ECP EPN INTERNET OF THINGS DEN HAAG - 16 JUNI, 2014 QUESTIONS CONCERNING INFORMATION AND SOCIETY PROF. DR. BEN VAN LIER CMC

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1 ECP EPN DEN HAAG - 16 JUNI, 2014 INTERNET OF THINGS QUESTIONS CONCERNING INFORMATION AND SOCIETY PROF. DR. BEN VAN LIER CMC June 13, 2014

2 Sanderink Investments Centric Holding Oranjewoud N.V. (95,56%) (beursgenoteerd) Centric Netherlands Antea Group Centric International Strukton Group TITLE PRESENTATION June 13, 2014

3 CENTRIC HOLDING Centric Netherlands Centric International Software Solutions IT Outsourcing BPO Staffing Services Belgium France Germany Luxembourg Norway Romania Sweden Switzerland TITLE PRESENTATION June 13, 2014

4 istockphoto/nikada Knowledge.Transfer.Application. Philosophy of Science Systems Theory Interoperability of Information Network Centric Operations Prof. dr. Ben van Lier CMC

5 QUESTIONS?

6 PHENOMENOLOGY (MODERN ONTHOLOGY) Martin Heidegger The question concerning technology (1954) The essence of modern technology lies in Enframing; Thus the question as to how we are to arrive at a relationship to the essence of technology, asked in this way, always comes too, late. But never too late comes the question as to whether we actually experience ourselves as the ones whose activities everywhere, public and private, are challenged forth by Enframing. Above all, never too late comes the question as to whether and how we actually admit ourselves into that wherein Enframing itself comes to present. (1954/1977:24)

7 INTERNET OF THINGS HISTORY Mark Weiser Ubiquitous Computing (1991) The most profound technologies are those that disappear. They weave themselves into the fabric of everyday life until they are indisguishable from it. Kevin Ashton Internet of Things (1999) A system to describe where the Internet is connected to the physical world via ubiquitous sensors. Sundmaeker c.s. Internet of Things (2010) In the context of Internet of Things a thing could be defined as a real/physical or digital/virtual entity that exists and move in space and time and is capable of being identified either by assigned identification numbers, names and/or location addresses

8 CYBER PHYSICAL SYSTEMS Cyber Physical Systems (CPS) are smart networked systems with embedded sensors, processors and actuators that are designed to sense and interact with the physical world (including the human users), and support real-time, guaranteed performance in safety-critical applications where the proverbial blue screen of death can have catastrophic consequences.

9 ADVANCED MANUFACTURING The future ability of the USA to innovate and invent new products and Industries, provide high quality jobs, to citizens, and ensure national security depends on how well we support innovation and the development and use of advanced technologies for our manufacturing sector Report to the president 2011 Advanced manufacturing, a family of activities that (a) depend on the use and coordination of information, automation, computation, software, sensing and networking, and/or (b) make use of cutting edge materials and emerging capabilities enabled by the physical and biological sciences, for example nano technology, chemistry and biology. Report to the president 2011 Recommendations: Enabling innovation, securing the talent pipeline and improving business climate. Report to the president 2012

10 INDUSTRIAL INTERNET The Industrial internet brings together the advances of two transformative evolutions: the myriad machines, facilities, fleets and networks that arose from the industrial revolution, and the more recent powerful advances in computing, information and communication systems brought to the fore by the internet revolution

11 INDUSTRIES 4.0 This means that for the first time ever it is now possible to network resources, information, objects and people to create the Internet of Things and Services. The effects of this phenomenon will also be felt by industry. In the realm of manufacturing, this technological evolution can be described as the fourth stage of industrialisation, or Industries 4.0

12 SMART INDUSTRY DUTCH INDUSTRY FIT FOR THE FUTURE APRIL 2014 In the coming decade, a network-centric approach to production will replace linear production processes These networks will interconnect parts, products and machines across production plants, companies and value chains at a highly granular level. pp. 17 Digitisation is brought to another level within Smart Industry. Not only will it enable communication between all partners in the value chain, but digitisation of, for example, product quality, user-characteristics and production parameters based on sensory systems will also be crucial to new innovations in the production process, products and services. pp. 17 The third pillar to Smart industry is about the next generation of manufacturing technologies. New modular approaches, as well as next generation robots, new ways of manufacturing (e.g. 3D printing) and ubiquitous sensors will enable cost-effective by customers. pp.17 TITLE PRESENTATION June 13, 2014

13 ULTRA LARGE SCALE SYSTEMS Are independent webs of software reliant systems, people, cultures and economics Sociotechnical ecosystems Include people, organizations, and technologies at all levels with significant and often competing interdependencies. Dynamic communities Interaction between all entities roles, responsibilities, and information flows Competition for resources Rules, incentives, and adaptation Linda Northrop SEI Carnegie Mellon May 24, 2013 TITLE PRESENTATION June 13, 2014

14 QUESTIONS?

15 INFORMATICS SYSTEMS THEORY CYBERNETICS Claude Shannon The mathematical theory of Communication 1948 Frequently the messages have meaning. That is they refer to or are correlated to some system with certain physical or conceptual entities. These semantic aspects of communication are irrelevant to the engineering problem. Gregory Bateson Steps to an ecology of mind 1972 A bit of information is definable as a difference which makes a difference. Such a difference, as it travels and undergoes successive transformation in a circuit, is an elementary idea (pp. 315)

16 System INTEROPERABILITY OF INFORMATION II SYSTEMS THEORY Interoperability of Information Context Semantics Technology Context Semantics Technology N Systems Hybrid system Hybrid system The realisation of mutual relations between two or more systems and entities in order to use these connections to exchange and share information to further develop activities, functionality or production.

17 System INTEROPERABILITY OF INFORMATION VI Context Semantics Technology Information Utterance Understanding Interpenetration Interpenetration Context Semantics Technology N Systems Information Utterance Understanding Interpenetration Interpenetration exists when this occurs recirocally, that is, when both systems enable each other by introducing their own alreadyconstituted complexity into each other (1995:213)

18 System Enactment INTEROPERABILITY OF INFORMATION VII Enactment i.e. the act of assigning meaning Karl weick (1995) Context Semantics Technology Information Utterance Understanding Interpenetration Ecological change Interpenetration Enactment Information Utterance Understanding Context Semantics Technology N Systems We will call an interconnected collection of elements complex when because of immanent constraints in the elements connective capacity it is no longer possible at any moment to connect every element with every other element (1995:24)

19 IS THERE AN ETHICS OF ALGORITHMS KRAMER F. OVERVELD K PETERSON M ETHICS INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (2011) 13: An algorithm is, roughly speaking, a finite sequence of well-defined instructions that describe in sufficiently great detail how to solve a problem. (pp. 251) These algorithms are essentially value-laden if one cannot rationally choose between them without explicitly or implicitly taking ethical concerns into account (251) An algorithm comprises a value judgment if (but possibly not only if) two or more persons who accept different value judgments would have a rational reason to design or use the algorithm differently.(peterson Tue) the designer can decide that a variable shall have a particular value a value as part of the assessment of the degree to which a designobjective was met Variables which cannot be controlled by the designer (context variables) Auxilliary variable (interconnected?) pp 254 TITLE PRESENTATION June 13, 2014

20 NETWORK-CENTRIC (WARFARE) The difficulty will therefore no longer lie in understanding each individual, autonomous, autopoeitic and referential system, but in the existence and the nature of the relationship between these systems van Lier & Hardjono Systems Practice and Action Research (2011) volume 24 pg There is a concern in the medical society that such reliance on humans in the loop may compromise patient safety. Lee I. (2010:743) DAC 10 june Anaheim California

21 INTERNET OF THINGS - CONTEXT Paul Dourish Like ordinariness, context is managed moment by moment, achieved by those carrying out some activity together, and relative to that activity and to the forms of action and engagement that it entails. (2004:25)

22 PRINCIPLES OF CONTEXT Veiled reality Between thought and an independent reality indentified with beings Déspagnat (2013:388) Non-locality Place and Time independent Entanglement When two processes cannot be distinguished by any means, the state describing the two processes must then account for both potentialities simultaneously Dowling (2013:56/57) Observed Uncertainty These would always be, as Heisenberg puts it, an inexactness (Ungenauigkeit) in this conclusions Lindley (2007:147) TITLE PRESENTATION June 13, 2014

23 POSTHUMAN ONTHOLOGY Braidotti R. The Posthuman 2013 We as people need to learn to think differently about ourselves and to experiment with new fundamental schemes of thought about what counts as the new basic unit of common reference for the human. (2013:196) Lier v. B. Roozendaal A. and Hardjono T. This rapidly developing new reality requires a search for the new being in a highly technological environment. The search for a new being is as Heidegger states a question which belongs to metaphysics, because this question transcends the existing: in order to restore it as such and in its entirety for our understanding thereoff Studies in Spirituality (Forthcoming) TITLE PRESENTATION June 13, 2014

24 QUESTIONS?