Novel Sensing Techniques for Urban Transport

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1 Novel Sensing Techniques for Urban Transport Vassilis Kostakos Lab:USE, University of Madeira HCII, Carnegie Mellon University Monday, August , Oulu, Finland

2 Chapter 1: The Human is the focus Human Computer Interaction 101

3 $ C:\> 1 user 1 computer

4 Grouping things Proximity Similarity Connected

5 Making things separate Shape Color Size

6 Intensity vs. Hue The human eye has 10 times more rods than cones. This means that humans are better at interpreting changes in intensity rather than changes in color.

7 Focus BAD GOOD Humans find it difficult to perceive simultaneously highly saturated, spectrally extreme colors.

8 Mappings

9 Mappings

10

11 Feed-back & Feed-forward

12 Emergence of networking Many users - many computers Online collaborative systems

13 Making eye contact

14 Perception of authority

15 Human Computer Interaction, Trust, Privacy, Phishing Spatial & Transpatial Social Networks Urban Mobility & Encounter Epidemiology & Diffusion Space Syntax PEOPLE TECHNOLOGY SPACES Augmented Spaces Situated Services Delay Tolerant Networks

16 Let me show you my lab

17 Hack the city! Welcome to my Lab the city is the system

18 Plan of attack Step 1: Collect data. What is out there? Step 2: Create models to explain what is out there. Identify metrics. Step 3: Use the models to create better systems.

19 Chapter 2: Pervasive Computing 1.0 Controversy is a measure of progress

20

21

22 Mixed reactions People are unsure how to react It is definitely 2.0

23 O'Neill, E., Kostakos, V., Kindberg, T., Fatah gen. Schiek, A., Penn, A., Stanton Fraser, D. and Jones, T. (2006). Instrumenting the city: developing methods for observing and understanding the digital cityscape. In proceedings of UbiComp 2006, Lecture notes in Computer Science 4206, Springer, pp

24 Scanner time

25

26

27 Gatecount timelines

28

29 Scanner time

30 Scanner time

31 time

32

33

34 Kostakos, V., O Neill, E., Penn, A. (2007). Brief encounter networks. arxiv:

35 Power laws and exponential decays

36

37

38 Information Viruses No Strangers No Friends

39 Considering time

40

41 Kostakos, V. (to appear).! Space Syntax and pervasive systems.! In B. Jiang and X. A. Yao (Eds.), Geospatial Analysis and Modeling of Urban Structure and Dynamics, Springer, New York.

42 Data annotation

43

44

45 Cityware facebook Cityware servers analyse data Cityware nodes record & upload data People with Bluetooth devices bumping into each other (shopping, school, work) Facebook application presents data Users' social network grows Kostakos, V. and O Neill E. (2008).! Cityware: Urban Computing to Bridge Online and Real-world Social Networks. In M. Foth (Ed.), Handbook of Research on Urban Informatics: The Practice and Promise of the Real-Time City. Hershey, PA: Information Science Reference, IGI Global, pp

46

47

48 Cityware for Facebook US MIT Stanford Boston Urbana-Champaign Michigan Portland Oklahoma New York Ohio UK Cambridge Oxford Nottingham Lancaster Warwick Bristol Manchester Melbourne Bremen Cairo Iceland

49 Facebook Bluetooth

50 Bluetooth vs. Facebook o - Facebook x - Bluetooth

51 Relationships between scanning sites Node: a physical location on the earth Link nodes that have been visited by same individual (bluetooth) Heavy links have many people travelling on them

52

53

54

55 It s a small world!

56

57 Real-time traffic measurement

58 Intelligent sensing for public transport a b c d e Kostakos, V. (2008).! Towards sustainable transport: wireless detection of passenger trips on public transport buses. arxiv:

59 Avg. Bluetooth passengers Bluetooth passengers Hour 80 Tickets validated Avg. Tickets Validated Hour

60 80 y = x Avg. Tickets Validated Avg. Bluetooth Passengers

61 Waiting for the bus Points! 6 time

62 Making use of the infrastructure 2 5 Scanners (inter) connected Central console issues services Services are (complex) rules Scanner reacts to people based on these rules 4 Scanner 3 1 6

63 Examples Send <Fred> <the 403 bus schedule> <between 7am-9am> Send <Joe> <sports news> <every 30 minutes> Send <*> <located downtown> <Happy New Year!> Send <Mary, John, Nick> <a voucher> if they wait <together> for <more than 20 minutes>

64 The end! Questions? cmu. edu www. labuse. org

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