evaluating STIP etc. MIoIR will also build capacity in one of the SADC universities, namely, the University of Zimbabwe (selected through a tender procedure), to take the course forward with the view that the SADC university will in the long-term elevate the training to a post-graduate course. This course will run for one year and highlight changes in the global environment to focus on ongoing transformations in policy mixes (and the portfolio of policy instruments), the growing role of demand driven policies (within which procurement policies is an important component), capacity building and the central role of universities, evolving regional dimensions and the evolution of policymaking / policy processes (including the use of foresight and vision shaping, changing nature and role of indicators, professionalization of implementation, repositioning of evaluation in the policy cycle). Special focus will be made on the role of public debates, in the African context (and corresponding transformations of national policies and organisations) and the fast changing role of public research organisations.

Target Group The course is targeted at high and medium level policy makers from ministries and agencies responsible for Higher Education, science and innovation in the SADC countries.

5 Target Group The course is targeted at high and medium level policy makers from ministries and agencies responsible for Higher Education, science and innovation in the SADC countries. The rationale of the course In all countries, innovation is more and more considered as a central resource and feature for further development. This has given rise to the emergence of policies centred on boosting the innovative capacities of firms, public sector organisations and societal groups. These policies have to take into account our enlarged understanding of innovation processes, which can be summed up in four considerations: First, innovation is a complex, multi-faceted process. It is often drawing on science and research, but often also stems from other sources and interactions. In any case, innovation processes are seldom simply linear, and while a sound and suitable science system can be an important source of innovation, investing in public research is not enough to generate new innovations. Second, the notion of open innovation emphasises a second central aspect, the involvement of multiple actors in the innovation process (both public and private, academic and industrial, producers and users), thus the importance of interfaces, interactions and collaborations and of institutional settings and incentives that nurture them. One of these is associated to knowledge thickness and the need for proximity between actors in the innovation process. This has driven policies to foster on two main forms of proximity: geographical warranting the support of clusters, and sector-based, driving to a renewed interest in industry collective research centres and in mission oriented organisations. Third, innovation is not always technological, the notion of new business models captures the importance of the non technological dimensions and to the inter-linkage of the product and service dimensions in any innovation. Finally, innovation depends on human capital. Though self-evident, it has taken a long time before this has been properly recognised in policy-making, putting higher education and universities at the core of innovation policies, less for their ability to generate and transfer knowledge than for providing innovating actors with the adequately trained human resources. Each of those four dimensions can be addressed individually, but we also have learned that performance is less an issue of each actor or each dimension but of their relevant combination and articulation in innovation systems. There is thus a central issue for Governments to ensure an in-depth understanding of the systemic situation and the overall regulatory and infrastructural framework conditions of their countries, to develop a vision of the overall direction and of the policy-mix that corresponds to it, before individual policies and instruments can be deployed productively.

Delivering the training: the initial 5- days course Core content The course draws upon the annual course the Manchester Institute of Innovation Research delivers on recent developments on policies

This course highlights changes in the global environment to focus on going transformations in policy mixes (and the portfolio of policy instruments), on the growing role of demand driven policies

processes (including the use of foresight and vision shaping, changing nature and role of indicators, professionalisation of implementation, repositioning of evaluation in the policy cycle).

organisations) and on the fast changing role of public research organisations.

6 Delivering the training: the initial 5- days course Core content The course draws upon the annual course the Manchester Institute of Innovation Research delivers on recent developments on policies for higher education, research and innovation (traditional acronym: STIP course). This course highlights changes in the global environment to focus on going transformations in policy mixes (and the portfolio of policy instruments), on the growing role of demand driven policies (within which procurement policies is an important component), on capacity building and the central role of universities, on evolving regional dimensions and on the evolution of policymaking / policy processes (including the use of foresight and vision shaping, changing nature and role of indicators, professionalisation of implementation, repositioning of evaluation in the policy cycle). Depending upon the audience specific foci are made on the role of public debates, on the Europeanisation process (and lessons from corresponding transformations of national policies and organisations) and on the fast changing role of public research organisations. Most of the sessions are made of one synthetic lecture about the state of the art and on-going changes, and of cases that enable to discuss one change in a more tangible and practical way. Our ambition in this course for SADC countries is to keep the overall STIP approach, but strongly contextualising basic notions of innovation and science systems, and offering each day afternoon group discussion sessions to better understand and characterise how important these issues are for African countries (or subsets of them), how they are raised and addressed, what the central problems are, etc. Interactions with participants in this training course will be central to the overall performance of the process. Organisation of the teaching week The week is thus organised around 5 themes, one per day: 3 dealing with overall transformations in systems and models, capability building and on the supportive environment 1 dealing with policy processes focusing on approaches to strategic intelligence 1 dealing with policy-mixes. Each day (9 am to 5 pm) will be introduced by an overall positioning lecture (30 minutes max) and composed of a set of 2-3 two hours topical lecture sessions. Each day will also give room for group work ( pm). Ample opportunities will be given to participants to engage with course teachers about their own policy-oriented problems in two so-called clinics Tuesday and Wednesday after dinner. Friday afternoon will conclude the week with discussions on individual projects and a summary session.

Continuous learning: individual work, mentoring and mid -term methodology workshop Key themes covered in the teaching week Monday: Introduction; Innovation systems; and policy structures Tuesday:

standards and fiscal) and a focus on demand-based and sub-national policies Regulation and fiscal measures, Demand Side Policies, Regional Policies Thursday: strategic intelligence with sessions of

Individual projects, Wrap up To get a certificate, participants will have to produce an individual piece of work. The process is designed to accompany them in this personal investment.

7 Continuous learning: individual work, mentoring and mid -term methodology workshop Key themes covered in the teaching week Monday: Introduction; Innovation systems; and policy structures Tuesday: Capability building with a focus on universities and sector/technology oriented research organisations Wednesday: Friendly environment for innovation with an overview of classical instruments (IP, standards and fiscal) and a focus on demand-based and sub-national policies Regulation and fiscal measures, Demand Side Policies, Regional Policies Thursday: strategic intelligence with sessions of foresight, evaluation and positioning indicators Strategic Intelligence, Foresight, Constructive Technology Assessment, Evaluation and Policy Learning, Positioning indicators Friday: Policy Mixes, Individual projects, Wrap up To get a certificate, participants will have to produce an individual piece of work. The process is designed to accompany them in this personal investment. This piece will focus on the policy issue / theme they will have selected by the end of the first week training course. The objective is to produce on that issue or theme, a strategic paper analysing the situation, identifying policy options and developing an argumentation for the selection of the most relevant policy option and mix for their country and suggest concrete implementation mechanisms. The nature of the papers will vary, but all are supposed to make a concrete difference in their country, to be implemented. We expect this work to take participants around 6 months to be developed. Each participant will have two lecturing staff as designated mentors, one form MBS and one from University of Zimbabwe. The e-learning facilities of the University of Manchester will enable participants to get access to the resources of the University, and facilitate exchanges. To support this process, participants will be official virtual visitors to the Manchester Institute of Innovation Research. Finally, an intermediary methodology-oriented workshop will be organised to address the methodological problems faced by participants. Delivering the training: valorising individual work in a final policy workshop The individual strategy papers will build the core of the policy conference in May The course participants will present their papers in thematic sessions. The presentations will be complemented by key note speeches on key themes developed by the projects. The presentations and the reports will be uploaded on the website of the course to build a repository of policy strategy options for SADC countries.

The Manchester lecturing team and the Manchester Institute of Innovation

the Manchester Institute of Innovation Research plus Prof.

researching around the topics to be covered in the course and published

Kate Barker, Seniour Lecturer, MIOIR Kate will focus on STI policy

Kieron Flanagan, Lecturer Kieron will lecture on policy mix, and demand

as a renown scholar on innovation in services Prof Arie Rip, emer.

focus on demand side policies and system aspects of policy Prof.

8 The Manchester lecturing team and the Manchester Institute of Innovation Research (MIoIR) The lecturing team is comprised of seven senior staff of the Manchester Institute of Innovation Research plus Prof. Arie Rip, emeritus Professor, University of Twente and Prof. Philippe Laredo, University of Paris. All of the lecturers have many years of experience in teaching and researching around the topics to be covered in the course and published widely in all of them. Kate Barker, Seniour Lecturer, MIOIR Kate will focus on STI policy evaluation and analysis Dr. Kieron Flanagan, Lecturer Kieron will lecture on policy mix, and demand Prof Ian Miles, MIoIR Ian is a specialist of foresight activities as well as a renown scholar on innovation in services Prof Arie Rip, emer. University Twente Arie will lecture on systems, strategic intelligence, foresight and CTA Prof. Jakob Edler, Executive Director MIOIR Jakob is a course leader, and will focus on demand side policies and system aspects of policy Prof. Philippe Laredo, MIoIR and Université Paris-Est. Philippe is a course leader, focussing on policy structures, indirect instruments and indicators Dr. Maria Nedeva, senior lecturer MIoIR Maria will lecture on universities and research organisations. Dr. Elvira Uyarra, Researcher, MIoIR Elvira will focus on regional policies, demand side policy and policy mix

The Manchester Institute of Innovation Research (MIoIR) is the research centre of excellence in the Manchester Business School (MBS) and The University of Manchester in the field of innovation and

The Institute s key strengths lie in the linkage and cross-fertilisation of economics, management and policy around innovation and science.

This includes broad engagement with and research for policy makers and societal and industrial stakeholders in the Manchester City Region, across the UK and internationally.

The Institute has a visitor programme for academics and management and policy practitioners and provides a range of popular and high level executive education courses on evaluation, foresight and S&T

9 The Manchester Institute of Innovation Research (MIoIR) is the research centre of excellence in the Manchester Business School (MBS) and The University of Manchester in the field of innovation and science studies. With more than 50 full members and a range of associated academics from across the University, MIoIR is Europe s largest and one of the World s leading research centres in this field. The Institute s key strengths lie in the linkage and cross-fertilisation of economics, management and policy around innovation and science. Building on forty years of tradition in innovation and science studies, the Institute s philosophy is to combine academic rigour with concrete practical relevance for policy and management. This includes broad engagement with and research for policy makers and societal and industrial stakeholders in the Manchester City Region, across the UK and internationally. MIoIR is also firmly committed to a range of teaching activities within and beyond MBS and integrates a strong and successful PhD programme into its research activities. The Institute has a visitor programme for academics and management and policy practitioners and provides a range of popular and high level executive education courses on evaluation, foresight and S&T Policy. For further information see: or contact Siobhan Drugan Overall Course Administrator Manchester Institute of Innovation Research (MIoIR) Manchester Business School, MBS Harold Hankins The University of Manchester Manchester M13 9PL Tel +44 (0) Fax +44 (0) siobhan.drugan@mbs.ac.uk

The University of Zimbabwe Team and Innovation and Policy

Zimbabwe is from a diverse background within Scientific Areas,

The team has experienced personnel that have been lecturing in

internationally in policy formulation and development.

researching, training and publishing on Science and Technology in

The resource persons have experiences from the Faculties of

and Technology policy; Industrialisation linkages with this policy;

on Science and Technology; policy formulation and implementation;

The University of Zimbabwe Innovation and Policy Development Unit

expertise to the nation and to the region.

Tumbare Evaluation, Demand side, Policy System Dr.

10 The University of Zimbabwe Team and Innovation and Policy Development (UZIPD The Lecturing team from the University of Zimbabwe is from a diverse background within Scientific Areas, Policy Areas, and Business School. The team has experienced personnel that have been lecturing in Policy and have been involved nationally, regionally, and internationally in policy formulation and development. The University of Zimbabwe members of staff have experience in researching, training and publishing on Science and Technology in its diversity. The resource persons have experiences from the Faculties of Engineering; Arts; Social Studies; Science; Law; Business School; Institute of Environmental Studies. Some of the members of staff are researching and training on Science and Technology policy; Industrialisation linkages with this policy; national innovation systems; international and regional networking on Science and Technology; policy formulation and implementation; policy sustainability and case studies and comparative analysis. The University of Zimbabwe Innovation and Policy Development Unit under the Office of the Vice Chancellor has been taking this expertise to the nation and to the region. Thus diverse teams are being put together to harness on this extensive expertise. Prof. Sara Feresu STI Policy Evaluation and analysis Dr. Michale J. Tumbare Evaluation, Demand side, Policy System Dr. Charity Manyeruke Policy Mix, Internationalisation and indicators Dr Gilford Hapanyengwi Innovation Systems and Standards Dr. Maurice Mutowo Foresight nad New Business Models Prof. Marvellous Mhloyi Research Organisation and Funding Model Dr. Amon Murwvira Strategic intelligence, Foresight and CTA Mr. Nyasha Chishakwe Legal Rights, Demand side, international and Policy mix

The Department of Science and Technology, Ministry for Science and Technology, South Africa Facilitators: Ms Anneline Morgan Director: Africa Cooperation Ms Phumelele Higgins Deputy Director: Africa

11 The Department of Science and Technology, Ministry for Science and Technology, South Africa Facilitators: Ms Anneline Morgan Director: Africa Cooperation Ms Phumelele Higgins Deputy Director: Africa Cooperation SADC Funda Mpanza SADC Secretariat UNESCO- overall coordinator, facilitator and part of training team Professor Alaphia Wright, UNESCO Director Windhoek Cluster Office Prof. Alaphia Wright is UNESCO s Representative to Angola, Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa and Swaziland. He leads the UNESCO team for this training, primarily covering facilitation and quality assurance. Dr Shamila Nair-Bedouelle, UNESCO Programme Specialist (Science and Technology), Africa Department, Paris Dr Shamila Nair-Bedouelle, a trained biochemist and molecular biologist and member of the Academy of Sciences of South Africa, holds the title of Director of Research, French Institute for Medical and Health Research. As the Chief of Unit, CPA Implementation, UNESCO, Paris, she trained STI policy makers in Africa and worked individually with African countries, guiding and providing technical assistance with their STI policy reviews and reformulations. Support is also acknowledged from the Natural Sciences Sector, Division for Science Policy and Capacity Building, UNESCO, Paris Sponsors The activity is financed through the Department for Science and Technology, Ministry for Science and Technology, South Africa; the Australian Aid funds (AUSAID) provided to DST, South Africa, and UNESCO and Manchester Institute of Innovation Research. Design and Layout: Aurélie Ek, Shamila Nair-Bedouelle/AFRICA Department, UNESCO, Paris

Knowledge Exchange Strategy ( )

UNIVERSITY OF ST ANDREWS Knowledge Exchange Strategy (2012-2017) This document lays out our strategy for Knowledge Exchange founded on the University s Academic Strategy and in support of the University