PLANNING & COMPLEXITY 12 METHODS FOR INEVITABLE TRANSFORMATION

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Miles Sparks
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1 A E S O P PLANNING & COMPLEXITY 12 METHODS FOR INEVITABLE TRANSFORMATION M A N C H E S T E R 1

2 GAMIFICATION & PARTICIPATION WITH PROJECTED URBAN FUTURES ULYSSES SENGUPTA: MANCHESTER SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, MMU ERIC CHEUNG: UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM 2

BACKGROUND: PROJECTIVE MODELLING TOOLS CHINA/MUMBAI As a quick introduction, our previous work revolved around the study of projective urban models

3 BACKGROUND: PROJECTIVE MODELLING TOOLS CHINA/MUMBAI As a quick introduction, our previous work revolved around the study of projective urban models incorporating/displaying self-organisation and emergent properties based on combining policy & street studies at various scales: Direction, Pattern & Space 3

4 DESIGNERS VS GOVERNANCE While our models were capable of demonstrating interesting phenomenon from collecting primary disaggregated data, the tools developed were generally aimed at designers or government 4

5 THE PROBLEM! The fundamental issue with this approach was that while the models themselves were in fact sometimes complex and even capable of adaptive behaviour, they were aimed at re-enforcing (more informed) decisions by the traditional governing elite!!?? 5

governing elite does not wish to incorporate self-organisation? E.g. slums!

6 THE MILL LANDS MUMBAI 1/3 RD RULE Engagement with the Planning & Complexity group has allowed for interesting questions: What if the governing elite does not wish to incorporate self-organisation? E.g. slums! What if the ruling elite are not aligned to majority interests due to corruption? 6

7 EXPO DISTRICT 2267 HA (GFA:22 mil. m²) RECREATIONAL DISTRICT 1260 ha (GFA: 2 mil. m²) NEW FINANCIAL DISTRICT 770 HA (GFA:15 mil. m²) CIVIC & HERITAGE DISTRICT CREATIVE & INNOVATION DISTRICT 948 HA (GFA:11 mil. m²) SHOPPING DISTRICT Waterfront Cultural District Diplomatic District DIPLOMATIC DISTRICT 600 HA (GFA:6 mil. m²) WATERFRONT ENTERTAINMENT HUB 285HA (GFA:5 mil. m²) A FUTURE MUMBAI = BUILD MORE ISLANDS? The question of how to expand the system capability to initiate structural change to Higher Level Systems? I.e. Governance! Became the question even as we were asked how the models apply to contexts such as Manchester 7

8 COMPLEX SYSTEMS: TOP DOWN BOTTOM UP CITIZEN PARTICIPATION MANCHESTER GAMIFICATION SMART CITIES/BIG DATA INTERACTIVE URBAN FUTURES? PROJECTIVE URBAN MODELS POTENTIALS & RAMIFICATIONS PRECAUTIONARY TALES 8

9 A TYPICAL COMPLEX SYSTEM FRAMEWORK If we accept this to be a simplified diagram of a complex system Based on the incorporation of a feedback loop It reflects past work, no matter how complex the spatial simulation models 9

10 A COMPLEX ADAPTIVE SYSTEM FRAMEWORK In order to work with Complex Adaptive Systems in a truer sense The possibility of Structural Change had to be integrated Negating the possibility of optimisation towards a specific outcome! 10

11 COMPLEX SYSTEMS: TOP DOWN BOTTOM UP CITIZEN PARTICIPATION MANCHESTER GAMIFICATION SMART CITIES/BIG DATA INTERACTIVE URBAN FUTURES? PROJECTIVE URBAN MODELS POTENTIALS & RAMIFICATIONS PRECAUTIONARY TALES 11

MANCHESTER People live in Manchester for many reasons one of the most vibrant, economically important and regionally significant locations in the country.

12 MANCHESTER People live in Manchester for many reasons one of the most vibrant, economically important and regionally significant locations in the country. It offers a high level of sport, music and nightlife, is close to outstanding countryside and provides a wide variety of residential experiences. it has undergone a major revival in recent years, both architecturally and economically. - THELETTINGSGROUP 12

13 Creative Commons: Derived from England location map.svg by Spischot. MANCHESTER: SIZE & FORM Metropolitan Region = 0.5 MIL.. Greater Manchester = 2.5 MIL 13

14 MANCHESTER: MAP A GOOGLE map of Manchester showing the physical topography 14

15 MANCHESTER: MAP A GOOGLE map of Manchester showing the surface data topography E.g. Parks, Transport, Traffic, User generated Photos & Reviews etc. 15

16 MANCHESTER CITY COUNCIL Engaged City Council.. Interested in new approaches Wants to be a front runner 16

LET US EXAMINE THE WEB INTERFACE FOR CLUES Jadu launched Manchester City Council's website In 2008.

17 LET US EXAMINE THE WEB INTERFACE FOR CLUES Jadu launched Manchester City Council's website In This won the BT Online Excellence award as the Best Local Government website in Britain. Jadu then launched a re-designed website on May 1, 2013, with a mobile first ethos. 17

18 THE PRIORITIES ARE CLEAR CULTURAL ENGAGEMENT There is an attempt to update the site to reflect current happenings to show an engagement with communities and events like the upcoming Chinese New Year 18

19 BUSINESS/COMMERCIAL INITIATIVES There are initiatives to help existing businesses, start new ones and attract outsiders through assistance with IT infrastructure 19

20 SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY Social issues such as fostering are encouraged and specific events are announced 20

21 TRANSPORT & MOBILITY UPCOMING INITIATIVES Mobility between modes of transport will be made easier and the upcoming initiative is announced in advance 21

22 BUT There is obviously a disjunction between the communicated desires, expectations & 22 understanding of citizens and the government. Protests are a last resort.

23 THE INITIAL PROBLEM While there is already information dissemination the only real feedback is primarily in the form of objections And failing that protest! 23

24 TRUST? While there is increasing transparency E.g. with the Open Gov initiatives there remains a sneaking suspicion that the real influence lies with industry and other commercial heavy hitters and only acceptable information is released 24

25 MANCHESTER CITY COUNCIL CITIZEN PARTICIPATION Since Manchester City Council is actually interested in encouraging citizenship We can dig a little deeper to see what is possible by expanding the options 25

26 TRANSPORT & MOBILITY UPCOMING INITIATIVES and towards the built environment under Planning & Regeneration 26

27 MOVING PAST THE INFORMATION & OBJECTION OPPORTUNITIES There is a useful amount of information here, clearly displayed and from a wide range E.g. Advice on getting Planning Permission, Comment on a Project, Policies & Statements, Conservation Areas.Etc. 27

28 A LOT MORE USEFUL INFORMATION! However at this point we are coming to the end of the navigation and we have not yet had a chance to participate so a different approach is worth trying 28

29 THE COUNCIL & DEMOCRACY Out of all the other choices, this is the obvious other choice I am discussing top down and bottom up possibilities in Planning 29

30 A PROMISING START! Budgets & Spending, Aims & Objectives, Big Decisions Coming Soon 30

31 TO SHORT CUT THE NARRATIVE A LITTLE The Core Strategy & Statement of Community Involvement promised the greatest degree of citizenship involvement 31

$CORE STRATEGY\INTERRACTIVE PROPOSALS MAP This most promising avenue provided an almost static GIS map$

32 CORE STRATEGY\INTERRACTIVE PROPOSALS MAP This most promising avenue provided an almost static GIS map which when up and running will be able to display various types of information, including framework layers. 32

33 STATEMENT OF COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT REMAINS INFORMATIVE Information on how the Council is COMMUNITY FOCUSED! 33

34 COMPLEX SYSTEMS: TOP DOWN BOTTOM UP CITIZEN PARTICIPATION MANCHESTER GAMIFICATION SMART CITIES/BIG DATA INTERACTIVE URBAN FUTURES? PROJECTIVE URBAN MODELS POTENTIALS & RAMIFICATIONS PRECAUTIONARY TALES 34

35 Gamification originated in the digital media industry. (2008) Gamification is the use of game design elements in nongame contexts. A DEFINITION OF GAMIFICATION Deterding, Sebastian, et al. "From game design elements to gamefulness: defining gamification." Proceedings of the 15th International Academic MindTrek Conference: Envisioning Future Media Environments. ACM,

36 COMPLEX SYSTEMS: TOP DOWN BOTTOM UP CITIZEN PARTICIPATION MANCHESTER GAMIFICATION SMART CITIES/BIG DATA INTERACTIVE URBAN FUTURES? PROJECTIVE URBAN MODELS POTENTIALS & RAMIFICATIONS PRECAUTIONARY TALES 36

37 UCL CITY DASHBOARD! One of the most exciting new examples of live (5 min) data updates Which is available for all online and is also displayed for the Mayor?! 37

38 EVERYONE IS DESIGNING THEIR OWN MAP/VISUALISATION/APP The parallel availability of more data to grab and easier ways make your own apps is creating a huge number of independent accessible data sources 38 Often made by the users

39 GOOGLE EARTH IS 3D This is Leeds not Manchester, but Google is giving is the whole world digitised in 3D after having given up on Sketchup models being uploaded. Urban topographical data is becoming available 39

40 BUT AS YET THIS DIAGRAM HAS NOT BEEN UPDATED We are still working on the possibilities of smart cities being participative and interactive cities Rather than optimised cities with sensors everywhere for top down decisions 40

41 THERE ARE INCREASING ATTEMPTS E.G. OPEN BUDGET OAKLAND There are attempts to disseminate data specifically to encourage citizen feedback and suggestions which starts to suggest more open governance 41

42 OBAMA S OPEN GOVERNANCE An effort by the administration of President of the United States Barack Obama to "creating an unprecedented level of openness in Government Suggestions presented to the President in the Citizens Briefing Book 42

43 DATA.GOV Is the American website - The UK not to be left behind has launched DATA.GOV.UK But the interest in in the fact that it is supposed to be an open platform where citizens and developers are encouraged to develop their own uses and applications 43

BOTTOM UP INITIATIVES CAN CREATE CHANGE- VANCOUVER Province of British Columbia out of the blue announced it would spend $1 million (in Canadian

44 BOTTOM UP INITIATIVES CAN CREATE CHANGE- VANCOUVER Province of British Columbia out of the blue announced it would spend $1 million (in Canadian dollars) to address health and safety violations in a number of the single resident occupancy (SRO) buildings it owns in Vancouver. (mostly homeless shelters) 44

45 COMPLEX SYSTEMS: TOP DOWN BOTTOM UP CITIZEN PARTICIPATION MANCHESTER GAMIFICATION SMART CITIES/BIG DATA INTERACTIVE URBAN FUTURES? PROJECTIVE URBAN MODELS POTENTIALS & RAMIFICATIONS PRECAUTIONARY TALES 45

46 PROPOSE COMMENT VOTE THREE BUTTONS Simple interfaces directly about the built environment 46

47 PROPOSE MENU MENU MENU NEW CATEGORIES CATEGORIES PICK FROM MENU OR WRITE/DRAW A simple Genotype menu can be used to place Phenotypes into context based on knon 47 constraints

48 DIFFICULTY VOTES 890 MENU NEW CITY COUNCIL PARK DIFFICULTY OF IMPLEMENTATION & FEEDBACK IF ENOUGH VOTES Resistence to change should be incorporated, based on both viability and speed of 48 change E.g. a plot vs a house vs a road vs a railway line

49 COMPLEX SYSTEMS: TOP DOWN BOTTOM UP CITIZEN PARTICIPATION MANCHESTER GAMIFICATION SMART CITIES/BIG DATA INTERACTIVE URBAN FUTURES? PROJECTIVE URBAN MODELS POTENTIALS & RAMIFICATIONS PRECAUTIONARY TALES 49

50 SIMULATIVE MODELS ALLOW FORWARD PROJECTION Using the modelling methods we have been working on in self organising contexts with 50 CA s, Patterns and Stochastic Search Processes..

51 PROJECTED FUTURE THE IMPORTANCE OF PROJECTED FUTURES IN GAMIFICATION The possibility of developing simulative models over time allows us to potentially show the 51 player what the current COLLECTIVE decisions are potentially leading to..

52 THE PROPOSAL BEGINS TO MOVE TOWARDS Actual co-evolution and open source city. The tools and options within the interface itself 52 if an open platform can be customised and added to over time.

53 WHAT TO AVOID Better interfaces do not mean more participation 53

54 FUNDING INFORMATION GAMEPLAY DEVELOPER RESPONSE ACCESS SKILL LEVEL THERE ARE MANY CONSIDERATIONS This is an initial matrix that is in no way complete that describes some of the considerations and who is responsible for what 54

55 COMPLEX SYSTEMS: TOP DOWN BOTTOM UP CITIZEN PARTICIPATION MANCHESTER GAMIFICATION SMART CITIES/BIG DATA INTERACTIVE URBAN GOVERNANCE PROJECTIVE URBAN MODELS POTENTIALS & RAMIFICATIONS PRECAUTIONARY TALES 55

WE ARE ALL JEDI - 2001 In England and Wales 390,127 people (almost 0.

56 WE ARE ALL JEDI In England and Wales 390,127 people (almost 0.8%) stated their religion as Jedi on their 2001 Census forms, surpassing Sikhism, Judaism, and Buddhism, and making it the fourth largest reported religion in the country. 56

SMART PLACES WHAT. WHY. HOW.

SMART PLACES WHAT. WHY. HOW. @adambeckurban @smartcitiesanz We envision a world where digital technology, data, and intelligent design have been harnessed to create smart, sustainable cities with highquality