THE PRESERVATION OF DIGITAL DOCUMENTARY HERITAGE LESSONS FROM AUSTRALIAN EXPERIENCE
|
|
- Nelson Roberts
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 THE PRESERVATION OF DIGITAL DOCUMENTARY HERITAGE LESSONS FROM AUSTRALIAN EXPERIENCE Ross Harvey School of Information Studies Charles Sturt University Locked Bag 675 Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678 Australia Ph: , Fax rossharvey@csu.edu.au INTRODUCTION Ensuring the long-term preservation of information in digital form is the greatest challenge for the information professions this century, a recently published piece (Gorman 2004: xxii) indicates. The issues surrounding digital preservation maintaining access over time to information in digital form demand action. Any guidance that allows us to get closer to widely applicable solutions to the challenges of digital preservation, solutions that apply to both large and small organisations, is worth seeking out. Librarians are experiencing upheavals in traditional practice because of the increasingly widespread use of networked computing. This includes preservation activities, which are being significantly affected by the changing paradigm. For example, the old preservation paradigm recognises that copying (as in refreshing from tape to tape) is the basis of digital preservation, but it does not offer any understanding of the complexity of copying digital materials. This is more than simply preserving a bit stream; it must also take account of other attributes of the digital object that we also need to preserve. New ways of thinking about preservation, and new skills, are needed. WHERE DO WE LOOK FOR GUIDANCE? AUSTRALIAN EXEMPLARS Earlier in 2004 I interviewed senior Australian information management professionals about current digital preservation strategies in Australian cultural heritage institutions. They are in charge of preservation activities in their institutions or are active commentators on digital preservation, and come from the library, recordkeeping, audiovisual archiving, and geospatial communities. These interviews took as their starting point the contention that Australian digital preservation practice is world best practice. This contention is suggested in the literature. One expression of it is found in a 2003 report by Neil Beagrie: For a country with a relatively small population, Australia has a relatively large number of leading-edge online projects across all sectors. Archiving these online materials has become a significant area of effort for Australia s memory institutions, and both the NLA [National Library of
2 Australia] and the national archive activities and guidelines are frequently cited internationally as exemplars in this area. (Beagrie 2003: 14) The National Library of Australia s experience with digital preservation exemplifies Beagrie s view. The NLA has been active in digital preservation since at least 1994, practically the pre-history of digital preservation. It has actively shared its experience and expertise with the rest of the library community both in Australia and internationally. Early digital preservation activities include the founding of one of the first library digital preservation sections in 1995, establishing an archive of online publications, PANDORA, in 1996, and establishing the PADI (Preserving Access to Digital Information) Web site in Its experience and expertise are frequently sought out, a recent example being the authorship by Colin Webb, the NLA s Digital Preservation Manager, of the UNESCO Guidelines for the Preservation of Digital Heritage (UNESCO, 2003). This paper considers the responses to two questions asked in the interviews: 1) What makes an effective digital preservation strategy? 2) How long is long-term in digital preservation thinking? WHAT MAKES AN EFFECTIVE DIGITAL PRESERVATION STRATEGY? One question posed during the interviews was: What makes an effective digital preservation strategy? This is asked because, in the words of the UNESCO Guidelines, strategies are still evolving there is, as yet, no universally applicable and practical solution to the problem of technological obsolescence for digital materials (UNESCO 2003: 122, ). We are, I suggest, likely to see a small number of strategies emerging from the current bewilderingly large range. The interviews with senior Australian digital preservation experts sought to establish what the characteristics of these strategies would be. Determining these characteristics could guide us to more rapid development of viable strategies. Five themes emerged from these interviews: 1) Societal and organisational missions 2) Know what you are preserving 3) Standards 4) Operational concerns 5) Technical issues. Theme 1: Societal and Organisational Missions Probably most important, the respondents indicated, was a sustainable environment that supports digital preservation over time. One pessimistically put this in terms of how to assure funding over a long period: In Australia, we live in a political environment where [long-term resourcing is] at risk every year you are working on assumptions that 2
3 you ll have at least the level of resourcing you ve got now and indefinitely into the future. traditionally for national institutions there is a convention that each year you get what you had last year, maybe with some increment, maybe not but we have no guarantee that convention will continue into the future. Another respondent suggested that the necessary sustainability would best be assured by building digital preservation activities into normal operating activity. Another indicated that within the organisation there needed to be a clarity of vision [because] the higher you went in organisations, the lesser the understanding was and the more there was an attachment to a pre-digital paradigm. The need to understand the context in which digital preservation is operating was emphasised. One respondent from the geosciences community (which is interested in keeping digital satellite mapping data and petroleum survey data for long periods) expanded this point: In our case you have to have a very good understanding of the business drivers our core business is about making it accessible in the short term. The preservation and access in the long term is only seen by the business as being valuable if it s continuing to meet a business need. So if I want to get funding for a preservation strategy, the only way I m going to be able to do that is to link it into the drivers in that particular sector. Another respondent suggested that no real progress would be made until we have a reason or we have a will as a community to hang onto things. Theme 2: Know What You Are Preserving There was considerable comment about the need to think clearly about exactly what it is we are trying to preserve. Respondents from the archives community labeled this as essence : We have this idea of what we call essence the essential parts, the things about a record that we think are significant enough to be retained. This essence needs to be defined in advance and only that data that is part of the essence captured: So when we migrate to our XML format we ve already decided for this particular input format like Word that these are the essential parts of that as a record basically we keep all content and all contextual information, i.e. metadata, that s associated with the contents but the look and feel and structure in information in records are less essential generally. we make decisions about the different data formats, about what we call the essence, about what we see as the essence, so it s different for every data format. 3
4 Theme 3: Standards Most respondents commented that standards were essential in any preservation strategy. The importance of standard data formats was emphasised in a comment about the multiple attractions of XML:. One is that it is about ordering and managing data The second is it s a fairly old standard it s actually got a very good track record. It s been in existence for over 25 years now. So for an IT standard that s extraordinarily stable. XML s widespread and increasing use was also attractive: Our general policy from an overall strategy approach for digital preservation has been to say, as an organisation we must stay where the industry is. That s one of the attractions of XML. It s actually become much more widely used since 2000 [when we adopted it] and you can get XML expertise relatively easily. There are a lot of applications, there are an increasing number of applications which actually can interpret it and it s not platform-specific. Metadata was noted by only two respondents. One noted the importance of building in sufficient management information metadata, preservation metadata, whatever you want so that you don t have to go back and reconstruct information because you won t be able to do that. Theme 4: Operational Concerns I have grouped here several points made about operational issues. One is the need to capture the data first: you can t preserve it unless you ve got it. So that s trying to get the thing into the cycle of preservation in the first place. Another is the importance of ensuring that digital preservation was established as part of normal operating activity, so that it was considered as a mainstream activity and became part of the normal resourcing issues. For one organisation this was articulated as a conscious decision to make digital preservation part of the preservation strategy. We ve actually quite consciously said this is a preservation strategy, this is a preservation matter. It s not an IT matter We say: Well the preservation program is concerned to preserve all formats of records one of the formats is digital preservation. It requires different skill sets and so on, but it s about preservation. It s not about digital. Another respondent described this in terms of an integrated response: integration is the key word here, because unless you have an integrated approach within an organisation, because so many people are involved here, it s all going to flounder. You need an integrated approach that just inhabits every facet of what people do. 4
5 Another theme was that data needed to be kept alive: The stuff has to be able to migrate just to keep moving so migration has to be part of the system. You know, there s no question about that. This theme was also described as recognition that it is an active process you do have to think about capture and creation and then active management of that object through its life, through time [and therefore a] basic tenet [was] that digital content needs active maintenance. So as soon as you put it onto a medium and put it up on the shelf, you ve lost it. Theme 5: Technical Issues There was relatively little comment about technical issues: indeed, one respondent commented that his organisation has solved its digital preservation problem and therefore we need to move on to other things which are to do with access and description and other issues that confront the professional. One technical issue that dominated the comments of several respondents was the importance of not relying on proprietary data formats or systems. One respondent was especially critical of the influence of IT people, who unless they were what he described as hacktivists kind of open source type people and IT people are usually not, were invariably priests of proprietary systems, because that s what s given them their job and their edge and everything. So they tend to lead organisations down proprietary paths which is in the end a disaster. He considered that the light at the end of the tunnel is that the whistle has been blown on the ride we ve been taken by the vendors and the IT the priests of those systems that make up IT departments. Components of an Effective Digital Preservation Strategy The interviews so far provisionally suggest that an effective digital preservation strategy has these characteristics: A sustainable environment that supports digital preservation over time Digital preservation activities are built into normal operating activities Definition of what it is that we are trying to preserve, the essence of a record Adoption of stable, widely used and clearly defined standards Building in sufficient management information metadata and preservation metadata Standardising of data formats wherever possible 5
6 Recognition that digital preservation is an active process; keeping the data alive Not reliant on proprietary data formats or systems. HOW LONG IS LONG-TERM IN DIGITAL PRESERVATION THINKING? Another question posed during the interviews was: How long is long-term in digital preservation thinking? This question is worth asking because it assists us to determine the resourcing we might need to effectively carry out digital preservation. It also suggests some of the ways in which our thinking and our procedures may need to change. Responses to the question ranged from 30 to 250,00 years. A respondent from the geosciences community, which closely links its preservation activities to business requirements, offered the very conservative response of 30 to 50 years: So in terms of long-term for us for business requirements, with the information we re acquiring at the moment, we re possibly thinking up to, say, 30 to 50 years. The things I think of are, say, a satellite imagery archive and that dates back to 1979, in digital form. Most respondents considered 100 years as a minimum requirement, although they provided different reasons for this. One argued it in economic terms: the return on the investment in digital preservation that we make for me has got to be of a 100-year plus time-span. This length of time was also sufficiently long to get over the immediacy of some of the politics surrounding [digital preservation] and firmly establish it. His library was about to celebrate its 150th birthday and he found it useful to be able to popularise the case for preserving digital information in relation to the length of time the library had been established: when we are 300 years old as an institution we will want to be able to retrieve those that we still consider to be valuable from In addition, he recognised that the question had another dimension, so that another answer was as long as the community thinks it is valuable to keep. Another respondent explained 100 years in more pragmatic terms: At least a life-span and effectively that s got to approach 100 years pragmatically it s the photo of you as the baby that you can look at as the old person the pragmatism of a life-span where we can still access things of our childhood in old age. A third suggested that 100 years was notional. The key was active management of the data: It s a bit of a moot question, because, if you work on the basis of providing accessibility to content over time then if it s still of value then it s got to be actively managed, so it doesn t really matter if it s a million years. One organisation had deliberately decided on 300 years, their rationale being that setting a specific period informed their current practice: 6
7 There s no point in saying forever, because we know that nothing lasts forever, but what we also know is that, in relation to a lot of conservation science you can say, if I do these, then that will be the consequence I can say to get to 300 years, you know, inversely, coming back, I have to do this, I have to do this other thing saying 200 or 300 years informs your current practice. It actually says, well, for it to last 200 or 300 years, I need to do this now, and I need to take these actions now, or I need to find out what would be the appropriate action for me to take for it to be available in 200 years. At the other end of the spectrum were the respondents who indicated that the only possible answer was indefinitely. One specified 250,000 years. This was based on his work with the international nuclear industry and its requirement to be able to access records relating to radioactive waste these records are digital these days. This industry was keen to hand to [future generations] everything that they need to know about the past. And so they can then make decisions about what they keep and what they can let go. Another indicated I don t have an end-date in my thinking. His view was formed by working in a deposit library where the responsibility for preservation was commonly considered to be for an indefinite period. A technical point was raised. Unlike analog copying processes which would eventually result in the decay of the information, for digital data there are no theoretical limitations any more on how long you can keep things going, except things like the death of the sun once we get to a point where we have successfully migrated the data through a few generations, we can start to feel fairly comfortable that the data will survive as long as our current society survives. Another respondent considered that it s a question you can t answer because the principle determinant was not the technical preservation processes but the organisational context in which these things survive you can do all the things that are necessary to continue the physical life of something, but it sits within some sort of organisational context, which we know can be disturbed or changed or destroyed, and, if that context has gone, what happens to the material. CONCLUSION This is preliminary material based on research in progress. These respondents are not a balanced sample: for example, the views of one large archive dominate. Still to be interviewed are staff from the National Library of Australia although, as already noted, their points of view are already well documented, for instance in the UNESCO 7
8 Guidelines (UNESCO 2003) and also personnel working in some smaller organisations such as PARADISEC, a newly established organisation that aims to preserve endangered languages. The experience of archives with digital preservation has suggested that this profession has thought more deeply about the issues and has developed more sophisticated responses than the library community. However, there are significant differences in the nature of the information each community collects and maintains, so perhaps the challenge for libraries is how to interpret the archives experience in its own context. The responses so far do not note much that is new, but they place different weight on some aspects of what we supposed previously. For example, relatively little importance is placed on technical matters, perhaps suggesting that the IT issues around systems, equipment and software are considered on the way to being solved. The need to place digital preservation activities in an institutional context and to integrate them into that organisation s normal operating procedures is an area that received heavier emphasis than it would have in the past. A final comment: these lessons come from large and relatively well-funded institutions. I suggest that the real challenge is how to develop strategies and techniques that will allow the smaller and less well resourced libraries and archives to also successfully preserve digital information. REFERENCES Beagrie, Neil (2003). National Digital Preservation Initiatives: An Overview of Developments in Australia, France, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom and of Related International Activity. Washington, D.C.: CLIR and Library of Congress. Gorman, G.E. (2004). Introduction. In Gorman, G.E. and Dorner, Daniel G. (eds). Metadata Applications and Management. London: Facet Publishing, 2004, pp. xv-xxix. (International Yearbook of Library and Information Management 2003/2004). UNESCO (2003). Guidelines for the Preservation of Digital Heritage. Prepared by the National Library of Australia. Accessed 20 June
Digitisation success on a shoestring? Scoping some issues in sustaining digital collections
Digitisation success on a shoestring? Scoping some issues in sustaining digital collections Greg Wallace Abstract: Greg Wallace DNC Services This paper scopes the nature of issues faced by smaller institutions
More informationREPORT ON THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE MEMORY OF THE WORLD IN THE DIGITAL AGE: DIGITIZATION AND PRESERVATION OUTLINE
37th Session, Paris, 2013 inf Information document 37 C/INF.15 6 August 2013 English and French only REPORT ON THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE MEMORY OF THE WORLD IN THE DIGITAL AGE: DIGITIZATION AND PRESERVATION
More informationSurvey of Institutional Readiness
Survey of Institutional Readiness We created this checklist to help you prepare for the workshop and to get you to think about your organization's digital assets in terms of scope, priorities, resources,
More informationRoyal Pavilion & Museums DRAFT Digital Preservation Policy 2018
Royal Pavilion & Museums DRAFT Digital Preservation Policy 2018 Agreed: 17 January 2019 To be reviewed: Sep 2022 1 1. Introduction Royal Pavilion & Museums (RPM) is both a collector and producer of digital
More informationGuidelines for the Professional Evaluation of Digital Scholarship by Historians
Guidelines for the Professional Evaluation of Digital Scholarship by Historians American Historical Association Ad Hoc Committee on Professional Evaluation of Digital Scholarship by Historians May 2015
More informationUniversity of Massachusetts Amherst Libraries. Digital Preservation Policy, Version 1.3
University of Massachusetts Amherst Libraries Digital Preservation Policy, Version 1.3 Purpose: The University of Massachusetts Amherst Libraries Digital Preservation Policy establishes a framework to
More informationMemorandum on the long-term accessibility. of digital information in Germany
Funded by Memorandum on the long-term accessibility of digital information in Germany Digital information has become an integral part of our cultural and scientific heritage. We are increasingly confronted
More informationThe concept of significant properties is an important and highly debated topic in information science and digital preservation research.
Before I begin, let me give you a brief overview of my argument! Today I will talk about the concept of significant properties Asen Ivanov AMIA 2014 The concept of significant properties is an important
More informationEconomies of the Commons 2, Paying the cost of making things free, 13 December 2010, Session Materiality and sustainability of digital culture)
Economies of the Commons 2, Paying the cost of making things free, 13 December 2010, Session Materiality and sustainability of digital culture) I feel a bit like a party pooper, today. Because my story
More informationGerald G. Boyd, Tom D. Anderson, David W. Geiser
THE ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PROGRAM USES PERFORMANCE MEASURES FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY TO: FOCUS INVESTMENTS ON ACHIEVING CLEANUP GOALS; IMPROVE THE MANAGEMENT OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY; AND, EVALUATE
More informationMergers Possibilities & Impact of Mergers in Australia and Overseas
Mergers Possibilities & Impact of Mergers in Australia and Overseas Vanessa Finney, Australian Museum Synopsis Archives and recordkeeping are already converged in the recordkeeping continuum. We can, should
More informationOver the 10-year span of this strategy, priorities will be identified under each area of focus through successive annual planning cycles.
Contents Preface... 3 Purpose... 4 Vision... 5 The Records building the archives of Canadians for Canadians, and for the world... 5 The People engaging all with an interest in archives... 6 The Capacity
More informationCHAPTER 1 PURPOSES OF POST-SECONDARY EDUCATION
CHAPTER 1 PURPOSES OF POST-SECONDARY EDUCATION 1.1 It is important to stress the great significance of the post-secondary education sector (and more particularly of higher education) for Hong Kong today,
More informationccess to Cultural Heritage Networks Across Europe
A INTERVIEW Italy Rossella Caffo Germany Monika Hagedorn -Saupe ccess to Cultural Heritage Networks Across Europe Interview with the ATHENA project coordinator - Rossella Caffo, Ministry of, Italy by Monika
More informationA N A N I L - T. begins me. change with. Towards Mindful Consumption F O M C A
I L 3K CONSUMER CAMPAIGN 20 A 0 N 8 O - T 2 A 0 N 1 2 change with begins me Towards Mindful Consumption Organised by Campaign Partners F O M C A Message It cannot be denied that the life of the consumer
More informationExpert Group on Preservation of Records, Knowledge and Memory across Generations
Unclassified Unclassified Organisation de Coopération et de Développement Économiques Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development 26-Mar-2013 English - Or. English NUCLEAR ENERGY AGENCY RADIOACTIVE
More informationIn Defense of the Book
In Defense of the Book Daniel Greenstein Vice Provost for Academic Planning, Programs, and Coordination University of California, Office of the President There is a profound (even perverse) irony in the
More informationAntenie Carstens National Library of South Africa. address:
Submitted on: 15/06/2017 Planning digitising projects with reference to acquiring appropriate equipment for the project and the quality management process using case studies in South Africa Antenie Carstens
More informationAiA Art News-service. Why it s time to talk seriously about digital reproductions Maggie Gray
AiA Art News-service Why it s time to talk seriously about digital reproductions Maggie Gray 15 DECEMBER 2017 Installation view of 'A World of Fragile Parts', Venice Architecture Biennale 2016 In 1867,
More informationScience Impact Enhancing the Use of USGS Science
United States Geological Survey. 2002. "Science Impact Enhancing the Use of USGS Science." Unpublished paper, 4 April. Posted to the Science, Environment, and Development Group web site, 19 March 2004
More informationCompendium Overview. By John Hagel and John Seely Brown
Compendium Overview By John Hagel and John Seely Brown Over four years ago, we began to discern a new technology discontinuity on the horizon. At first, it came in the form of XML (extensible Markup Language)
More informationDIGITAL TRANSFORMATION LESSONS LEARNED FROM EARLY INITIATIVES
DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION LESSONS LEARNED FROM EARLY INITIATIVES Produced by Sponsored by JUNE 2016 Contents Introduction.... 3 Key findings.... 4 1 Broad diversity of current projects and maturity levels
More informationUniversity of Kansas. The University of Kansas Libraries
University of Kansas The University of Kansas Libraries Finding Common Ground The University of Kansas Libraries Approaches to building Digital Libraries from Strategic to Tech Cool Deborah Ludwig, Assistant
More informationCreating a New Kind of Knowledge Institution. Directions for JUNE 2004
Creating a New Kind of Knowledge Institution Directions for JUNE 2004 This paper describes broad directions for the newly created Library and Archives Canada (LAC) and invites feedback from client groups,
More informationRLG, Where Museums, Libraries, and Archives Intersect
LIBER QUARTERLY, ISSN 1435-5205 LIBER 2003, All rights reserved K.G. Saur, Munich, printed in Germany RLG, Where Museums, Libraries, and Archives Intersect by ANNE VAN CAMP INTRODUCTION This presentation
More informationDON T LET WORDS GET IN THE WAY
HUMAN EXPERIENCE 1 DON T LET WORDS GET IN THE WAY ustwo is growing, so it s about time we captured and put down on paper our core beliefs and values, whilst highlighting some priority areas that we d like
More informationRoss Harvey GSLIS, Simmons College. November 15, 2008
Ross Harvey GSLIS, Simmons College November 15, 2008 Cultural heritage is increasingly digital heritage. To what extent are the lessons learned from archival and preservation practice as applied to traditional
More informationPRESERVATION OF INFORMATION MANAGEMENT IN DIGITAL ERA
PRESERVATION OF INFORMATION MANAGEMENT IN DIGITAL ERA Venkanna. E 1 1 Student, Master of Library and Information Science, University College of Arts & Social Science, Osmania University, Telangana, India
More information2016 Executive Summary Canada
5 th Edition 2016 Executive Summary Canada January 2016 Overview Now in its fifth edition and spanning across 23 countries, the GE Global Innovation Barometer is an international opinion survey of senior
More informationTowards an Arab Knowledge Society. Smart Village, Cairo, Egypt, 30 June 2009
Address by Mr Koïchiro Matsuura, Director-General of UNESCO, on the occasion of the Launch of UNESCO s Capacity Building Initiatives for Students, Teachers and Knowledge Citizens Towards an Arab Knowledge
More informationHOW TO DESIGN THE. dream engagement ring
HOW TO DESIGN THE dream engagement ring INTRODUCTION Whether the engagement ring is a surprise for your future bride or you ve talked together about this symbol of your future, shopping for a ring can
More informationPIRAEUS BANK GROUP CULTURAL FOUNDATION: SYSTEMS OF KNOWLEDGE ORGANIZATION AND CURATING OF DIGITAL COLLECTIONS
PIRAEUS BANK GROUP CULTURAL FOUNDATION: SYSTEMS OF KNOWLEDGE ORGANIZATION AND CURATING OF DIGITAL COLLECTIONS Piraeus Bank Group Cultural Foundation 6, Angelou Geronta Str., 10558 Plaka Athens Greece piop@piraeusbank.gr
More informationDigital Preservation Policy
Digital Preservation Policy Version: 2.0.2 Last Amendment: 12/02/2018 Policy Owner/Sponsor: Head of Digital Collections and Preservation Policy Contact: Head of Digital Collections and Preservation Prepared
More informationResearch on the Capability Maturity Model of Digital Library Knowledge. Management
2nd Information Technology and Mechatronics Engineering Conference (ITOEC 2016) Research on the Capability Maturity Model of Digital Library Knowledge Management Zhiyin Yang1 2,a,Ruibin Zhu1,b,Lina Zhang1,c*
More informationAutomated Machine Guidance An Emerging Technology Whose Time has Come?
Lou Barrett Page 1 Automated Machine Guidance An Emerging Technology Whose Time has Come? Author: Lou Barrett Chairwoman AASHTO TIG AMG Minnesota Department of Transportation MS 688 395 John Ireland Blvd.
More informationTHE IMPACT OF SCIENCE DISCUSSION PAPER
Clinton Watson Labour, Science and Enterprise Branch MBIE By email: Clinton.watson@mbie.govt.nz 29 September 2017 Dear Clinton THE IMPACT OF SCIENCE DISCUSSION PAPER This letter sets out the response of
More informationCosting the Digital Preservation Lifecycle More Effectively
Costing the Digital Lifecycle More Effectively Paul Wheatley The British Library Boston Spa, Wetherby, West Yorkshire, LS23 7BQ, United Kingdom paul.wheatley@bl.uk Abstract Having confidence in the permanence
More informationEnabling Scientific Breakthroughs at the Petascale
Enabling Scientific Breakthroughs at the Petascale Contents Breakthroughs in Science...................................... 2 Breakthroughs in Storage...................................... 3 The Impact
More informationManagerial issues in building digital collections
Managerial issues in building digital collections Deepali Talagala Director / Information Unites States Information Centre 44, Galle Road Colombo 03 e-mail: deepali@gmail.com INTRODUCTION For many, the
More informationPreservation Management of Digital Materials: The Handbook
1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background There is a rapidly increasing volume of information which exists in digital form. Whether created as a result of digitising non-digital collections, created as a digital
More informationRoy Sandbach interview
Roy Sandbach interview Speaker key John RS Roy Sandbach Well, I have here with me Roy Sandbach, who s with Procter & Gamble, he works very much, and has worked for a long time in the area of innovation,
More informationLeading by design: Q&A with Dr. Raghuram Tupuri, AMD Chris Hall, DigiTimes.com, Taipei [Monday 12 December 2005]
Leading by design: Q&A with Dr. Raghuram Tupuri, AMD Chris Hall, DigiTimes.com, Taipei [Monday 12 December 2005] AMD s drive to 64-bit processors surprised everyone with its speed, even as detractors commented
More informationSTRATEGIC ACTIVITIES AND PRIORITIES
STRATEGIC ACTIVITIES AND PRIORITIES 2017 2020 THE MISSION OF THE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF LITHUANIA THE VISION OF THE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF LITHUANIA To be the Lithuanian space of knowledge creating value to
More informationLIS 688 DigiLib Amanda Goodman Fall 2010
1 Where Do We Go From Here? The Next Decade for Digital Libraries By Clifford Lynch 2010-08-31 Digital libraries' roots can be traced back to 1965 when Libraries of the Future by J. C. R. Licklider was
More informationComparing Preservation Strategies and Practices for Electronic Records Michèle V. Cloonan and Shelby Sanett, University of California, Los Angeles
Comparing Preservation Strategies and Practices for Electronic Records Michèle V. Cloonan and Shelby Sanett, University of California, Los Angeles This presentation reports on a study we conducted on behalf
More informationEmbedding Digital Preservation across the Organisation: A Case Study of Internal Collaboration in the National Library of New Zealand
Embedding Digital Preservation across the Organisation: A Case Study of Internal Collaboration in the National Library of New Zealand Cynthia Wu; National Digital Heritage Archive, National Library of
More informationInstrumentation and Control
Program Description Instrumentation and Control Program Overview Instrumentation and control (I&C) and information systems impact nuclear power plant reliability, efficiency, and operations and maintenance
More informationNCRIS Capability 5.7: Population Health and Clinical Data Linkage
NCRIS Capability 5.7: Population Health and Clinical Data Linkage National Collaborative Research Infrastructure Strategy Issues Paper July 2007 Issues Paper Version 1: Population Health and Clinical Data
More informationThe ALA and ARL Position on Access and Digital Preservation: A Response to the Section 108 Study Group
The ALA and ARL Position on Access and Digital Preservation: A Response to the Section 108 Study Group Introduction In response to issues raised by initiatives such as the National Digital Information
More informationEXPERIENCES OF IMPLEMENTING BIM IN SKANSKA FACILITIES MANAGEMENT 1
EXPERIENCES OF IMPLEMENTING BIM IN SKANSKA FACILITIES MANAGEMENT 1 Medina Jordan & Howard Jeffrey Skanska ABSTRACT The benefits of BIM (Building Information Modeling) in design, construction and facilities
More informationONR Strategy 2015 to 2020
Title of publication ONR Strategy 2015 to 2020 Office for Nuclear Regulation Page 1 of 5 Introduction Nick Baldwin, Chair The Energy Act 2013 provided for the creation of ONR as an independent, statutory
More informationUsing Data Analytics and Machine Learning to Assess NATO s Information Environment
Using Data Analytics and Machine Learning to Assess NATO s Information Environment Col Richard Blunt, CapDev JISR, SACT HQ Allied Command Transformation Blandy Road, Norfolk, VA UNITED STATES Richard.blunt@act.nato.int
More informationThe future role of libraries in the information age
The future role of libraries in the information age J.S. Mackenzie Owen, TICER (owen@hum.uva.nl) International Summer School on the Digital Library 10-22 August 1997 Tilburg University The traditional
More informationHow to get more quality clients to your law firm
How to get more quality clients to your law firm Colin Ritchie, Business Coach for Law Firms Tory Ishigaki: Hi and welcome to the InfoTrack Podcast, I m your host Tory Ishigaki and today I m sitting down
More informationStorybird audio transcript:
Peer observationa Problem Based Learning (PBL) Journey with my peer J All in it together on Storybird(please note the Storybird is on the pgcap account under the class due to problems with making it public
More informationINTERNATIONAL OIL AND GAS CONFERENCE IN CHINA OPENING PLENARY SESSION OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES IN A VOLATILE ENVIRONMENT, BEIJING, JUNE 2010
Thank you very much for that kind introduction Mr. Chairman it s an honour to be here today at this International Oil & Gas Conference and Exhibition in China. My fellow panel members have described the
More informationin the New Zealand Curriculum
Technology in the New Zealand Curriculum We ve revised the Technology learning area to strengthen the positioning of digital technologies in the New Zealand Curriculum. The goal of this change is to ensure
More informationFinland s drive to become a world leader in open science
Finland s drive to become a world leader in open science EDITORIAL Kai Ekholm Solutionsbased future lies ahead Open science is rapidly developing all over the world. For some time now Open Access (OA)
More informationHow do our ethical codes relate to safeguarding intellectual property?
How do our ethical codes relate to safeguarding intellectual property? Response to presentation by Wend Wendland from WIPO 1 By Daniel Winfree Papuga President@icme.icom.museum Paper presented for the
More informationREPORT FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE COUNCIL. on the evaluation of Europeana and the way forward. {SWD(2018) 398 final}
EUROPEAN COMMISSION Brussels, 6.9.2018 COM(2018) 612 final REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE COUNCIL on the evaluation of Europeana and the way forward {SWD(2018) 398 final}
More informationCase study in academic and industry collaboration: the development of an adolescent targeted sun protection intervention in NSW
University of Wollongong Research Online Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive) Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health 2010 Case study in academic and industry collaboration: the
More information5 Fatal Mistakes Firefighter Candidates Make During the Oral Interview
Preparing Tomorrow s Firefighter Candidates for a Career in Today s Fire Service 5 Fatal Mistakes Firefighter Candidates Make During the Oral Interview Battalion Chief Dean Guccione Beverly Hills Fire
More informationDurham Research Online
Durham Research Online Deposited in DRO: 24 August 2015 Version of attached le: Accepted Version Peer-review status of attached le: Peer-reviewed Citation for published item: Setchell, J.M. (2017) 'International
More informationCCG 360 o stakeholder survey 2017/18
CCG 360 o stakeholder survey 2017/18 Case studies of high performing and improved CCGs 1 Contents 1 Background and key themes 2 3 4 5 6 East and North Hertfordshire CCG: Building on a strong internal foundation
More informationpart of our cultural heritage? University of Freiburg, Germany
TSM part of our cultural heritage? Gerhard Schneider University of Freiburg, Germany Off topic: an experiment Outsourcing: get rid of your current problems, pay money, lose knowledge Insourcing: grow,
More informationEurope's cultural wealth at the click of a mouse: frequently asked questions
MEMO/08/546 Brussels, 11 August 2008 Europe's cultural wealth at the click of a mouse: frequently asked questions What is digitisation? Digitisation is the transformation into digital format of text and
More informationTechnology in Corrections 1
Technology in Corrections Tracey Mannix, Craig Osland, Ruth Turner and Nick Selisky Tracey Manix is Manager Security, John Morony Correctional Centre, Corrective Services NSW; Craig Osland is Security
More informationThe 2K Method. How to earn $2,000 per month with a simple affiliate marketing method that anybody can use Tim Felmingham
The 2K Method How to earn $2,000 per month with a simple affiliate marketing method that anybody can use 2017 Tim Felmingham Introduction $2,000 per month is enough to make a difference to most people.
More informationMuseum Collections Manager. Job description
Museum Collections Manager Job description Job title: Location: Hours: Reporting to: Key relationships: Museum Collections Manager Burlington House, London 35 hours per week Head of Library and Collections
More informationUnderstanding User s Experiences: Evaluation of Digital Libraries. Ann Blandford University College London
Understanding User s Experiences: Evaluation of Digital Libraries Ann Blandford University College London Overview Background Some desiderata for DLs Some approaches to evaluation Quantitative Qualitative
More informationSteve Petrenko General Manager IT Ellen McNaught Senior Manager Innovation and Projects
Steve Petrenko General Manager IT Ellen McNaught Senior Manager Innovation and Projects Our sector typically lags in technology maturity... we don't want to be defined by that... IT Principle #5 Choosing
More informationMDA and SPECTRUM. Authors: Nick Poole and Gordon McKenna
Authors: Nick Poole and Gordon McKenna 1 The Political Background It is useful to provide a brief overview of the current political and professional climate in UK museums by way of context for MDA s activity.
More informationWM2015 Conference, March 15 19, 2015, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
Second Phase of the OECD NEA International Initiative on the Preservation of Records, Knowledge and Memory across Generations 15616 ABSTRACT Claudio Pescatore OECD Nuclear Energy Agency 1 (claudio.pescatore@oecd.org)
More informationBelgian Position Paper
The "INTERNATIONAL CO-OPERATION" COMMISSION and the "FEDERAL CO-OPERATION" COMMISSION of the Interministerial Conference of Science Policy of Belgium Belgian Position Paper Belgian position and recommendations
More information10 Questions to Ask When Hiring Your Marketing Communications Writer
10 Questions to Ask When Hiring Your Marketing Communications Writer You ve got the writer on the phone. Now, what do you ask him? An e-book by John White ventaja Marketing Share this e-book 2010-2012
More informationStrategy for a Digital Preservation Program. Library and Archives Canada
Strategy for a Digital Preservation Program Library and Archives Canada November 2017 Table of Contents 1. Introduction... 3 2. Definition and scope... 3 3. Vision for digital preservation... 4 3.1 Phase
More informationGUIDE TO SPEAKING POINTS:
GUIDE TO SPEAKING POINTS: The following presentation includes a set of speaking points that directly follow the text in the slide. The deck and speaking points can be used in two ways. As a learning tool
More informationPublic Engagement Experiences in Local Road Systems Decision- Making in Minnesota. Guillermo E. Narváez, Ph.D. Humphrey School of Public Affairs
Public Engagement Experiences in Local Road Systems Decision- Making in Minnesota Guillermo E. Narváez, Ph.D. Humphrey School of Public Affairs Acknowledgements Prof. Kathy Quick Prof. Jerry Zhao Emily
More informationMaking Your Work Flow
TE RI AL Making Your Work Flow MA J GH TE D ust a few years ago, when photographers were primarily shooting film, I rarely heard any of them mention the word workflow. That s because post-production consisted
More informationCountering Capability A Model Driven Approach
Countering Capability A Model Driven Approach Robbie Forder, Douglas Sim Dstl Information Management Portsdown West Portsdown Hill Road Fareham PO17 6AD UNITED KINGDOM rforder@dstl.gov.uk, drsim@dstl.gov.uk
More informationDigital Preservation Cross Discipline Survey
Digital Preservation Cross Discipline Survey Stacy Kowalczyk SLIS Ph.D. Conference 9/24/2005 Digital Libraries and Preservation Since 994, libraries have been developing a body of research and practice
More informationWhat s in This Book...1 Introduction...3 Getting Started...7 All About Die Cutters...9 Choosing a Die Cutter...11 AccuQuilt Studio/AccuCut
Table of contents What s in This Book...1 Introduction...3 Getting Started....7 All About Die Cutters....9 Choosing a Die Cutter....11 AccuQuilt Studio/AccuCut GrandeMark...15 AccuQuilt GO!....23 AccuQuilt
More information1. Context. 2. Vision
1. Context 1.1 The museums in the Science Museum Group 1 share a mission to engage people in a dialogue about the history, present and future of human ingenuity in the fields of science, technology, medicine,
More informationDigitisation Plan
Digitisation Plan 2016-2020 University of Sydney Library University of Sydney Library Digitisation Plan 2016-2020 Mission The University of Sydney Library Digitisation Plan 2016-20 sets out the aim and
More informationDr Graham Spittle CBE Chairman, The Technology Strategy Board Speech to The Foundation for Science and Technology, 23 rd November, 2011
Dr Graham Spittle CBE Chairman, The Technology Strategy Board Speech to The Foundation for Science and Technology, 23 rd November, 2011 Contribution of research and innovation to growth of the economy
More information6 Simple Steps to Achieving Massive Career Success
6 Simple Steps to Achieving Massive Career Success I read recently that 70% of the workforce is disengaged at work. This is an appalling and distressing statistic for a variety of reasons. Besides the
More informationThe Cedars Project. Maggie Jones
The Cedars Project Maggie Jones The author Maggie Jones worked at the National Library of Australia for 17 years before returning to the U.K in 1999. During her time at the NLA, Maggie became very interested
More informationSTEP TWO: CREATOR UNDERSTANDING YOUR CREATIVE POWER
The Align Your Purpose Program STEP TWO: CREATOR UNDERSTANDING YOUR CREATIVE POWER Divine Geometry Copyright Vladimir Kush A L I G N Y O U R P U R P O S E P R O G R A M - S T E P T W O : C R E AT O R IN
More information24 May Committee Secretariat Justice Committee Parliament Buildings Wellington. Dear Justice Select Committee member,
24 May 2018 Committee Secretariat Justice Committee Parliament Buildings Wellington Dear Justice Select Committee member, Submission to the Justice Committee Review Privacy Bill Thank you for the opportunity
More informationThank you to Celia Bakke and San Jose State for organizing this forum.
Thank you to Celia Bakke and San Jose State for organizing this forum. I ve chosen this topic because, as I ve become more acquainted with the Digital Commons community, I ve grown increasingly excited
More informationChapter 22. Technological Forecasting
Chapter 22 Technological Forecasting Short Description Background Strategic Rationale & Implications Strengths & Advantages Weaknesses & Limitations Process for Applying Technique Summary Case Study: Bell
More informationSystem of Systems Software Assurance
System of Systems Software Assurance Introduction Under DoD sponsorship, the Software Engineering Institute has initiated a research project on system of systems (SoS) software assurance. The project s
More informationModule 2: The Free Session That Sell Experience Part 1
Module 2: The Free Session That Sell Experience Part 1 I m a business coach, and I m going take you through Free Sessions That Sell as though you re a business owner/potential client. You have a business,
More informationENGINEERS, TECHNICIANS, ICT EXPERTS
TECHNICAL SERVICES ENGINEERS, TECHNICIANS, ICT EXPERTS Small, swift and agile, Switzerland can be at the forefront of change, and is embracing this opportunity. KLAUS MEIER Chief Information Officer Skyguide
More informationCreating Successful Public Private Partnerships Examining External Success Factors
Carolyn (Carole) Lawson Delivered September 2018 UN World Tourism Organization 3rd UNWTO Global Conference on Wine Tourism Creating Successful Public Private Partnerships Examining External Success Factors
More informationMORE POWER TO THE ENERGY AND UTILITIES BUSINESS, FROM AI.
MORE POWER TO THE ENERGY AND UTILITIES BUSINESS, FROM AI www.infosys.com/aimaturity The current utility business model is under pressure from multiple fronts customers, prices, competitors, regulators,
More informationCONFERENCE PRESENTATIONS
CONFERENCE PRESENTATIONS Conference papers and presentations are available under Creative Commons licence Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives. Images and artwork cannot be further reproduced without
More informationGoogle SEO Optimization
Google SEO Optimization Think about how you find information when you need it. Do you break out the yellow pages? Ask a friend? Wait for a news broadcast when you want to know the latest details of a breaking
More informationQUANTITATIVE RESEARCH METHODS FOR POLICY ANALYSIS AND DECISION MAKING
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH METHODS FOR POLICY ANALYSIS AND DECISION MAKING Training Workshop 01-04 May 2018 and 07-11 May 2018 (9 days) Modules: 1. Overview of Research Methods & Policy Analysis 2. Practical
More informationAttribution and impact for social science data
Attribution and impact for social science data Louise Corti Collections Development and Producer Support ODIN conference, Cologne October 2013 Overview Introducing the UK Data Service Our data portfolio
More information