This booklet is published biannually. Please note that figures may vary according to the exact time of the survey.

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2 This booklet is published biannually. Please note that figures may vary according to the exact time of the survey. The figures included in this booklet are based on survey and analysis of statistics as of December OECD regularly publishes R&D statistics comparing various countries, and international comparisons in this booklet are mostly based on the latest version of their biannual publication, Main Science & Technology Indicators The source of each indicator is stated in detail (in some cases with URL). The sum of individual figures and the total may not be identical due to issues such as significant figures. - For example, figures were rounded to the nearest integer when recomputing statistics or adjusting units (thousand KRW 100 million. Differences between the sum of individual figures and the total may arise from these processes. Some figures were recalculated from original data by the publishers to suit the purpose of the indicator. Thus some figures of the final year may not have been calculated. - For example, although GDP data for 2014 is available, R&D investment as a percentage of GDP was calculated only up to 2013 for certain countries where 2014 figures are unknown. Rankings were based on data of the most recent year obtained (or recomputed).

3 Category Subcategory Indicator Page R&D Expenditure R&D Personnel 1. Gross Domestic Expenditure on R&D (GERD) 2. Business Enterprise Expenditure on R&D (BERD) 3. Government Intramural Expenditure on R&D (GOVERD) 4. R&D Personnel 5. Nurturing Human Capital 1. GERD in Korea 5 2. GERD in major countries 5 3. GERD per capita population and per researcher in Korea 6 4. GERD per capita population and per researcher (FTE) in major countries 6 5. GERD by performance sectors in Korea 6 6. of GERD by performance sectors in major countries 7 7. GERD by source of funds in Korea 7 8. of GERD by source of funds in major countries 7 9. GERD by type of R&D in Korea GERD by type of R&D in major countries GERD by future and emerging technologies (6T) in Korea GERD by region in Korea of BERD financed by government in Korea of BERD financed by government in major countries BERD by business type in Korea BERD by industry in Korea BERD by industry in major countries BERD performed in R&D-intensive industries of major countries BERD and its percentage relative to sales BERD as a percentage of value added in industry BERD intensity in Korea World s top 50 companies by BERD Total GBAORD in Korea Total GBAORD in major countries GOVERD in Korea GOVERD by performance sectors in Korea GOVERD by type of R&D GOVERD by ministry in Korea GOVERD by future and emerging technologies (6T) in Korea GOVERD by region in Korea Total researchers and total R&D personnel in Korea Total researchers and total R&D personnel in major countries (FTE) Total researchers per 10,000 population, per 1,000 total employment and per 1,000 labor force (FTE) in Korea Total researchers per 10,000 population, per 1,000 total employment and per 1,000 labor force (FTE) in major countries Researchers by sector of employment in Korea of researchers by sector of employment in major countries Women researchers in Korea Women researchers in major countries Distribution of researchers by sector of employment and qualification Researchers by qualification in Korea Researchers by field of science Researchers by age Researchers by region in Korea Researchers by business types in Korea Researchers by industry in Korea Researcher and doctoral researcher intensity of the top companies in Korea Principal investigators of government R&D projects by sector, gender, and degree Current and shortfall of S&T industry personnel in Korea Number of students enrolled in bachelor s, master s and doctoral programs in Korea Number of science and engineering graduates with master s and doctoral degrees in Korea of science and engineering doctorate holders relative to the total number of doctorate holders and to working age groups in major countries 25

4 Category Subcategory Indicator Page R&D Performance Other R&D Statistics 6. Publications 7. Patents 8. Technology Trade 9. International Trade in High-Tech Industries 10. National Competitiveness 11. Energy and Resources 12. Green Growth and Technology 13. Space 52. of people employed in science and engineering relative to the total number of people in employment Number of papers published in SCI journals by Korea Number of papers published in SCI journals by major countries Number of papers published in SCI journals per 10,000 population or per 100 researchers (FTE) in Korea Number of papers published in SCI journals per 10,000 population or per 100 researchers (FTE) in major countries Average citations per paper over five-year periods Average citations per paper over five-year periods in major countries Number of papers published in top 3 journals Number of papers published by region Domestic patent applications and patent grants in Korea Domestic patent applications and patent grants by region in Korea Number of triadic patent families by Korea Number of triadic patent families by major countries Number of patent applications to and grants from the USPTO by Korea Number of patent applications to and grants from the USPTO by major countries Top 10 companies granted U.S. Patents Number of patent applications to and grants from the EPO by Korea Number of patent applications to and grants from the EPO by major countries Number of patent applications to the PCT by Korea Number of patent applications to the PCT by major countries Number of patent applications to the PCT in the ICT and biotechnology sector (priority year) Technology balance of payments in Korea Technology balance of payments in major countries International trade in R&D-intensive industries of Korea International trade in R&D-intensive industries of major countries ICT industry trade in Korea ICT industry trade in major countries Competitiveness ranking of Korea (IMD) Competitiveness ranking of major countries (IMD) Competitiveness ranking of Korea in scientific infrastructure (IMD) Competitiveness ranking of Korea in technological infrastructure (IMD) Global Competitiveness of Korea (WEF) Global Competitiveness ranking of major countries (WEF) COmposite Science and Technology Index (COSTII) of Korea Electricity supply and demand in Korea Petroleum and LNG supply in Korea Total primary energy supply per 1,000 USD of GDP in major countries Nuclear electricity as a percentage of total electricity generation Overseas natural resource exploitation by Korea Renewable energy supply in Korea Contribution of renewables to energy supply in major countries CO2 emissions in major countries (kg per PPP $ of GDP) R&D expenditure on green technology as a percentage of GOVERD R&D budget for energy and environment as a percentage of GBAORD Space programs as a percentage of civil GBAORD BERD performed in aerospace industry in major countries Biotechnology 98. Biotechnology industry in Korea Population and GDP per capita in major countries Economic Indicators 100. Labor force, value added of industry, and exchange rates (2014) 43

5 Ⅰ. Main Science and Technology Indicators Main Science and Technology Indicators 1. R&D Expenditure and Personnel Korea USA Japan Germany France UK China Gross Domestic Expenditure on R&D USD) 605 (6 th ) 4,570 (1 st ) 1,709 (3 rd ) 1,064 (4 th ) 626 (5 th ) 435 (7 th ) 1,912 (2 nd ) - Ratio As a percentage of GDP Government Public: 37:63 24:76 35:65 24:76 30:70 Private Foreign Ratio (ʼ12) 33:67 21:76 Government Expenditure on R&D USD) - As a percentage of GDP Total Researchers (1,000 FTE) Total Researchers per 1,000 labor force (FTE) 169 (5 th ) (6 th ) 13.0 (4 th ) 1,357 (1 st,ʼ14) ,265 (2 nd,ʼ12) 8.1 (19 th,ʼ12) 345 (2 nd,ʼ14) (3 rd ) 10.0 (10 th ) 341 (3 rd,ʼ14) (5 th ) 8.4 (16 th ) 197 (4 th,ʼ14) (7 th ) 9.3 (11 th ) 150 (6 th ) (8 th ) 8.1 (20 th ) The sum of Government Public: Private Abroad ratio in China is less than 100.0% Total R&D expenditure in Korea: 63.7 trillion KRW, Government R&D budget: 18.9 trillion KRW (ʼ15) 2. R&D Performance Publications Patents Technology balance of payments R&D-intensive industries IMD evaluation (ʼ15) SCI Papers Number of triadic patent families Number of patent applications to the PCT ( 14) Receipts (A, 100 million USD) Payments (B, 100 million USD) Balance of payments ratio (A/B) R&D-intensive balance of payments USD) Competitiveness ranking - - 1,484 (1 st ) 1.9 (38 th ) Korea USA Japan Germany France UK China 54, ,850 77, ,765 71, , ,633 (12 th ) (1 st ) (5 th ) (4 th ) (6 th ) (3 rd ) (2 nd ) 3,154 (4 th ) 13,117 (5 th ) ,606 (2 nd ) 61,477 (1 st ) 15,970 (1 st ) 42,380 (2 nd ) 5,465 (3 rd ) 17,983 (4 th ) 2,484 (5 th ) 8,260 (6 th ) 1,770 (7 th ) 5,269 (7 th ) 1, ,785 (6 th ) 25,548 (3 rd ) -1, , Science Technology KOREA Main Science & Technology Indicators

6 Ⅱ. R&D Expenditure R&D Expenditure 1. Gross Domestic Expenditure on R&D(GERD) GERD in Korea GERD in major countries Korea GERD (million USD) 45,016 49,225 54,164 60,528 As a percentage of GDP USA GERD (million USD) 428, , ,977 As a percentage of GDP Japan GERD (million USD) 199, , ,910 As a percentage of GDP Germany GERD (million USD) 104, , ,440 As a percentage of GDP France GERD (million USD) 62,711 59,803 62,615 As a percentage of GDP UK GERD (million USD) 43,868 42,660 43,528 As a percentage of GDP China GERD (million USD) 134, , ,205 As a percentage of GDP Source: OECD, Main Science & Technology Indicators (stats.oecd.org) MSIP KISTEP, Survey of Research and Development in Korea KOREA Main Science & Technology Indicators

7 Ⅱ. R&D Expenditure GERD per capita population and per researcher in Korea GERD per capita (1,000 1, , , ,264.0 GERD per researcher (million GERD per capita population and per researcher (FTE) in major countries GERD per capita population (USD) GERD per researcher (FTE) (USD) Korea ,079 1,200 USA 1,374 1,388 1,444 Japan 1,563 1,561 1,342 Germany 1,283 1,241 1,296 France UK China Korea 155, , , ,210 USA 342, ,708 Japan 304, , ,763 Germany 309, , ,366 France 251, , ,127 UK 174, , ,837 China 101, , ,841 FTE (Full-time equivalent) takes into account the amount of researchers actual participation in labor Source: OECD, Main Science & Technology Indicators (stats.oecd.org) MSIP KISTEP, Survey of Research and Development in Korea GERD by performance sectors in Korea GERD GERD GERD GERD Business enterprises 381, , , , Higher education 50, , , , Government/ Private non-profit 66, , , , Total 498, , , , Non-profit organizations are included in government sector 06 KOREA Main Science & Technology Indicators

8 Ⅱ. R&D Expenditure of GERD by performance sectors in major countries (2014) Non-profit organizations are included in government sector Source: OECD, Main Science & Technology Indicators (stats.oecd.org) MSIP KISTEP, Survey of Research and Development in Korea GERD by source of funds in Korea GERD GERD GERD GERD Government 130, , , , Private 367, , , , Abroad 1, , , , Total 498, , , , of GERD by source of funds in major countries Korea USA Japan Germany France (ʼ12) UK China Government Private Abroad Total The sums of Government Public: Private Overseas ratio of Germany and China are less than 100.0% Source: OECD, Main Science & Technology Indicators (stats.oecd.org) MSIP KISTEP, Survey of Research and Development in Korea KOREA Main Science & Technology Indicators

9 Ⅱ. R&D Expenditure GERD by type of R&D in Korea GERD Basic research Applied research Development research GERD GERD GERD 90, , , , , , , , , , , , Total 498, , , , GERD by type of R&D in major countries Korea USA (ʼ12) Japan France (ʼ12) UK (ʼ12) China Basic research Applied research Development research For Japan and France, other sources are excluded such that the total does not add up to 100.0% Source: OECD, Research and Development Statistics, 2015 (stats.oecd.org) GERD by future and emerging technologies (6T) in Korea GERD GERD GERD GERD Information Technology (IT) 168, , , , Biotechnology (BT) 40, , , , Nanotechnology (NT) 62, , , , Space Technology (ST) 6, , , , Environment Technology (ET) 54, , , , Culture Technology (CT) 5, , , , Others 162, , , , Total 498, , , , KOREA Main Science & Technology Indicators

10 Ⅱ. R&D Expenditure GERD by region in Korea GERD GERD GERD GERD Seoul 92, , , , Busan 9, , , , Daegu 6, , , , Incheon 19, , , , Gwangju 6, , , , Daejeon 55, , , , Ulsan 7, , , , Sejong 1, , Gyeonggi 208, , , , Gangwon 3, , , , Chungbuk 8, , , , Chungnam 29, , , , Jeonbuk 6, , , , Jeonnam 5, , , , Gyeongbuk 20, , , , Gyeongnam 16, , , , Jeju 1, , , , Total 498, , , , KOREA Main Science & Technology Indicators

11 Ⅱ. R&D Expenditure 2. Business Enterprise Expenditure on R&D (BERD) of BERD financed by government in Korea For all business enterprises For small medium sized businesses and start-ups (sts.ntis.go.kr) of BERD financed by government in major countries Korea USA Japan Germany France UK China Source: OECD, Main Science & Technology Indicators (stats.oecd.org) MSIP KISTEP, Survey of Research and Development in Korea BERD by business type in Korea BERD BERD BERD BERD Large Corp. 283, , , , Small & medium 52, , , , Start-up 46, , , , Total 381, , , , KOREA Main Science & Technology Indicators

12 Ⅱ. R&D Expenditure BERD by industry in Korea BERD Manufacturing 334, , , ,282 Coke, refined petroleum products, chemicals and chemical products, rubber and plastic products Electrical machinery and apparatus, radio, TV and communications equipment 40,725 41,423 47,559 45, , , , ,506 Motor vehicles and trailers 45,373 48,935 52,764 58,763 Services 33,801 37,771 39,382 41,172 Manufacturing Coke, refined petroleum products, chemicals and chemical products, rubber and plastic products Electrical machinery and apparatus, radio, TV and communications equipment Motor vehicles and trailers Services BERD by industry in major countries Korea USA (ʼ12) Japan Germany (ʼ12) France (ʼ12) UK (ʼ12) Manufacturing Services Source: OECD, Research and Development Statistics, 2015 (stats.oecd.org) MSIP KISTEP, Survey of Research and Development in Korea BERD performed in R&D-intensive industries of major countries Korea USA (ʼ12) Japan Germany (ʼ12) France (ʼ12) England (ʼ12) BERD (million USD) 23, ,031 45,067 17,809 13,375 11, MSTI defines R&D-intensive industries as pharmaceutical, computer, electronic and optical, and aerospace industry Source: OECD, Main Science & Technology Indicators (stats.oecd.org) KOREA Main Science & Technology Indicators

13 Ⅱ. R&D Expenditure BERD and its percentage relative to sales BERD as a percentage of value added in industry (%, 2013) Korea USA Japan Germany France UK China BERD as a percentage of value added in industry ( 12) Source: OECD, Main Science & Technology Indicators (stats.oecd.org) BERD intensity in Korea Top 5 companies Top 10 companies Top 20 companies BERD intensity is the sum of BERD of top firms (in terms of BERD size) as a percentage of the total BERD. 12 KOREA Main Science & Technology Indicators

14 Ⅱ. R&D Expenditure World s top 50 companies by BERD (2014) Rank Name Country Rank Name Country 1 VOLKSWAGEN Germany 26 ASTRAZENECA UK 2 SAMSUNG Korea 27 GLAXOSMITHKLINE UK 3 MICROSOFT USA 28 ERICSSON Switzerland 4 INTEL USA 29 BAYER Germany 5 NOVARTIS Switzerland 30 FIAT CHRYSLER Italy 6 GOOGLE USA 31 AIRBUS Netherlands 7 ROCHE Switzerland 32 AMGEN USA 8 JOHNSON & JOHNSON USA 33 GENERAL ELECTRIC USA 9 TOYOTA MOTOR Japan 34 NISSAN MOTOR Japan 10 PFIZER USA 35 BRISTOL-MYERS SQUIBB USA 11 GENERAL MOTORS USA 36 ELI LILLY USA 12 MERCK US USA 37 SONY Japan 13 FORD MOTOR USA 38 PANASONIC Japan 14 DAIMLER Germany 39 EMC USA 15 HUAWEI China 40 HEWLETT-PACKARD USA 16 CISCO SYSTEMS USA 41 NOKIA Finland 17 ROBERT BOSCH Germany 42 ABBVIE USA 18 APPLE USA 43 DENSO Japan 19 SANOFI-AVENTIS France 44 BOEHRINGER INGELHEIM Germany 20 HONDA MOTOR Japan 45 TAKEDA Japan 21 BMW Germany 46 LG ELECTRONICS Korea 22 ORACLE USA 47 TOSHIBA Japan 23 QUALCOMM USA 48 GILEAD SCIENCES USA 24 SIEMENS Germany 49 TATA MOTORS India 25 IBM USA 50 SAP Germany Source: EU, The 2015 EU Industrial R&D Investment Scoreboard (iri.jrc.ec.europa.eu/scoreboard.html) KOREA Main Science & Technology Indicators

15 Ⅱ. R&D Expenditure 3. Government Intramural Expenditure on R&D (GOVERD) Total Government Budget Appropriations or Outlays for R&D (GBAORD) in Korea General account 116, , , ,022 Special account 24,882 27,215 28,346 29,961 Funds 19,026 19,472 18,953 20,248 Total GBAORD 160, , , ,231 Source: KISTEP, Analysis of current government budget fund for R&D in 2015 Total GBAORD in major countries Total GBAORD (million USD) As a percentage of GDP Korea USA Japan Germany France UK 16, ,665 34,464 34,107 19,660 15, Source: OECD, Main Science & Technology Indicators (stats.oecd.org) 14 KOREA Main Science & Technology Indicators

16 Ⅱ. R&D Expenditure GOVERD in Korea GOVERD 148, , , ,395 Number of projects 41,619 49,948 50,865 53,493 GOVERD by performance sectors in Korea Research institutes GOVERD GOVERD GOVERD GOVERD 64, , , , Universities 37, , , , Business enterprises 32, , , , Ministries 3, , , , Others 10, , , , Total 148, , , , GOVERD by type of R&D GOVERD GOVERD GOVERD GOVERD Basic research 33, , , , Applied research 22, , , , Development research 54, , , , Total 110, , , , Calculated according to the Manual for Counting Basic Research Portion of the Government R&D Budget s were calculated excluding instances where categorization was difficult (ex. research equipment and facilities) KOREA Main Science & Technology Indicators

17 Ⅱ. R&D Expenditure GOVERD by ministry in Korea GOVERD 16 KOREA Main Science & Technology Indicators GOVERD GOVERD Education 14, , , Prime Minister Office 4, , , Defense Land, Infrastructure, Transportation 4, , , Meteorological , Agriculture, Food, and Rural Affairs 1, , , Rural Development 5, , , Cultural Heritage Culture, Sports, and Tourism MSIP 51, , , Defense Acquisition 23, , , Government-wide Health and Welfare 3, , , Forest Trade, Industry and Energy 31, , , Food and Drug Safety Nuclear Safety Small and Medium Businesses 7, , , Oceans and Fisheries 4, , , Environment 2, , , Others , Total 159, , , GOVERD by future and emerging technologies (6T) in Korea GOVERD GOVERD GOVERD GOVERD Information Technology (IT) 26, , , , Biotechnology (BT) 25, , , , Nanotechnology (NT) 6, , , , Space Technology (ST) 7, , , , Environment Technology (ET) 22, , , , Culture Technology (CT) 1, , , , Others 46, , , , Total 136, , , , Subjects: Science and technology related and national defence R&D programs

18 Ⅱ. R&D Expenditure GOVERD by region in Korea GOVERD GOVERD GOVERD GOVERD Seoul 35, , , , Busan 4, , , , Daegu 3, , , , Incheon 3, , , , Gwangju 3, , , , Daejeon 41, , , , Ulsan 1, , , , Sejong , Gyeonggi 21, , , , Gangwon 1, , , , Chungbuk 3, , , , Chungnam 3, , , , Jeonbuk 2, , , , Jeonnam 1, , , , Gyeongbuk 5, , , , Gyeongnam 7, , , , Jeju , Total 141, , , , Subject: National R&D programs classified by region (except overseas and others) KOREA Main Science & Technology Indicators

19 Ⅲ. R&D Personnel R&D Personnel 4. R&D Personnel Total researchers and total R&D personnel in Korea (Year) Total researchers and total R&D personnel in major countries (FTE) Total researchers (FTE) Total R&D personnel (FTE) Korea 288, , , ,463 USA 1,252,948 1,265,064 Japan 656, , ,489 Germany 338, , ,365 France 249, , ,177 UK 251, , ,347 China 1,318,086 1,404,017 1,484,040 Korea 361, , , ,868 Japan 869, , ,523 Germany 575, , ,861 France 402, , ,588 UK 356, , ,061 China 2,882,903 3,246,840 3,532,817 Source: OECD, Main Science & Technology Indicators (stats.oecd.org) MSIP KISTEP, Survey of Research and Development in Korea 18 KOREA Main Science & Technology Indicators

20 Ⅲ. R&D Personnel Total researchers per 10,000 population, per 1,000 total employment and per 1,000 labor force (FTE) in Korea Total researchers (FTE) 288, , , ,463 Total researchers per 10,000 population (FTE) Total researchers per 1,000 total employment (FTE) Total researchers per 1,000 labor force (FTE) Total researchers per 10,000 population, per 1,000 total employment and per 1,000 labor force (FTE) in major countries Korea USA (ʼ12) Japan Germany France UK China Researchers per 10,000 population (FTE) Researchers per 1,000 total employment (FTE) Researchers per 1,000 labor force (FTE) Source: OECD, Main Science & Technology Indicators (stats.oecd.org) MSIP KISTEP, Survey of Research and Development in Korea Researchers by sector of employment in Korea Researchers Business enterprises Higher education Public research institutes Researchers Researchers Researchers 250, , , , , , , , , , , , Total 375, , , , of researchers by sector of employment in major countries (%, 2013) Korea Japan Germany France UK China Business enterprises Universities Public research institutes Source: OECD, Research and Development Statistics, 2015 (stats.oecd.org) MSIP KISTEP, Survey of Research and Development in Korea KOREA Main Science & Technology Indicators

21 Ⅲ. R&D Personnel Women researchers in Korea Total researchers 375, , , ,447 Women researchers 65,067 70,997 74,617 80,904 Women researchers as a percentage of total researchers Women researchers in major countries Korea Japan Germany (ʼ11) France (ʼ12) UK (ʼ12) Women researchers 80, , ,879 91, ,375 As a percentage of total researchers Source: OECD, Research and Development Statistics, (stats.oecd.org) MSIP KISTEP, Survey of Research and Development in Korea Distribution of researchers by sector of employment and qualification (2014) 20 KOREA Main Science & Technology Indicators

22 Ⅲ. R&D Personnel Researchers by qualification in Korea Researchers Researchers Researchers Researchers Doctor 84, , , , Master 116, , , , Bachelor 154, , , , Others 19, , , , Total 375, , , , Researchers by field of science Researchers Researchers Researchers Researchers Natural science 48, , , , Engineering 253, , , , Medicine & health 20, , , , Agricultural science 9, , , , Humanities 19, , , , Social science 23, , , , Total 375, , , , Researchers by age Age Researchers Researchers Researchers Researchers Under 29 65, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , Over 60 6, , , , Total 375, , , , KOREA Main Science & Technology Indicators

23 Ⅲ. R&D Personnel Researchers by region in Korea Researchers Researchers 22 KOREA Main Science & Technology Indicators Researchers Researchers Seoul 96, , , , Busan 12, , , , Daegu 8, , , , Incheon 13, , , , Gwangju 7, , , , Daejeon 27, , , , Ulsan 4, , , , Sejong 1, , Gyeonggi 126, , , , Gangwon 5, , , , Chungbuk 10, , , , Chungnam 17, , , , Jeonbuk 7, , , , Jeonnam 3, , , , Gyeongbuk 15, , , , Gyeongnam 14, , , , Jeju 2, , , , Total 375, , , ,

24 Ⅲ. R&D Personnel Researchers by business types in Korea Researchers Researchers Researchers Researchers Large corp. 132, , , , Small & medium sized 63, , , , Start-up 54, , , , Total 250, , , , Researchers by industry in Korea Number of researchers Manufacturing 198, , , ,429 Coke, refined petroleum products, chemicals and chemical products, rubber and plastic products Electrical machinery and apparatus, radio, TV and communications equipment 24,252 26,821 27,954 29,148 89,703 93,716 93,269 99,608 Motor vehicles and trailers 24,724 27,582 28,261 30,842 Services 43,481 50,270 53,219 58,187 Manufacturing Coke, refined petroleum products, chemicals and chemical products, rubber and plastic products Electrical machinery and apparatus, radio, TV and communications equipment Motor vehicles and trailers Services Researcher and doctoral researcher intensity of the top companies in Korea Researchers Doctoral researchers Top 5 companies Top 10 companies Top 20 companies Top 5 companies Top 10 companies Top 20 companies KOREA Main Science & Technology Indicators

25 Ⅲ. R&D Personnel Principal investigators of government R&D programs by sector, gender, and degree in Korea Research institutes Researchers Researchers Researchers Researchers 3, , , , Universities 13, , , , Sector Business enterprises 6, , , , Others 1, , , , Government ministries Total 25, , , , Male 22, , , , Gender Female 2, , , , Total 24, , , , Doctor 18, , , , Degree Master 2, , , , Bachelor and under 3, , , , Total 24, , , , Analysis includes principal investigators science and technology R&D programs (excludes R&D programs in humanities and social sciences, and classified national security R&D programs). From 2012, surveys were extended to include small cooperative projects, increasing the number of principal investigators. For projects by sector, individuals with multiple affiliations were counted multiple times Current and shortfall of S&T industry personnel in Korea Current personnel 1,508,242 1,554,084 Shortfall of personnel 37,391 36,383 of shortfall Source: Ministry of Trade, Industry & Energy (MOTIE), Survey Reports on S&T Industry Personnel ( 24 KOREA Main Science & Technology Indicators

26 Ⅲ. R&D Personnel 5. Nurturing Human Capital Number of students enrolled in bachelor s, master s and doctoral programs in Korea Bachelor s program Master s program Doctoral program Total 1,976,912 1,989,744 2,008,930 1,989,440 Science & engineering 682, , , ,595 of science & engineering Total 231, , , ,680 Science & engineering 48,093 46,954 46,815 47,179 of science & engineering Total 54,198 57,494 60,972 63,195 Science & engineering 22,693 24,732 27,071 28,534 of science & engineering Science and engineering is the sum of students in natural sciences and engineering. Bachelor s curriculum is the sum of 2/3-year curriculums and 4-year curriculums. Number of enrolled students excludes students on leave. Source: Ministry of Education, Statistical Yearbook of Education (kess.kedi.re.kr) Number of science and engineering graduates with master s and doctoral degrees in Korea Master s degree Doctoral degree Total 82,765 82,938 82,805 81,664 Science & engineering 20,909 20,469 20,043 20,078 of science & engineering Total 12,243 12,625 12,931 13,077 Science & engineering 5,292 5,414 5,523 5,614 of science & engineering Science and engineering is the sum of students in natural sciences and engineering majors Source: Ministry of Education, Statistical Yearbook of Education (kess.kedi.re.kr) of science and engineering doctorate holders relative to the total number of doctorate holders and to working age groups in major countries of science and engineering doctorate holders relative to the total number of doctorate holders (ʼ08~ʼ12) Korea USA Japan Germany France UK China (ʼ07~ʼ09) Science and engineering is the sum of students in natural sciences and engineering majors Source: OECD, Science, Technology and Industry Scoreboard 2015 ( (ʼ09~ʼ12) of people employed in science and engineering relative to the total number of people in employment (%, 2002, 2012) Korea USA Japan Germany France ( 09) UK ( 03) ( 03) Source: OECD, Science, Technology and Industry Scoreboard 2015 ( KOREA Main Science & Technology Indicators

27 Ⅳ. R&D Performance R&D Performance 6. Publications Number of papers published in SCI journals by Korea Number of papers published 45,708 49,897 52,194 54,691 World share World ranking World share is the relative share to the total number of papers published worldwide. It is different from the relative share to the sum of the number of papers published yearly by each nation, which is greater than the total number of papers published worldwide due to papers co-authored by multiple countries Source: MSIP, SCI Analysis Research, 2015 Number of papers published in SCI journals by major countries Korea USA Japan Germany France UK Number of papers 45,708 49,897 52,194 54,691 World share World ranking Number of papers 366, , , ,850 World share World ranking Number of papers 77,592 78,343 79,766 77,552 World share World ranking Number of papers 96, , , ,765 World share World ranking Number of papers 67,728 69,922 72,551 71,720 World share World ranking Number of papers 101, , , ,578 World share World ranking Number of papers 162, , , ,633 China World share World ranking World share is the relative share to the total number of papers published worldwide. It is different from the relative share to the sum of the number of papers published yearly by each nation, which is greater than the total number of papers published worldwide due to papers co-authored by multiple countries. Source: MSIP, SCI Analysis Research, KOREA Main Science & Technology Indicators

28 Ⅳ. R&D Performance Number of papers published in SCI journals per 10,000 population or per 100 researchers (FTE) in Korea Number of papers (SCI) per 10,000 population Number of papers (SCI) per 100 researchers (FTE) Source: Papers (SCI) - MSIP, SCI Analysis Research, 2015 Researchers (FTE) - Main Science & Technology Indicators (stats.oecd.org) Number of papers published in SCI journals per 10,000 population or per 100 researchers (FTE) in major countries Korea USA Japan Germany France UK China Number of papers (SCI) per 10,000 population ( 14) Number of papers (SCI) per 100 researchers (FTE) ( 13) (ʼ12) Source: Papers (SCI) - MSIP, SCI Analysis Research, 2015 Researchers (FTE) - Main Science & Technology Indicators (stats.oecd.org) Average citations per paper over five-year periods 2007~ ~ ~ ~2014 Average citations per paper over five-year periods World average of citations Average number of citations per paper over a five-year period is the average cumulative number of citations from the year of publication to 2013 over the five-year period. Source: MSIP, SCI Analysis Research, 2015 Average citations per paper over five-year periods in major countries (2010~2014) Korea USA Japan Germany France UK China Average number of citations per paper over a five-year period is the average cumulative number of citations from the year of publication to 2014 over the five-year period. Source: MSIP, SCI Analysis Research, 2015 KOREA Main Science & Technology Indicators

29 Ⅳ. R&D Performance Number of papers published in top 3 journals NATURE SCIENCE CELL Total Only full-length papers (Articles and Reviews) were counted. Source: MSIP, SCI Analysis Research, 2015 Number of papers published by region (2014) Co-authorship First authorship Number of papers Number of Papers Seoul 27, , Busan 4, , Daegu 3, , Incheon 2, , Gwangju 2, , Daejeon 8, , Sejong Ulsan 1, Gyeonggi 12, , Gangwon 2, , Chungbuk 2, Chungnam 2, , Jeonbuk 2, , Jeonnam Gyeongbuk 3, , Gyeongnam 2, , Jeju Others Total 82, , Source: MSIP, SCI Analysis Research, KOREA Main Science & Technology Indicators

30 Ⅳ. R&D Performance 7. Patents Domestic patent applications and patent grants in Korea Patent applications 178, , , ,292 Patent grants 94, , , ,786 Source: Korean Intellectual Property Office (kipo.go.kr) Domestic patent applications and patent grants by region in Korea Patent applications Patent grants Seoul 43,132 44,439 47,737 48,969 21,980 25,150 29,369 28,315 Busan 4,132 4,459 4,738 5,337 2,104 2,523 2,850 2,790 Daegu 3,568 3,835 4,054 4,470 1,959 2,247 2,641 2,701 Incheon 6,139 6,150 6,185 6,438 2,943 4,135 4,478 4,351 Gwangju 2,093 2,387 2,436 2,612 1,247 1,427 1,589 1,626 Daejeon 10,112 11,190 11,197 11,118 5,223 6,569 7,809 7,550 Sejong 2,722 3,215 3,072 2, ,013 1,149 1,284 Ulsan Gyeonggi 40,109 44,130 50,234 50,468 22,583 24,761 26,558 28,275 Gangwon 1,638 1,881 2,186 2, ,162 1,315 1,381 Chungbuk 2,574 2,919 2,776 3,226 1,644 1,774 1,718 1,854 Chungnam 4,923 5,192 6,020 6,473 2,600 2,800 3,379 3,598 Jeonbuk 3,051 3,536 3,789 3,501 1,041 1,405 1,615 1,777 Jeonnam 1,942 1,824 2,026 2, ,125 1,177 1,445 Gyeongbuk 7,008 7,314 7,634 7,235 3,557 4,216 5,946 5,723 Gyeongnam 4,415 4,935 5,017 5,502 2,362 2,963 3,076 3,465 Jeju Others Total 138, , , ,073 72,258 84,061 95,667 97,294 Refers to the first applicant s address 'Others' include those who are Korean citizens but do not have an address in Korea (overseas residents, soldiers, etc) Source: Korean Intellectual Property Office (kipo.go.kr) KOREA Main Science & Technology Indicators

31 Ⅳ. R&D Performance Number of triadic patent families by Korea Triadic patent families 2,460 2,668 2,887 3,154 Triadic patent families per million population Triadic patent families per 10,000 researchers (FTE) Triadic patent families: Patents applied to EPO and JPO, and granted by USPTO Source: OECD, Main Science & Technology Indicators (stats.oecd.org) Number of triadic patent families by major countries (2013) Korea USA Japan Germany France UK China Triadic patent families 3,154 14,606 15,970 5,465 2,484 1,770 1,785 Triadic patent families per million population Triadic patent families per 10,000 researchers (FTE) (ʼ12) Source: OECD, Main Science & Technology Indicators (stats.oecd.org) Number of patent applications to and grants from the USPTO by Korea Patent applications 27,289 29,481 33,499 36,744 Patent grants 12,262 13,233 14,548 16,469 The number of patent applications: utility patents by their filing year Source: USPTO (uspto.gov) Number of patent applications to and grants from the USPTO by major countries (2014) Korea USA Japan Germany France UK China Patent applications 36, ,096 86,691 30,193 11,947 13,157 18,040 Patent grants 16, ,621 53,849 16,550 6,691 6,487 7,236 The number of patent applications: utility patents by their filing year Country: Nationality of the first patentee. Hong Kong and Macao are not included for China Source: USPTO (uspto.gov) 30 KOREA Main Science & Technology Indicators

32 Ⅳ. R&D Performance Top 10 companies granted U.S. Patents Rank Number of patents Company Number of patents Company 1 6,788 INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION 7,481 INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION 2 4,652 SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS CO., LTD. 4,936 SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS CO., LTD. 3 3,820 CANON KABUSHIKI KAISHA 4,048 CANON KABUSHIKI KAISHA 4 3,073 SONY CORPORATION 3,214 SONY CORPORATION 5 2,659 MICROSOFT CORPORATION 2,829 MICROSOFT CORPORATION 6 2,582 Panasonic Corporation 2,586 QUALCOMM, INC. 7 2,365 TOSHIBA CORPORATION 2,566 GOOGLE, INC. 8 2,103 QUALCOMM, INC. 2,537 TOSHIBA CORPORATION 9 1,945 LG ELECTRONICS INC. 2,119 LG ELECTRONICS INC. 10 1,851 GOOGLE, INC. 2,079 Panasonic Corporation Source: USPTO (uspto.gov) Number of patent applications to and grants from the EPO by Korea Patent applications 4,891 5,721 6,333 6,141 Patent grants 1,424 1,785 1,989 1,891 Source: EPO, Annual Report (epo.org) KOREA Main Science & Technology Indicators

33 Ⅳ. R&D Performance Number of patent applications to and grants from the EPO by major countries (2014) Korea USA Japan Germany France UK China Patent applications 6,141 36,491 22,018 25,621 10,557 4,687 4,624 Patent grants 1,891 14,384 11,120 13,086 4,728 2,072 1,186 Source: EPO, Annual Report (epo.org) Number of patent applications to the PCT by Korea 10,357 11,787 12,381 13,117 PCT (Patent Cooperation Treaty): International patent law treaty that provides a unified procedure for filing patent applications to protect inventions in each of its contracting states. Source: WIPO, WIPO Statistics Database, (ipstats.wipo.int) Number of patent applications to the PCT by major countries (2014) Korea USA Japan Germany France UK China PCT 13,117 61,447 42,380 17,983 8,260 5,269 25,548 Rank Source: WIPO, WIPO Statistics Database, (ipstats.wipo.int) Number of patent applications to the PCT in the ICT and biotechnology sector (priority year) (2013) Korea USA Japan Germany France UK China ICT 5,332 23,948 16,648 4,033 2,121 2,077 12,067 Biotechnology 512 4,729 1, Source: OECD, Main Science & Technology Indicators (stats.oecd.org) 32 KOREA Main Science & Technology Indicators

34 Ⅳ. R&D Performance 8. Technology Trade Technology balance of payments in Korea Receipts (million USD) 4,032 5,311 6,846 9,765 Payments (million USD) 9,901 11,052 12,038 15,540 Balance of payments (million USD) -5,868-5,741-5,192-5,776 Balance of payments ratio (Receipts/Payments) Source: MSIP Korea Industrial Technology Association, Statistics Report on the Technology Trade of Korea Technology balance of payments in major countries (2013) Korea ( 14) USA Japan Germany UK Receipts (million USD) 9, ,517 34,788 66,621 38,846 Payments (million USD) 15,540 87,617 5,920 54,193 12,677 Balance of payments (million USD) -5,776 38,900 28,868 12,428 26,169 Balance of payments ratio (Receipts/Payments) Source: OECD, Main Science & Technology Indicators (stats.oecd.org) MSIP Korea Industrial Technology Association, Statistics Report on the Technology Trade of Korea KOREA Main Science & Technology Indicators

35 Ⅳ. R&D Performance 9. International Trade in High-Tech Industries International trade in R&D-intensive industries of Korea Exports (million USD) 137, , , ,107 Imports (million USD) 70,806 77,546 74,391 76,438 Trade balance (million USD) 66,220 57,735 56,110 66,670 Trade balance ratio (Exports/Imports) R&D-intensive industries include pharmaceutical, computer, electronic and optical, and aerospace industries, as defined by OECD. From MSTI , the standard industrial classification was changed from ISIC Rev.3 to ISIC Rev.4. Source: OECD, Main Science & Technology Indicators (stats.oecd.org) International trade in R&D-intensive industries of major countries (2014) Exports (million USD) Imports (million USD) Trade balance (million USD) Trade balance ratio (Exports/Imports) Korea USA Japan Germany France UK China 143, , , , , , ,321 76, , , , , , ,676 66, ,064 34,304 39,444 16,644 24, , R&D-intensive industries include pharmaceutical, computer, electronic and optical, and aerospace industries, as defined by OECD. Source: OECD, Main Science & Technology Indicators (stats.oecd.org) 34 KOREA Main Science & Technology Indicators

36 Ⅳ. R&D Performance ICT industry trade in Korea Exports (million USD) 100,618 94, , ,118 Imports (million USD) 55,731 51,938 55,044 60,932 Trade balance (million USD) 44,887 42,689 52,750 53,186 Trade balance ratio (Exports/Imports) Source: OECD, STAN Bilateral Trade Database ISIC4 ed (stats.oecd.org) ICT industry trade in major countries (2014) Exports (million USD) Imports (million USD) Trade balance (million USD) Trade balance ratio (Exports/Imports) Korea USA Japan Germany France UK China 114, ,076 62,142 67,724 21,902 21, ,028 60, ,989 91,140 93,890 40,486 53, ,944 53, ,913-28,999-26,166-18,585-32, , Source: OECD, STAN Bilateral Trade Database ISIC4 ed (stats.oecd.org) KOREA Main Science & Technology Indicators

37 Ⅳ. R&D Performance 10. National Competitiveness Competitiveness ranking of Korea (IMD) Overall competitiveness Economic performance Government efficiency Business efficiency Infrastructure Science Technology Source: IMD, The World Competitiveness Yearbook ( Competitiveness ranking of major countries (2015, IMD) Korea USA Japan Germany France UK China Competitiveness Science Technology Source: IMD, The World Competitiveness Yearbook ( 36 KOREA Main Science & Technology Indicators

38 Ⅳ. R&D Performance Competitiveness ranking of Korea in scientific infrastructure (IMD) Total expenditure on R&D Total expenditure on R&D as a percentage of GDP Total expenditure on R&D per capita Business expenditure on R&D Business expenditure on R&D as a percentage of GDP Total R&D personnel nationwide Total R&D personnel nationwide per 1,000 people Total R&D personnel in business enterprise Total R&D personnel in business per 1,000 people R&D personnel per 1,000,000 people 7 of total first university degrees in science and engineering Scientific articles Nobel prizes Nobel prizes per capita Number of patent applications Number of patent applications filed per 100,000 inhabitants Number of patents granted Number of patents in force per 100,000 inhabitants Scientific research is high by international standards* Researchers/Scientists are attracted to your country* Laws relating to scientific research do encourage innovation* Intellectual property rights are adequately enforced* Knowledge transfer is highly developed between companies and universities* Innovation capacity of firms* Overall Ranking *Indicators by survey Source: IMD, The World Competitiveness Yearbook ( KOREA Main Science & Technology Indicators

39 Ⅳ. R&D Performance Competitiveness ranking of Korea in technological infrastructure (IMD) Investment in telecommunications as a percentage of GDP Number of fixed telephone lines per 1,000 inhabitants Number of mobile telephone subscribers per 1,000 inhabitants Mobile telephone costs per minute Communication technology meets business requirements* Connectivity of people and firms is highly extensive* Computers in use (worldwide share) Number of computers per 1,000 people Number of internet users per 1,000 people Fixed broadband tariffs Number of broadband subscribers per 1,000 inhabitants Internet bandwidth speed Information technology skills are readily available* Qualified engineers are available in labor market* Technological cooperation between companies* Public and private sector ventures are supporting technological development* Development and application of technology are supported by the legal environment* Funding for technological development* Technological regulation to support business development and innovation* High-tech exports High-tech exports as a percentage of manufactured exports ICT as a percentage of total service exports 41 Cyber security is being adequately addressed by corporations* Overall Ranking *Indicators by survey Source: IMD, The World Competitiveness Yearbook ( 38 KOREA Main Science & Technology Indicators

40 Ⅳ. R&D Performance Global Competitiveness of Korea (WEF) 2012~ ~ ~ ~2016 Global Competitiveness Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size Business sophistication R&D innovation Source: WEF, The Global Competitiveness Report ( Global Competitiveness ranking of major countries (2015~2016, WEF) Korea USA Japan Germany France UK China Source: WEF, The Global Competitiveness Report ( COmposite Science and Technology Index (COSTII) of Korea Indicator (Score) Ranking Indicator (Score) Ranking Indicator (Score) Ranking Indicator (Score) Ranking COSTII Resource Activities Network Environment Performance Source: MSIP KISTEP, COSTII (2015) KOREA Main Science & Technology Indicators

41 Ⅴ. Other R&D Statistics Other R&D Statistics 11. Energy and Resources Electricity supply and demand in Korea Tentative values are given for Source: Statistics Korea (Korea Power Exchange) ( Petroleum and LNG supply in Korea Crude oil imports (million barrels) Petroleum Amount of crude oil imports (million USD) 100, ,859 99,072 93,904 LNG Imports (1,000 tons) 36,685 36,184 39,326 36,403 Source: Statistics Korea (Korea National Oil Corporation, Korea Gas Corporation, and Korea Customs) ( Total primary energy supply per 1,000 USD of GDP in major countries (2012) Korea USA Japan Germany France UK China(ʼ11) Energy supply (toe)/ 1,000 USD (PPP) PPP (Purchasing Power Parity): Exchange rate to be at par with the purchasing power of the countries currencies Source: OECD, Factbook 2014 ( Nuclear electricity as a percentage of total electricity generation (%, 2011) Korea USA Japan Germany France UK China Source: OECD, Factbook 2014 ( 40 KOREA Main Science & Technology Indicators

42 Ⅴ. Other R&D Statistics Overseas natural resource exploitation by Korea Number of overseas resource exploitation programs (cumulative) Self-sufficient exploitation ratio Petroleum/Gas In progress * Production * Exploitation * Exploration Completed programs General minerals In progress Completed programs Petroleum/Gas Bituminous coal Iron Bronze Zinc Nickel Self-sufficient exploitation ratio indicates the percentage of resource developed and produced by domestic companies compared to total imports Source: Statistics Korea (Ministry of Trade, Industry & Energy) ( 12. Green Growth and Technology Renewable energy supply in Korea (1,000 toe, %) Renewable energy supply 6, , , ,879.2 Supply percentage Solar heat Sunlight Bio , ,558.5 Waste 4, , , ,502.4 Water power Wind power Geothermal heat Hydrogen/Fuel cell Marine Supply percentage indicates the percentage of renewable energy in primary energy Source: Statistics Korea (New Renewable Energy Center, Renewable Energy Supply Statistics) Contribution of renewables to energy supply in major countries (%, 2012) Korea USA Japan Germany France UK China (ʼ11) Source: OECD, Factbook 2014 ( KOREA Main Science & Technology Indicators

43 Ⅴ. Other R&D Statistics CO 2 emissions in major countries (kg per PPP $ of GDP, 2011) Korea USA Japan Germany France UK China Source: The World Bank ( R&D expenditure on green technology as a percentage of GOVERD As a percentage of GOVERD Source: MSIP Green Technology Center, Statistics Yearbook of Green Technology R&D R&D budget for energy and environment as a percentage of GBAORD Korea USA Japan Germany France UK Environment Energy Total Source: OECD, Science, Technology and Industry Scoreboard 2015 ( 13. Space Space programs as a percentage of civil GBAORD Korea USA Japan Germany France UK Civil GBAORD for space programs (million USD) ,015 2,033 1,584 1, Space programs as a percentage of GBAORD Government R&D budget does not include national defence budget Source: OECD, Main Science & Technology Indicators (stats.oecd.org) BERD performed in aerospace industry in major countries Aerospace industry R&D expenditure (million USD) of aerospace industry R&D expenditure in business enterprise R&D expenditure Korea USA (ʼ12) Japan Germany (ʼ12) France (ʼ12) UK (ʼ12) , ,054 4,089 2, Source: OECD, Main Science & Technology Indicators (stats.oecd.org) 42 KOREA Main Science & Technology Indicators

44 Ⅴ. Other R&D Statistics 14. Biotechnology Biotechnology industry in Korea Industry trends (trillion Personnel Production Domestic demand Exports Imports R&D personnel 10,366 10,656 11,284 11,605 Production personnel 10,806 11,449 11,924 12,205 Total 21,172 22,105 23,208 23,810 Production personnel indicates personnel for production, facility and quality management in biotechnology. Source: Statistics Korea (Ministry of Trade, Industry & Energy) ( 15. Economic Indicators Population and GDP per capita in major countries (2014, thousands, USD) Population (thousands) GDP per capita (USD) Korea USA Japan Germany France UK China 50, , ,053 82,384 66,189 64,511 1,360,720 27,971 54,640 36,253 46,763 42,744 45,695 6,747 Source: OECD, Main Science & Technology Indicators (stats.oecd.org) Labor force, value added of industry, and exchange rates (2014) Korea USA Japan Germany France UK China Labor force (thousands) Value added of industry USD) Exchange rate (national currency per USD) 26, ,289 65,873 42,972 28,583 32,414 9, ,448 29,761 24,393 16,236 18,177 1, Source: OECD, Main Science & Technology Indicators (stats.oecd.org) 793,000 78, KOREA Main Science & Technology Indicators