Shawn Kenny Ph D P Eng ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering Lecture 03: Pipeline Route Selection Assistant Professor Faculty of Engineering and Applied Sc ence Memorial University of Newfoundland spkenny@mun ca 1 Lecture Goals Students will be able to: identify key factors influencing pipeline route selection, and define engineering requirements for route surveys 2 2 Reading List # Document 3.1 DNV OS-F101 Submarine Pipeline Systems. Offshore Standard, 240p. [2007_DNV_OS_F101.pdf] Section 3 C & 3 D 3 3
Overview Pipeline Route Characterization Landfall and platform approaches Length, kilometer post and intermediate stations Changes in alignment and elevation profile System Environment Characterization Political and social factors Physical and environmental factors Engineered systems 4 4 Critical Assessment and Planning Activity Desk study Ounce of prevention >> pound of cure Utilize available resources Regulator and operator experience & lessons learned Government departments & agencies New technologies, data acquisition & historical archives Uncertainty Prioritize and plan for engineering surveys 5 5 Platform & Landfall Approaches Ref: Lanan (2007) Ref: BHP (2005) 6 6
Political Considerations Regional and International Scope Civil or military instability Jurisdictional Regulatory Archaeological, historical significance Examples Black Sea Europipe Oman India Medgaz Vancouver Island & Georgia Strait 7 Ref: Saipem (2006) 7 Remote Sensing Ref: Google (2005) Ref: Hansen (2005) 8 8 Existing Data Ref: EnCana (2002) 9 9
Significant or Sensitive Areas Environmental Wetlands, estuaries, northern environments Resident habitat Breeding grounds Migra ion patterns Cumulative effects Military or Restricted Zones Ref: EnCana (2002) 10 10 Seabed Characteristics Bathymetry & Slope Soil Properties Type Index & strength Spatial distribution Ref: BCOG (2001) F W Ref: NOAA (2005) 11 11 Significant Seabed Features Ref: Hydro (2005) Ref: Hansen (2005) 12 12
Sediment Transport Sandwave Migration Scour Seabed Mobility Ref: Heap (2004) 13 13 Seabed Hazards Ref: Trifunac et al. (2002) Seismic Faulting Liquefaction Mass Slides Spreads Falls Flows Subsurface Shallow gas Pockmarks Subsidence Subsea vents 14 Ref: BCOG (2001) 14 Physical Environment Currents Systems, tidal, delta, loop Surface Waves Wind induced Shallow water, breaking Bathymetry, refraction, wave crest orthogonality Internal Pycnocline [density] ø (water temp., salinity) 15 Ref: NASA (2005) 15
Seabed Use and Obstacles Oil and Gas Industry Developments Communications Mobile and Fixed Gear Fishing Zones Shipping Traffic Lanes Military Exercise Zones Military/Civilian Dumping Grounds Mining, Dredging Zones Expected or Anticipated Future Operations, Developments Shipwrecks 16 16 Unique Environmental Features Ice 17 17 Unique Environmental Features Ice Gouges 18 18
Unique Environmental Features Strudel Scour 19 Ref: MMS (2005) 19 Unique Environmental Features Permafrost 20 Ref: NRCan (2005) 20 References BCOG (2001). BC Offshore Oil & Gas Technology Update. JWEL Project No. BCV50229, October 19, 2001 BHP (2005). http://www.bhpbilliton.com EnCana (2002). Development Plan Revised Volume 2, Deep Panuke Offshore Gas Development Project, 142p. Google (2005). earth.google.com Hansen, B. (2005). How Hydro s Ormen Lange Project Can Contribute to the Development of the Russian Arctic. Proc., IBC Arctic Oil and Gas Development Conference, Challenges and Opportunities The Technology Solu ion, London, UK. Heap, A. (2004). Shifting sands the clue to the vanishing seagrasses. AusGEO, 75 September, p.32-34. Hydro (2005). http://www.hydro.com/ormenlange/en 21 21
References Lanan, G. (2007). Offshore Arctic Pipeline Operations. Proc., IBC Offshore Oil and Gas in Arctic and Cold Waters Conference, Stavanger, Norway Saipem (2006). http //www.saipem.eni it/index.asp SEIC (2005). http://www sakhalinenergy.com/ Trifunac, M D., A. Hayir and M.I. Todorovska (2002) Was Grand Banks event of 1929 a slump spreading in two directions? Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 22, pp 349-360. MMS (2005). www.mms.gov NASA (2005). http://eol.jsc.nasa gov/ NOAA (2005). Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, US Department of Commerce, http //www.oar.noaa.gov/ NRCan (2005). http://www.nrcan.gc.ca/inter/index_e html 22 22