CHAPTER 5 PROFILE OF CSIR INSTITUTIONS AND ITS LIBRARIES

Transcription

1 CHAPTER 5 PROFILE OF CSIR INSTITUTIONS AND ITS LIBRARIES 0. INTRODUCTION In the last five years, there has been a sea change in the economic, political and technological environment the world over. Age-old attitudes and mindsets are being discarded everywhere. India has been no exception; its economy has been unshackled and the forces of completion have been unleashed. A new vision of India as a major player in the global setting has been articulated. The wave of change sweeping the country and the world has thrown up myriad opportunities and at the same time posed daunting challenges for all sections of Indian society. These includes promotion, guidance and co-ordination of scientific and industrial research, collection and dissemination of information on research and industry, founding of laboratories to carry forward scientific and industrial research and utilization of the new knowledge so generated for development of industry. (CSIR 3) The Government of India has also announced a new Science and Technology Policy 2003 in the early years of the new century. It presents Science and Technology with a human face and emphasizes realities such as facing open, global competition; need for examining social, economic and environmental consequences of S&T; and, aggressive international benchmarking and innovation. It advocates strong support for basic research. It emphasizes manpower build-up and retention as important challenges. It advocates dynamism in S&T governance, through the participation of scientists and technologies. (CSIR) Various departments dealing with science and technology constitute Department of Scientific and Industrial Research and Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) came out from this Department of Scientific and Industrial Research. Departments under central government are given in the following figure as well as the list of 42 CSIR laboratories with their location and year of establishment is shown in Table 1. In this chapter profile of CSIR 74

2 libraries under study has been given according to the year of their establishment in a chronological order. Figure 5.1: Science & Technology Departments under Central Government ( 75

3 Table 5.1: List of CSIR Institutions S N Name of the Laboratory Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, HEAD QUARTER Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute Central Building Research Institute Centre for Cellular & Molecular Biology Central Drug Research Institute Central Electrochemical Research Institute Central Electronics Engineering Research Institute Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research, Dhanbad Central Food Technological Research Institute Central Glass & Ceramic Research Institute Central Institute of Medicinal & Aromatic Plants Central Leather Research Institute Central Mechanical Engineering Research Abbreviatio n Location Establishment CSIR HQ New Delhi 1942 AMPRI Bhopal 1981 CBRI Roorkee 1953 CCMB Hyderabad 1977 CDRI Lucknow 1953 CERI Karaikudi 1953 CEERI Pilani 1953 CIMFR Dhanbad 1950 CFTRI Mysore 1950 CGCRI Kolkata 1950 CIMAP Lucknow 1959 CLRI Chennai 1953 CMERI Durgapur

4 Institute CSIR Centre for CMMCS Mathematical Modelling 14 & Computer Simulation Bangalore 1980 Central Institute of CIMFR 15 Mining and Fuel Research Dhanbad 1950 Central Road Research CRRI 16 Institute New Delhi 1950 Central Scientific CSIO 17 Instruments Organisation Chandigarh CSIR Madras Complex CSIRMC Chennai 1942 Central Salt & Marine CSMCRI Chemicals Research 19 Institute Bhavnagar 1954 Institute of Genomics and IGIB 20 Integrative Biology New Delhi 1966 Institute of Himalayan IHBT 21 Bioresource Technology Palampur 1983 Indian Institute of IICB 22 Chemical Biology Kolkata 1935 Indian Institute of IICT 23 Chemical Technology Hyderabad 1952 Indian Institute of IIP 24 Petroleum Dehradun 1960 Indian Institute of IIIM 25 Integrative Medicine Jammu 1957 Indian Institute of IITR 26 Toxicology Research Lucknow 1965 Institute of Microbial IMT 27 Technology Chandigarh 1982 Institute of Minerals and IMMT 28 Materials Technology Bhubaneshwar 1964 National Aerospace NALB 29 Laboratories, Bangalore Bangalore 1959 National Botanical NBRI 30 Research Institute Lucknow

5 National Chemical Laboratory CSIR Unit for Research and Development of Information Products National Environmental Engineering Research Institute National Geophysical Research Institute National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science & Technology National Institute of Oceanography National Institute of Science Communication And Information Resources National Institute of Science, Technology And Development Studies National Metallurgical Laboratory National Physical Laboratory North East Institute of Science and Technology Structural Engineering Research Centre NCL URDIP NEERI NGRI NIIST NIO NISCIR NISTADS NML NPL NEIST SERC Pune 1950 Pune Nagpur 1958 Hyderabad 1961 Thiruvananthapura m 1975 Goa, 1966 New Delhi 1952/1964 New Delhi 1981 Jamshedpur 1950 New Delhi 1950 Jorhat 1959 Chennai 1965 The sample selected for the study included the following 15 libraries i. Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI), Chennai ii. Central Road Research Institute (CRRI), New Delhi iii. National Aerospace Laboratories (NAL), Bangalore 78

6 iv. National Physical Laboratory (NPL), New Delhi v. Central Electronics Engineering Research Institute (CEERI), Pilani vi. Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSMCRI), Bhavnagar vii. National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur viii. Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun ix. Council of Scientific and Industrial Research Head Quarter (CSIR HQ), New Delhi x. National Institute of Oceanography (NIO), Goa xi. Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), New Delhi xii. Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Hydrabad xiii. National Institute of Science, Technology and Development studies (NISTADS), New Delhi xiv. Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (IHBT), Palampur xv. National Information of Science Communication and Information Resources (NISCAIR), New Delhi 1. Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) The Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR) the premier industrial R&D organization in India was constituted in 1942 by a resolution of the then Central Legislative Assembly. It is an autonomous body registered under the Registration of Societies Act of CSIR aims to provide industrial competitiveness, social welfare, strong S&T base for strategic sectors and advancement of fundamental knowledge. It was established in as a autonomous, non-profit organization with a wide ranging charter of functions. These includes promotion, guidance and co-ordination of scientific and industrial research, collection and dissemination of information on research and industry, founding of laboratories to carry forward scientific and industrial research and utilization of the new knowledge so generated for development of industry. CSIR was also charged with other tasks such as rendering assistance to other institutions conducting research, awarding of fellowships and publishing of scientific journals. It is the name of the nationwide research platform consisting of a network of laboratories which spans the geographical dimensions of India. Its programmes which bridge various disciplines, address specific needs which arose in the process of social 79

7 transformation in the post-colonial context and meets the demands which our society faces in this period of globalization. (CSIR) Today CSIR is recognised as one of the worlds largest publicly funded R&D organisations having linkages to academia, R&D organisations and industry. CSIR s 42 laboratories (as shown in following figure) not only knit India into a giant network that impacts and add quality to the life of each and every Indian but CSIR is also party to the prestigious Global Research Alliance with the objective of applying global knowledge pool for global good through global funding. CSIR s R&D portfolio embraces areas as diverse as Aerospace, Biotechnology, and Chemicals indeed; almost the ABC-Z of Indian Science and the mission of the CSIR is to provide scientific industrial R&D that maximises the economic, environmental and societal benefits for the people of India. Geographical map of CSIR labs with their locations in India and the organisational structure is being shown in the following figure. 80

8 Figure 2: Geographical Map of CSIR Labs with their Locations in India.( 81

9 CSIR ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURE CSIR SOCIETY President: Prime Minister, Government of India Vice president: Minister of Science and Technology MEMBERS GOVERNING BODY ADVISORY BOARD DIRECTOR GENERAL PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL BOARD MANAGEMENT COUNCIL LABORATORIES (42) Head: Director RESEARCH COUNCIL Figure 3: CSIR Organisational Structure ( 82

10 1.1 CENTRAL LEATHER RESEARCH INSTITUTE (CLRI) (1948) The institute was established on the recommendation on the leather research committee of the board of scientific and industrial research planning committee.the government of madras donated acres of land in the Guindy area and reclaimed it at their cost for housing the institute. The foundation stone of the institute was laid on 24 April 1948 by Dr. Shyama Prasad Mukherjee. The institute was formerly inaugurated by T. T. Krishnamachari on 15 January The Regional Extension Centre was established in 1961 with a view to disseminating the research findings to the tanneries in Bihar, Orissa, West Bengal, northeastern council states. (INSDOC 41) a. Objectives: To help in the development of the age-old Indian leather industry by (I) putting it on the lap of science and (II) tack link through science and technology the industry s economic and social problems; to generate technology and technical and scientific knowledge through research and development and disseminate the technology and knowledge thus generated to improve raw stock quality of leather and find newer sources of raw materials for augmenting supplies and substituting imports ; to attempt improvement over the existing processes and products ; to provide technical know half for the manufacture of various types of leathers ; to maximize indigenous production of tanning materials,auxiliaries and machinery needed for the production of finished leathers and leather products ; to stimulate leather and more profitable utilization of by products ; to take steps to bring together trade, science and the state at various levels in improving exports and maintain liaison with the development in the leather industry and technology elsewhere; to undertake such fundamental works as would produce a build up of knowledge constituting a suitable take off stage for useful innovations ; and to trained technical personnel.(clri) Library The Library is a focal point for information on leather, footwear and allied disciplines, whether it is the science and technology, the economics and the commerce or the fashion and 83

11 design aspects of leather and leather products. The library strives to be a "National Library for Leather". Other than leather and footwear, the library has books, periodicals and other print and digital materials relating to the bio-sciences such as biochemistry, bioengineering, biomechanics, biotechnology; chemical science and chemical engineering, environmental science and technology and polymer science and technology. The library has 345 members. Members includes, Research Scholars, Scientist, technical and non technical and administrative staff of the institute. The working hours of the library are 9.00am to 5.30pm. The library has library committee and the librarian is convenor of the library committee. The total staff strength of the library is 10. Among this two are professionals and three are semi-professionals. The library is using DSpace, library digitization software for institution repositories. The library has in its leather collection rare books dating back as much as 100 years, the early editions of books authored by luminaries and doyens in the field and reports of various pre- and post- independence government committees. The collection of leather journals in more than 15 languages is one of the strong points of the library and many of them are available from the first issue itself. In addition to monographs, journals and reports the leather collection also consists of Ph. D dissertations, both Indian and foreign. The library holds books, bound volumes of journals, 400 reports, 150 periodicals subscribed, and 200 dissertations. The services rendered by the library are, Reference Service, IIL, SDI, CAS, etc. 1.2 CENTRAL ROAD RESEARCH INSTITUTE (CRRI) (1950) The institute was established on the recommendation of the industrial Research Planning Committee of which Mr. R.K.S. Chetty was the chairman. The road research planning and advisory committee constituted by the governing body of CSIR drew a plan for the establishments of the institute. The foundation stone of the building of the institute was laid on 6 th September 1950 by Mr. N. Gopalaswamy Iyengar and it was declared open on 16 th July 1952 by Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru. Central Road Research Institute (CRRI), a premier national laboratory established in 1948, a constituent of Council of Scientific and Industrial Research 84

12 (CSIR) is engaged in carrying out research and development projects on design, construction and maintenance of roads and runways, traffic and transportation planning of mega and medium cities, management of roads in different terrains, improvement of marginal materials, utilization of industrial waste in road construction, landslide control, ground improvements environmental pollution, road traffic safety and analysis & design, wind, fatigue, corrosion studies, performance monitoring/evaluation, service life assessment and rehabilitation of highway & railway bridges. The institute provides technical and consultancy services to various user organizations in India and abroad. For capacity building of human resources in the area of highway engineering to undertake and execute roads and runway projects, Institute has the competence to organize National & International Training Programmes continuing education courses since 1962 to disseminate the R&D finding to the masses. (INSDOC 53) a. Objectives: To carry out (I) basic and applied research related to design, construction, maintenance and characteristics of different types of roads and runways, including aggregates, bitumen, etc. (II) research and development in all aspects of road traffic and transportation engineering, including study of accidents, developments of roads safety devices, psychology of road users, transportation economics to develop labour intensives methods and manual aids for the construction of low cost all whether village roads and appropriate tools, machinery, equipment and instruments for adopting technologies related to highway engineering; to make available the necessary infrastructure in equipments and expertise related to highway transportation engineering and allied subjects for achieving solutions of special problems ; to assess institutions /departments in the scientific studies of problems concerning roads,road transportation and related practices in particular regions; to undertake the establishment, maintenance and management of extension units, display centres etc. to demonstrate and utilize results of research for highway transportation engineering development in the country; and to enter into the agreement with foreign scientific agencies for the exchange of scientific personnel, training programmes, joint projects and providing technical assistants for setting up institutions connected with roads and road transportation engineering. (CRRI) Library The name of library is S R Mehta Library. S R Mehta library provides documentation services to the scientists, engineers, planners and administrators in the field of highways and 85

13 transportation. Access to the full text e-journals is being provided through internet from various publishers like Elsevier. ASCE, Springer. Membership offered to the regular staff of the institute. Few organisations related to government department which are located in Delhi and NCR are also the members of the library. The library has total 264 members including research scholars and scientist. The working hours of the library are 9.00am to 5.30pm. The library has library advisory committee. The convenor of the committee is librarian. The total staff of the library is 7.The library is located in the main building of institution. The library has 10 computer, 4 printers, 1 scanner and 1 server. The collection of the library includes books, bound volume of the journals, and thesis 35. The library use UDC for classification and AACR2 for the card catalogue for bibliographic information of document. The services offered by the library are, reference service, document delivery service, photo copy service, inter library loan service, CAS and SDI service. (CRRI) 1.3 NATIONAL AEROSPACE LABORATORIES (NAL) (1950) In the late 1950 s the Government of India took policy decision that the country must achieve self-sufficiency in aeronautics. The National Aeronautical Laboratories was created as a result of recommendations of the Aeronautical Research Committee of the CSIR.the laboratories started functioning in rented premises in Bangalore from 1960 as an institution for providing back up R&D support to aeronautical activities in the country. National Aerospace Laboratories (NAL), Bangalore is a constituent Institution under the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research of India. NAL is a high technology oriented institution concentrating on advanced topics in the aerospace and related disciplines. Originally started as National Aeronautical Laboratory, it was renamed National Aerospace Laboratories to reflect its major involvement in the Indian space programme, its multidisciplinary activities and global positioning. It is India s only civilian aerospace laboratory with a high level of competence and the expertise of its scientists is globally acknowledged. (INSDOC 88) a. Objectives: To investigate the problems of flight with a view to there practical application to the design and construction flight vehicles. Emphasis is laid on the deliberate and planned growth of disciplines relevant to the flight vehicle development in order that the laboratory may develop research/development capabilities and facilities for the prototype development of 86

14 such flight vehicles.an important aspect of the functioning of the laboratory is the continued awareness of the importance of research and development in aerospace which normally takes place in the forefront of science and technology and to undertake applied work in allied fields base upon the disciplines developed in the laboratory. CSIR-NAL today is spread across two campuses, five kilometres apart. Each campus has an area of about 100 acres. Both these campuses are interconnected with high-speed computer networks for exchange of scholarly communication. Physical connectivity between the campuses is operated via shuttle bus operations. (NAL) Library The NAL Library and Information Centre (ICAST), an ISO-9001:2000 Certified Centre along with its parent organisation NAL was established in the year The library has been recognised as the National Information Centre for Aerospace Science and Technology (ICAST) in 1975 by the National Information System for Science and Technology (NISSAT/DSIR), UNESCO and AR&DB. ICAST with its state-of-the-art expertise, infrastructure and services caters to the information requirements of the Indian aerospace community in particular and the engineering and technical personnel in general (ICAST Mission Statement). ICAST is well known for its aerospace collections of books, journals and specifically technical reports from NASA, DLR, ONERA, NLR, ARL and UTIAS. The centre offers Online, Web and CD-ROM based literature search services including access to e- journals, News clipping services, Online Public access Catalogue, Union Catalogue of Serials held by CSIR/ Aerospace Libraries. The Centre is equipped with necessary infrastructure and trained manpower. The centre has created a portal 'AeroInfo' for Aerospace Science & Technology, the first of its kind in the country which serves as one window information search facility for Web sources in aerospace community in the world in general and India in particular. The library has 656 members. The membership is offered to permanent employee of the institute. Membership is also offered to outside the library on certain terms and conditions. The library has very flexible timings. The working hours of the library are 8.30am to 5.30pm. The library remains open during Saturday from 9.00am to 4.30pm. It does not open during gazetted holidays. The library has library committee. The total staff is 20 among this 4 peoples 87

15 are non professionals. The library is located in the main building of the institution and is well equipped with I T resources. It is giving many services, including, scanning, alerts, SDI, CAS, Photocopy and scanning, Document delivery, inter library loan etc. The library is well equipped with 25 computers, 10 printers, 6 scanners, 4 servers. It has books, bound volumes of the journals, reports, 9000 standards and 1200 thesis. The library has brilliant staff. The follows CC for classification of publications. It follows the AACR2 scheme for the cataloguing. (NAL ) 1.4 NATIONAL PHYSICAL LABORATORY (NPL) (1950) The National Physical Laboratory is one of the earliest national laboratories set up under the Council of Scientific & Industrial Research. Late Shri Jawaharlal Nehru laid the foundation stone of NPL on the 4th January Late Dr. K. S. Krishnan, FRS, was the first Director of the laboratory. The main building of the laboratory was formally opened by Late Deputy Prime Minister Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel. On the 21st January 1950.The Silver Jubilee Celebration of the Laboratory were inaugurated by Late Prime Minister, Shrimati Indira Gandhi, on 23rd December The main aim of the laboratory is to strengthen and advance physics-based research and development for the overall development of science and technology in the country. In particular its objectives are: To establish, maintain and improve continuously by research, for the benefit of the nation, National Standards of Measurements and to realize the Units based on International System (Under the subordinate Legislations of Weights and Measures Act 1956, reissued in 1988 under the 1976 Act). The NPL is one of the earliest laboratories to be established on the recommendations of the Industrial Research Planning Committee, chaired by Sir R.K. Shanmukham Chetty. The foundation stone of the laboratory was laid by Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru on 4 th January 1947 and it was formerly opened by Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel on 21 st January 1950.the physics section of the earlier directorate of Scientific and industrial research laboratory was amalgamated with this laboratory. Prof. K.S.Krishnan, FRS was its first director. The silver jubilee celebration of the laboratory was inaugurated by the Prime Minister Smt. Indira Gandhi (INSDOC 118) 88

16 a. Objectives: To establish, maintain and improve continuously by research national standards of measurement for the benefit of the nation, to realize the units based on International System to identify and conduct research areas of physics which are most appropriate to the needs of the nation and for advancement in the field to assist industries, national and other agencies in their development task by precision measurements, calibration, development of devices, processes etc. related to physics; and to keep itself inform and study critically the status of physics in the nation and in the world. The library holds the Subject Areas of Collection in Physics, Chemistry, Radio & Atmospheric Sciences, Gen. Science, Metrology, Materials Sciences, Electronics, Reference Books, Mathematics, Computers & Communications, and Library & Information Sc.. Books: 44,381; Books in Hindi: 1,336; Back Volumes of Journals: 73,369; Current Journals: 87; Online Electronic Journals: (w.e.f. Feb. 2005); Databases: 3. (NPL ) Library The NPL library is one of the oldest among all the CSIR family. It has unique collection of books in physical science. Earlier the name of the library was Dr K S Krishnan library. Now its name changed to Knowledge Resource Centre (KRC). Library does not offer membership outside the institute, except some govt. organisation. All the regular employees on roll can be members of the library. The total members of the library are 480, includes 140 research scholars, academy student, 188 scientist, 18 administrative staff and 45 technical and non technical staff. The working hours of the library are 9.00am to 6.30pm.The working days of the library is from Monday to Friday. Library does not open during gazetted holidays. The library has library committee. The convenor of the committee is librarian. Total staff is 12, includes 6 professionals, 2 semi-professionals, and 1 non professional and 3 helper on daily paid basis. The library is located within the main building. LIBsys automation software is used. It has 16 computer, 5 printer, 2 scanners and 2 servers. The library has collection of book 44600, bound volumes of the journals, 150 reports, standards, 36 theses; use UDC for the subject wise classification of the numbers to be printed on spine for shelving and follows the AACR2 cataloguing scheme. Information 89

17 analysis: Undertaking analysis of publication output by impact factor of the reporting journals, country of publication, institutional affiliation of the author, and broad subject fields, etc. It serves as user interface between the library resources and the library users. The library provides physical access to resources of libraries across the countries. It gives photocopy of documents from in-house collection to users on demand. 1.5 CENTRAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING RESEARCH INSTITUTE (CEERI) (1953) The foundation stone of the institute was laid on 21 st September 1953 and the construction work of the building was commenced in October The essential equipment and facilities were commissioned in the beginning of Central Electronics Engineering Research Institute, popularly known as CEERI, is a constituent establishment of the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), New Delhi. The foundation stone of the institute was laid on 21st September, 1953 by the then Prime Minister Pt. Jawahar Lal Nehru. The actual R&D work started towards the end of The Institute (CEERI) has since blossomed into a center of excellence for development of technology and for advanced research in electronics. Over the years the institute has developed a number of products and processes and has established facilities to meet the emerging needs of electronics industry. The Extension Center, Madras was established in January1974 for providing necessary research, development and testing facilities of the electronic industries / units existing in the functional industrial states on the request of government of Tamilnadu. Central Electronics Engineering Research Institute (CEERI), Pilani, is a pioneer Research Institute in the Country and a constituent laboratory of Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), New Delhi, established in 1953, for advanced Research and Development (R&D) in the field of Electronics. Since its inception it has been working for the growth of electronics in the country and has established the required infrastructure and well experienced manpower for undertaking R&D in Electronics. (INSDOC 18) a. Objectives: To act as the centre for research and development of advance technologies in electronics; and to play a pioneering role in achieving self-reliance. To carry out R&D in 90

18 electronic devices and systems, to assist industry in technology absorption, up-gradation and diversification, to provide R&D services to industry and users in design, fabrication and testing to provide technical services for specific needs towards product development, precision and quality. CEERI Knowledge Resource Centre (KRC) is well-equipped with all resources in the form of books, journals, standards, patents, specifications, reports etc. KRC is committed to provide world class information-support to its users. KRC is located adjacent to the main institute building. KRC has a collection of more than 40,000 documents. The collection mainly includes electronics and its allied subjects. The centre makes use of information resources and provides the most comprehensive access to e-journals, e-books, e-patents, e- Standards etc for the benefit of its scientists, officers and other users. (CEERI 2-6) LIBRARY CEERI Knowledge Resource Centre (KRC) is well-equipped with all resources in the form of books, journals, standards, patents, specifications, reports etc. KRC is committed to provide world class information-support to its users. KRC is located adjacent to the main institute building. KRC has a collection of more than 40,000 documents. The collection mainly includes electronics and its allied subjects. The centre makes use of information resources and provides the most comprehensive access to e-journals, e-books, e-patents, e-standards etc for the benefit of its scientists, officers and other users. All regular employees, project staff and student trainees are provided with membership facility. The library has total 202 members, among them 32 are research scholars, 115 are scientist and 55 are technical and administrative staff. The membership is limited to institute only. The working hours of the library are 9.00am to 5.30pm. The library has library committee. The convenor of the committee is librarian. The library has total 5 staff. It is located in the main building of institution. The library has 10 computers, 3 printers, 2 scanner and server. The library uses LIBsys library automation software. For the digitization, library uses, DSpace open source software. It has books, bound volumes of the printed journals, 400 reports and 80 theses. AACR-II is used for cataloguing and UDC for giving classification numbers. The services offered by the library are - Reference Service, Document supply, Photocopy, CAS, SDI, ILL, Translation, Reservation, 91

19 1.6 CENTRAL SALT AND MARINE CHEMICALS RESRACH INSTITUTE (CSMCRI) (1954) The institute was established as the Central Salt Research Institute on the recommendation of Salt Expert Committee to carry out R&D work to assists salt industry in India, improve the quality and yield of salt and develop processes of manufacturing different grades of salt. The Late His Highness Hon. Krishna Kumar Singhji, maharaja of Bhavnagar gave wholehearted support and donated a building called State Guest House. it was inaugurated by Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru on 10 th April The scope of the R&D work was enlarged later to include recovery of marine chemicals and accordingly it was renamed in 1961 as the Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research institute. In April 1948, the Government of India constituted a Salt Expert Committee under the chairmanship of Shri P.A. Narielwala to advise the Government on the measures necessary to place the Indian salt industry on a sound footing. After examining a number of salt works in India, the Committee came to the conclusion that if the quality of salt is to be improved and the salt works are to operate economically and efficiently, it would be necessary (i) to devote more attention to research, (ii) that model factories be set up in the principal salt producing centres to serve as demonstration units for both small scale and large scale manufacture, and (iii) that research stations be established to investigate methods of improving the quality and the yield of salt and also of recovering the by products. In September 1951, Shri C.C. Desai, the then Secretary of the Ministry of Works, Production and Supply, proposed that a Central Salt Research Institute be established under the aegis of CSIR for carrying out research on marine salt, and salt from inland lakes and sub-soil brine. It was suggested that the Institute be located at some centre in Saurashtra; the Ministry of Works, Production and Supply would support any proposal for a grant from the Salt Development Cess for setting up the Institute. (INSDOC 57) a. Objectives: To carry out basically industrially and socio-economically useful R&D work on (I) salt, marine chemicals, inorganic chemicals, marine algae, sea weed chemicals, desalination by reverse osmosis, electro dialysis and solar stills, ion exchange resin synthesis (II) Preparation of pure chemicals using ion exchange technique (III) sea water agriculture (IV) solar energy and wind energy utilization for domestic, rural and industrial use; and to establish support between the institute and entrepreneur/users of technical know-how inside 92

20 the country or abroad, mainly developing countries for the commercial utilization of the technical know-how and the processes developed. The mission of the Institute and its people is to work in partnership with visionary sponsors and collaborators to generate the knowledge and innovations required for efficient utilization of our coastal wasteland, sea water, marine algae, solar power and silicates. The Institute will also harness its capabilities in biosciences, chemical transformation, process engineering, environmental monitoring, separation science and analysis to address focused needs of industries and organizations in the region and beyond. (CSMCRI 3-7) Library The well equipped Knowledge Resource Centre (Library) at CSMCRI is a research-oriented library caters the scientific information support for the disciplines of Inorganic Chemicals and Catalysis, Membrane Science and Separation Technology, Bio-Salinity, Application of Nonconventional Energy Sources and Environmental Monitoring. Users are welcome to the library to borrow, to study, to read journals, magazines, books and electronic resources. It is open to the scientists, research scholars, post-graduate students as well for corporate industries for browsing. The library has been automated using Alice for Windows (AfW) an international userfriendly library package. The software facilitates automated circulation (issue-return) of books and speedy access to bibliographic, location and availability information of the books in the library. Library has its own webpage. This facility is also available on INTRANET within CSMCRI Campus to benefit the scientists/research scholars by giving access to link at their respective fields. The borrowing membership is open to the corporate, students, academicians and researchers. This is based on annual membership subscription. The users are governed by normal rules and regulations concerning borrowing. All regular employees, project staff and student trainees are provided with membership facility. The working hours of the library are 9.00am to 5.30pm. The KRC remains open on all the working days of the year except on government holidays and Sundays. The library is has library committee, collection development policy and procurement of journals done after the opinion of the committee. The total manpower in the library is seven. CSMCR library is automated; It has 10 computers, five printers, 2 scanners, 93

21 one server. The library has books, bound volumes of the journals. As soon as new books are purchased and processed, their bibliographic description is added in the OPAC. Two terminals have been dedicated for the readers to use OPAC for their search of books. Users are constantly kept aware of the latest books added to the KRC through display of selected books and book jackets in the new arrival corner. Thematic displays are also organized on various occasions. 'New Books List' is sent to all the disciplines from time to time through . KRC Orientation Programme is arranged for the new scientists/staff in the beginning to familiarize them with various KRC services, sections of the KRC and their working. Training to use KRC portal is also provided to the new staff members. The KRC is a member of National Knowledge Resources Consortium which is providing access to more than 5500 e-journals and several databases covering wide disciplines. 1.7 NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING RESEARCH INSTITUTE (NEERI) (1958) The institute, a national laboratory under the CSIR was established at Nagpur under the name of Central public Health Engineering Research Institute (CPHERI). The institute has put in considerable R&D efforts and developed indigenous know-how to tackle a wide variety of problems relating to environmental engineering. In view of the enlarged ambit of work, the institute was renamed as National Environmental Research Institute in July 1974, on suggestion of Smt. Indira Gandhi, the prime minister of India, and the president of CSIR. The World Health Organization has recognized the institute as WHO collaborating centre in community water supply, waste, disposal and air pollution control. The institute has developed linkages with various international and national bodies such UNEP, WHO, UNIDO, IERC, EPA, AIT, CEPIS. The National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur was established in 1958 as Central Public Health Engineering Research Institute (CPHERI), when environmental concerns were limited to human health with a focus on water supply/sewage disposal/ communicable diseases and to some extent on industrial pollution and occupational 94

22 diseases. The chemical and biological solutions to address these problems were simple, though challenging. However, slowly world wide public awareness on the contamination of environment on regional to global scale started getting attention in 1970 s. Shrimati Indira Gandhi, the then Prime Minister of India, rechristened the Institute as National Environmental Engineering Research Institute(NEERI) Nagpur is devoted to research and innovations in environmental science and engineering besides solving a range of problems posed by industry, government and public. It is a constituent of Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR), New Delhi and has a nation-wide presence with its five zonal laboratories at Chennai, Delhi, Hyderabad, Kolkata and Mumbai. (INSDOC 97) a. Objectives: To conduct research in various areas of environmental engineering with special reference to air pollution control; air quality monitoring; aquatic biology; domestic waste management and disposal ecology; ecosystem; environmental engineering systems, environmental impact analysis; environmental microbiology and virology; epidemiology health education; industrial waste management and disposal; instrumentation; network analysis; rural sanitation; solid waste management; waste water treatment and disposal ; water quality modeling ; water supply engineering ; water treatment ; to develop appropriate technology using indigenous raw materials ; and to offer consultancy services.(neeri) Library The Library & Documentation Division is a specialized Knowledge Resource center in environmental science and engineering providing access to bibliographic and full text digital and printed information resources. The library is equipped with latest infrastructure for online information access. The membership is given to all the regular staff of the institute. The total members of the library are 280. The members includes, Scientist, Research scholars, technical, technicians and from administration. The working hours of the library are 9.00am to 5.30pm. The library has library advisory committee. Who take decision regarding to implementation of new things. The librarian is the convenor of this committee. The total library staffs are 8 in count. All the staffs keep the knowledge and take care of users. All are polite and helpful. The library has huge space to accommodate the collection added every year. The library is within the main building of the institute. The library has good electronic resources. It has provided 95

23 separate computer terminals for user for accessing the e-resources. It is well equipped with 12 computers, 4 printers, 1 scanner and server. The library has specialised collection in the area of environmental science and engineering. It is also rich in its collection in the subject area of environmental science. It has books, bound volumes of journal, 250 technical reports and 65 theses. CD resources and audiovisual films are available in the library. When the any publication receives the library, after that technical processing of books is done. This process helps to keep the publication at the proper place in the library, so that user can easily get the document. AACR2 scheme is being used for cataloguing and UDC for classification. The library provides Reference service, Document supply service, Translation service on demand and, Inter Library Loan service and book reservation facility. 1.8 INDIAN INSTITUTE OF PETROLEUM (IIP) (1959) The decision to establish the institute was taken up by the governing body of the CSIR in The institute was establish with the collaboration of institute Francis du Petrole (IFP) and it started functioning in September 1960 in temporary laboratories in the Central Road Research Institute, New Delhi. The institute shifted to its permanent location in Dehradun during (INSDOC 77) a. Objectives: To undertake research and development work of petroleum, petrochemicals, petroleum products and natural gas; to conduct market surveys and techno economic studies; to train personnel for oil and petrochemical industry; to assists the Indian Standards Institution in formulating standards for the petroleum industry and to compile information on the production and the utilization of petroleum products, natural gas and petrochemicals. CSIR- IIP, an ISO 9001:2008 institute, is a national laboratory under CSIR, which carries out research and development for downstream sector of the hydrocarbon industry. We have developed and transferred more than fifty technologies to industry, in the area of petroleum refining, natural gas, petrochemicals, chemicals and utilization of petroleum products. We assist refineries in value addition of petroleum products, provides technical services to the petroleum industry impart training to the personnel, assist BIS in formulation of standards for petroleum products and conducts techno-economic feasibility studies & market demand 96

24 surveys of petroleum products. The IIP library has a unique collection and special users Library The main objective of IIP library is to fulfil the information needs of the employees of the Institute and the petroleum sector at large. The Library is fully computerized each and every document is bar-coded. As the name implies the library is a part of Indian Institute of Petroleum which is a national laboratory established in 1959 under aegis of Council of Scientific and Industrial Research. The objectives of CSIR includes as follows: To undertake research and developmental work on the processing and utilization of crude petroleum and natural gas and in the field of petrochemicals. To compile information on the production and utilization of petroleum, natural gas and their products petrochemicals. To conduct market survey and techno- economic studies. To train personnel for the oil and petrochemical industries and for the Indian Institute of Petroleum. To assist the Indian Standards Institution in formulating standards for petroleum products of the institute. The IIP library has a unique collection and special users. The main objective of IIP library is to fulfil the information needs of the employees of the Institute and the petroleum Sector at large. The Library is fully computerized each and every document is bar-coded. The library has open access system. The total members of the library are 360. Research scholars are 60, scientists are 180, administrative are 20 and 100 members are technical. Membership is being to out side s people too with few Rs. Membership charges. Membership id offered to R & D Institute/ University/ Govt. Organization/Educational Institute. Open on all working days from 9.00am to 5.30pm. The library remains closed on all National Holidays, Saturday and Sundays. The library has a advisory committee. The library has 6 staff members, comprises 1 professional, 3 semi-professional and 2 non professional. The library is with in the main building of the institute. Library is well equipped with 15 computer, 4 printers, 2 scanners and 97

25 2 servers. The library is automated with LIBsys software. The library has books, bound journals, 400 reports and 65 theses. AACR2 for cataloguing and UDC for classification is being used. The services provided by the library to their users are, reference service, inter library loan service, Photo copy service, CAS and SDI service, document supply service. Translation service on demand is also provided. The online Public Access Catalogue is available to the users at their desktops by which users can search the library for the desired information based on Subjects, Author, Title, and Publishers etc. The library provides current awareness services. A list of newly received books and loose issues of the journals is also available online. Library provides on line full text news related to Petroleum and Energy sector published in the eight national news papers same day to the readers at their desktop. A separate desk has created in the library for the CSIR consortium on E-Journals access and for access to the ASTM, BIS and SciFinder. The library also provides on line SDI service to the scientists apart from this it also provides Reprographic and Reference services to the readers and the facility of consultation to the persons of other organizations. Library is in the process of developing its Institutional Repository, more then 440 articles written by our scientist with full text is uploaded. 1.9 COUNCIL OF SCIENTIFIC AND INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH HEAD QUARTER (CSIR HQ) (1964) The genesis of the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) can be traced to the Indian industrial commission, which, in 1918, had urged the government to promote applied research, and to the central industrial intelligence and research bureau, later known as the Industrial Research Bureau set up in The bureau was superseded by the board of scientific and industrial research established in The board was later converted into an advisory board and a new organization, designated, as the council of scientific and industrial research was constituted in 1942 with the object of promoting science and its application visà-vis national development. The Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR) the premier industrial R&D organization in India was constituted in 1942 by a resolution of the then Central Legislative Assembly. It is an autonomous body registered under the Registration of Societies Act of CSIR aims to provide industrial competitiveness, social welfare, 98

26 strong S&T base for strategic sectors and advancement of fundamental knowledge. (INSDOC 5) a. Objectives: To provide scientific industrial R&D that maximises the economic, environmental and societal benefits for the people of India CSIR focuses on. (i) Promotion, guidance and coordination of scientific and industrial research in India including the institution and specific researches; (ii) establishment or development of and assistance to special institution or departments of existing institutions for scientific study of problems affecting particular industries and trades; (iii) establishments and award of research studentship and fellowships; (iv) utilization of the results of the researches conducted under the auspices of the council towards the development of industries in the country; (v) establishment,maintenance and management of laboratories, workshops, institutes and organizations to further scientific and industrial research and to utilize and exploit for purpose of experiment or otherwise any discovery or invention likely to be of use to Indian industries ;(vi) collection and dissemination of information in regard not only to research but also to industrial matters generally ; (vii) publication of scientific papers and journals; and (viii) any other activity or activities to promote generally the objects of the society. The CSIR is the name of the nationwide research platform consisting of a network of laboratories which spans the geographical dimensions of India. Its programmes which bridge various disciplines, address specific needs which arose in the process of social transformation in the post-colonial context and demands which our society faces in this period of globalization. This multidisciplinary and multi location council runs 42 laboratories and several field centres which carry out fundamental and applied R&D in all areas of science and technology, barring atomic energy. The dynamic dimension of the network is the pool of knowledge and expertise of over 5000 active scientists of repute, supported by over 10,000 scientific and technical personnel. This scientific infrastructure was built up over six decades at a cost of equivalent to 1 billion US dollars at current value. The foresight of its founding vision has been vindicated by CSIR's capability to serve not only as a national R&D infrastructure but also a platform for international collaboration and research projects, thanks to its inter-laboratory and interdisciplinary experience. It now works on an annual budget of around $250 million (CSIR) 99