AVAILABLE General Description The MAX4372 low-cost, precision, high-side currentsense amplifier is available in a tiny, space-saving SOT23-5-pin package. Offered in three gain versions (T = 2V/V, F = 5V/V, and H = 1V/V), this device operates from a single 2.7V to 28V supply and consumes only 3µA. It features a voltage output that eliminates the need for gain-setting resistors and is ideal for today s notebook computers, cell phones, and other systems where battery/dc current monitoring is critical. High-side current monitoring is especially useful in battery-powered systems since it does not interfere with the ground path of the battery charger. The input common-mode range of to 28V is independent of the supply voltage and ensures that the current-sense feedback remains viable even when connected to a 2-cell battery pack in deep discharge. The user can set the full-scale current reading by choosing the device (T, F, or H) with the desired voltage gain and selecting the appropriate external sense resistor. This capability offers a high level of integration and flexibility, resulting in a simple and compact current-sense solution. For higher bandwidth applications, refer to the MAX4173T/F/H data sheet. Applications Power-Management Systems General-System/Board-Level Current Monitoring Notebook Computers Portable/Battery-Powered Systems Smart-Battery Packs/Chargers Cell Phones Precision-Current Sources TOP VIEW 2 3 4 SOT23-5 Pin Configurations A B TOP VIEW (BUMPS ON BOTTOM) 1 2 3 UCSP Pin Configurations continued at end of datasheet. +Denotes a lead(pb)-free/rohs-compliant package. T = Tape and reel. Note: Gain values are as follows: 2V/V for the T version, 5V/V for the F version, and 1V/V for the H version. Ordering Information continued at end of datasheet. UCSP is a trademark of Maxim Integrated Products, Inc. Features Low-Cost, Compact Current-Sense Solution 3µA Supply Current 2.7V to 28V Operating Supply.18% Full-Scale Accuracy.3mV Input Offset Voltage Low 1.5Ω Output Impedance Three Gain Versions Available 2V/V (MAX4372T) 5V/V (MAX4372F) 1V/V (MAX4372H) High Accuracy +2V to +28V Common-Mode Range, Functional Down to V, Independent of Supply Voltage Available in a Space-Saving 5-Pin SOT23 Package and 3 x 2 UCSP (1mm x 1.5mm) Package PART TEMP RANGE PIN-PACKAGE TOP MARK MAX4372TEUK+T MAX4372TEUK-T -4 C to +85 C 5 SOT23-5 ADIU MAX4372TESA +T -4 C to +85 C 8 SO MAX4372TEBT+T MAX4372TEBT-T -4 C to +85 C 3 x 2 UCSP ACX A/D CONVERTER +2.7V TO +28V.1µF Typical Operating Circuit Ordering Information + 1 5 RS- RS- RS- R SENSE V IN TO 28V I LOAD LOAD/ BATTERY For pricing, delivery, and ordering information, please contact Maxim Direct at 1-888-629-4642, or visit Maxim s website at www.maximintegrated.com. 19-1548; Rev 5; 5/11
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS,, RS- to...-.3v to +3V to...-.3v to +15V Differential Input Voltage (V - V RS- )...±.3V Current into Any Pin...±1mA Continuous Power Dissipation (T A = +7 C) 5-Pin SOT23 (derate 3.9mW/ C above +7 C)...312.6mW 8-Pin SO (derate 7.4mW/ C above +7 C)...588.2mW 3 x 2 UCSP (derate 3.4mW/ C above +7 C)...273.2mW ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (V = to 28V, = 2.7V to 28V, = V, R LOAD = 1MΩ, T A = T MIN to T MAX, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at T A = +25 C.) (Note 1) PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS Operating Voltage Range (Note 2) Operating Temperature Range...-4 C to +85 C Storage Temperature Range...-65 C to +15 C Lead Temperature (soldering, 1s)....+3 C Soldering Temperature (reflow)....+3 C Stresses beyond those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. 2.7 28 V Common-Mode Input Range (Note 3) Common-Mode Rejection Supply Current Leakage Current Input Bias Current Full-Scale Sense Voltage (Note 4) Input Offset Voltage (Note 5) Full-Scale Accuracy (Note 5) V CMR CMR I CC V > 2V V > 2V, = 5mV 28 85 3 6 I, I RS- = V, V = 28V.5 1.2 I V > 2V 1 V 2V -25 2 I RS- V > 2V 2 V 2V -5 2 Gain = 2V/V or 5V/V 15 Gain = 1V/V 1 T A = +25 C MAX4372_ESA.3 ±.8 = V = 12V MAX4372_EUK, _EBT.3 ±1.3 V OS T A = T MIN to T MAX MAX4372_ESA ±1.1 = V = 12V MAX4372_EUK, _EBT ±1.9 = 1mV, = 12V, V = 12V, T A = +25 C (Note 7) ±.18 ±3 V db µa µa µa mv mv % = 1mV, = 12V, V = 12V (Note 7) ±6 Total Voltage Error (Note 6) = 1mV, = 28V, V = 28V (Note 7) = 1mV, = 12V, V =.1V (Note 7) ±.15 ±7 ±1 ±28 % = 6.25mV, = 12V, V = 12V (Note 8) ±.15 2 Maxim Integrated
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) (V = to 28V, = 2.7V to 28V, = V, R LOAD = 1MΩ, T A = T MIN to T MAX, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at T A = +25 C.) (Note 1) PARAMETER Low Voltage (MAX4372T, MAX4372F) Low Voltage (MAX4372H) High Voltage SYMBOL V OL VOL - V OH CONDITIONS VCC = 2.7V, I = 1µA = -1mV V = 28V I = 1µA = 2.7V, I = 1µA = -1mV V = 12V I = 1µA V = 28V, = 2.7V, I = -5µA, = 25mV MIN TYP MAX 2.6 9 65 2.6 9 65.1.25 UNITS mv mv V = 2mV, gain = 2V/V 275-3dB Bandwidth BW V = 12V, = 12V, C LOAD = 1pF MAX4372T 2 = 2mV to 1mV,V =12V = 2mV, gain = 5V/V = 2mV, gain = 1V/V Gain MAX4372F 5 Gain Accuracy Settling Time to 1% of Final Value Capacitive-Load Stability Output Resistance Power-Supply Rejection Power-Up Time to 1% of Final Value Saturation Recovery Time (Note 9) R PSR MAX4372H Gain = 2V/V, = 12V, V = 12V, C LOAD = 1pF No sustained oscillations = 1mV V = 2V, V > 2V = 6.25mV T A = +25 C T A = -4 C to +85 C = 6.25mV to 1mV = 1mV to 6.25mV = 12V, V = 12V, = 1mV, C LOAD = 1pF = 12V, V = 12V, C LOAD = 1pF 2 11 5 1.5 75 85 1 ±.25 ±2.5 2 2 1.5.1 ±5.5 khz V/V % µs pf Ω db ms ms Note 1: All devices are 1% production tested at T A = +25 C. All temperature limits are guaranteed by design. Note 2: Guaranteed by PSR test. Note 3: Guaranteed by Voltage Error test. Note 4: Output voltage is internally clamped not to exceed 12V. Note 5: V OS is extrapolated from the gain accuracy tests. Note 6: Total voltage error is the sum of gain and offset voltage errors. Note 7: Measured at I = -5µA (R LOAD = 4kΩ for gain = 2V/V, R LOAD = 1kΩ for gain = 5V/V, R LOAD = 2kΩ for gain = 1V/V). Note 8: 6.25mV = 1/16 of 1mV full-scale voltage (C/16). Note 9: The device will not reverse phase when overdriven. Maxim Integrated 3
Typical Operating Characteristics ( = 12V, V = 12V, = 1mV, T A = +25 C, unless otherwise noted.) SUPPLY CURRENT (μa) SUPPLY CURRENT vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE 35. 32.5 3. 27.5 A V = +1V/V A V = +5V/V A V = +2V/V MAX4372 toc1 SUPPLY CURRENT (μa) 4 35 3 25 2 15 1 SUPPLY CURRENT vs. TEMPERATURE MAX4372T toc2 SUPPLY CURRENT (μa) 32. 31.5 31. 3.5 3. 29.5 29. SUPPLY CURRENT vs. COMMON-MODE VOLTAGE A V = +1V/V A V = +5V/V A V = +2V/V MAX4372 toc3 25. = 5mV 4 8 12 16 2 24 28 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) 5 = 5mV -4-15 1 35 6 85 TEMPERATURE ( C) 28.5 28. = 5mV 4 8 12 16 2 24 28 COMMON-MODE VOLTAGE (V) PUT ERROR (%).6.4.2 -.2 -.4 -.6 -.8-1. G = +5V/V G = +2V/V TOTAL PUT ERROR vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE G = +1V/V MAX4372 toc4 PUT ERROR (%) 1.5 1..5 -.5 TOTAL PUT ERROR vs. A V = +1V/V A V = +2V/V A V = +5V/V MAX4372T toc5 PSR (db) -4-45 -5-55 -6-65 -7-75 -8-85 POWER-SUPPLY REJECTION vs. FREQUENCY MAX4372T toc6-1.2 5 1 15 2 25 3 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) -1. 5 1 15 2 25 3 (mv) -9 1 1k 1k 1k FREQUENCY (Hz) PUT ERROR (%) 1.6 1.4 1.2 1..8.6.4.2 TOTAL PUT ERROR vs. COMMON-MODE VOLTAGE G = +5V/V G = +1V/V G = +2V/V 5 1 15 2 25 3 COMMON-MODE VOLTAGE (V) MAX4372T toc7 GAIN ACCURACY (%) -.1 -.2 -.3 -.4 -.5 -.6 -.7 -.8 -.9-1. GAIN ACCURACY vs. TEMPERATURE A V = +2V/V -4-15 1 35 6 85 TEMPERATURE ( C) A V = +5V/V A V = +1V/V MAX4372T toc8 TOTAL PUT ERROR (%) TOTAL PUT ERROR vs. TEMPERATURE 1..8.6.4.2 -.2 -.4 -.6 -.8-1. A V = +5V/V A V = +2V/V A V = +1V/V -4-15 1 35 6 85 TEMPERATURE ( C) MAX4372T toc9 4 Maxim Integrated
Typical Operating Characteristics (continued) ( = 12V, V = 12V, = 1mV, T A = +25 C, unless otherwise noted.) MAX4372T SMALL-SIGNAL TRANSIENT RESPONSE MAX4372T toc1 MAX4372F SMALL-SIGNAL TRANSIENT RESPONSE MAX4372T toc11 MAX4372H SMALL-SIGNAL TRANSIENT RESPONSE MAX4372T toc12 3mV 3mV 3mV 1mV 1mV 1mV 6mV 1.5V 3V V V V 2mV.5V 1V 2μs/div 2μs/div 2μs/div MAX4372T LARGE-SIGNAL TRANSIENT RESPONSE MAX4372T toc13 MAX4372F LARGE-SIGNAL TRANSIENT RESPONSE MAX4372T toc14 15mV 15mV 5mV 5mV 3V 7.5V V V 1V 2.5V 2μs/div 2μs/div MAX4372H LARGE-SIGNAL TRANSIENT RESPONSE MAX4372T toc15 V 1mV 1V GAIN (db) 3 2 1-1 -2-3 -4-5 -6-7 SMALL-SIGNAL GAIN vs. FREQUENCY G = 5V/V G = 2V/V G = 1V/V = 2mV MAX4372T toc16 2μs/div -8 1k 1k 1k FREQUENCY (Hz) 1M Maxim Integrated 5
Pin/Bump Description PIN BUMP NAME SOT23 SO UCSP 1 3 A2 Ground FUNCTION 2 4 3 1 A3 A1 Output Voltage. V is proportional to the magnitude of (V - V RS- ). Supply Voltage. Use at least a.1µf capacitor to decouple from fast transients. 4 8 B1 Power Connection to the External Sense Resistor V2-5 6 B3 RS- Load-Side Connection to the External Sense Resistor 2, 5, 7 N.C. No Connection. Not internally connected. Detailed Description The MAX4372 high-side current-sense amplifier features a to 28V input common-mode range that is independent of supply voltage. This feature allows the monitoring of current flow out of a battery in deep discharge, and also enables high-side current sensing at voltages far in excess of the supply voltage (VCC). Current flows through the sense resistor, generating a sense voltage (Figure 1). Since A1 s inverting input is high impedance, the voltage on the negative terminal equals V IN -. A1 forces its positive terminal to match its negative terminal; therefore, the voltage across R G1 (V IN - V1-) equals. This creates a current to flow through R G1 equal to / R G1. The transistor and current mirror amplify the current by a factor of β. This makes the current flowing out of the current mirror equal to: I M = β / R G1 A2 s positive terminal presents high impedance, so this current flows through R GD, with the following result: V2+ = R GD β VSENSE / RG1 R1 and R2 set the closed-loop gain for A2, which amplifies V2+, yielding: V = RGD β / RG1 (1 + R2 / R1) The gain of the device equals: V = R GD β (1 + R2 / R1) / R G1 VSENSE Applications Information Recommended Component Values The MAX4372 operates over a wide variety of current ranges with different sense resistors. Table 1 lists common resistor values for typical operation of the MAX4372. 2.7V TO 28V CURRENT MIRROR I M R2 A1 A2 Figure 1. Functional Diagram RG1 1kΩ R G2 1kΩ Choosing RSENSE Given the gain and maximum load current, select RSENSE such that V does not exceed VCC -.25V or 1V. To measure lower currents more accurately, use a high value for RSENSE. A higher value develops a higher sense voltage, which overcomes offset voltage errors of the internal current amplifier. In applications monitoring very high current, ensure RSENSE is able to dissipate its own I 2 R losses. If the resistor s rated power dissipation is exceeded, its value may drift or it may fail altogether, causing a differential voltage across the terminals in excess of the absolute maximum ratings. V1+ V2+ RS- V1- RGD R1 R SENSE V IN TO 28V I LOAD TO LOAD 6 Maxim Integrated
Table 1. Recommended Component Values FULL-SCALE LOAD CURRENT, I LOAD (A) CURRENT-SENSE RESISTOR, R SENSE (mω).1 1 1 1 5 2 1 1 GAIN (V/V) FULL-SCALE PUT VOLTAGE (FULL-SCALE = 1mV), V (V) 2 2. 5 5. 1 1. 2 2. 5 5. 1 1. 2 2. 5 5. 1 1. 2 2. 5 5. 1 1. Using a PC Board Trace as RSENSE If the cost of R SENSE is an issue and accuracy is not critical, use the alternative solution shown in Figure 2. This solution uses copper PC board traces to create a sense resistor. The resistivity of a.1-inch-wide trace of 2-ounce copper is about 3mΩ/ft. The resistance temperature coefficient of copper is fairly high (approximately.4%/ C), so systems that experience a wide temperature variance must compensate for this effect. In addition, self-heating will introduce a nonlinearity error. Do not exceed the maximum power dissipation of the copper trace. For example, the MAX4372T (with a maximum load current of 1A and an RSENSE of 5mΩ) creates a full-scale VSENSE of 5mV that yields a maximum V of 1V. R SENSE, in this case, requires about 2 inches of.1- inch-wide copper trace. UCSP Applications Information For the latest application details on UCSP construction, dimensions, tape carrier information, printed circuit board techniques, bump-pad layout, and recommended reflow temperature profile, as well as the latest information on reliability testing results, go to the Maxim's website at www.maxim-ic.com/ucsp to find the Application Note: UCSP A Wafer-Level Chip-Scale Package. INPUT R SENSE LOAD/BATTERY.3in COPPER.1in COPPER.3in COPPER 2.7V TO 28V RS- Figure 2. Connections Showing Use of PC Board Maxim Integrated 7
d Ordering Information (continued) Pin Configurations (continued) PART MAX4372FEUK+T -4 C to +85 C MAX4372FESA+T T -4 C to +85 C MAX4372HEUK+T -4 C to +85 C MAX4372HESA+T -4 C to +85 C TEMP RANGE PIN-PACKAGE 5 SOT23-5 8 SO MAX4372FEBT+T -4 C to +85 C 3 x 2 UCSP 5 SOT23-5 8 SO TOP MARK ADIV ACY ADIW MAX4372HEBT+T -4 C to +85 C 3 x 2 UCSP ACZ +Denotes a lead(pb)-free/rohs-compliant package. T = Tape and reel. PROCESS: BiCMOS Chip Information N.C. 1 2 3 4 + SO 8 7 6 5 N.C. RS- N.C. Package Information For the latest package outline information and land patterns, go to www.maxim-ic.com/packages. Note that a +, #, or - in the package code indicates RoHS status only. Package drawings may show a different suffix character, but the drawing pertains to the package regardless of RoHS status. PACKAGE TYPE PACKAGE CODE LINE NO. LAND PATTERN NO. 5 SOT23 U5+1 21-57 9-174 8 SO S8+2 21-41 9-96 5 UCSP B6+2 21-97 6L, UCSP.EPS Note: MAX4372_EBT uses package code B6-2. 8 Maxim Integrated
Package Information (continued) For the latest package outline information and land patterns, go to www.maxim-ic.com/packages. Note that a +, #, or - in the package code indicates RoHS status only. Package drawings may show a different suffix character, but the drawing pertains to the package regardless of RoHS status. SOICN.EPS Maxim Integrated 9
Package Information (continued) For the latest package outline information and land patterns, go to www.maxim-ic.com/packages. Note that a +, #, or - in the package code indicates RoHS status only. Package drawings may show a different suffix character, but the drawing pertains to the package regardless of RoHS status. SOT-23 5L.EPS 1 Maxim Integrated
REVISION NUMBER REVISION DATE DESCRIPTION Revision History PAGES CHANGED 4 7/9 Updated feature in accordance with actual performance of the product 1 5 5/11 Updated VRST conditions to synchronize with tested material and added lead-free designation 1, 2, 3, 8 Maxim cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim product. No circuit patent licenses are implied. Maxim reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time. The parametric values (min and max limits) shown in the Electrical Characteristics table are guaranteed. Other parametric values quoted in this data sheet are provided for guidance. Maxim Integrated 16 Rio Robles, San Jose, CA 95134 USA 1-48-61-1 11 211 Maxim Integrated The Maxim logo and Maxim Integrated are trademarks of Maxim Integrated Products, Inc.