Promoting Science and Mathematics Education in Japan November 23, 2010 IWABUCHI, Haruyuki Director The Center for Promotion of Science Education Japan Science Technology Agency(JST) 1
Japan Science Technology Agency(JST) Mission We promote science and technology which will create new values and lead to the future, in order to advance the national welfare and prosperity. Vision To support development and activities of personnel who are to advance and deploy science and technology, while enhancing science communication between the public and S&T related professionals. 2
Contents Human Resources Development in the Science and Technology policy The Current Situation of Science and Mathematics education at elementary, junior high and senior high schools JST Program Supporting for Science and Mathematics Education 3
Population (million) Taking a look at home 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Future prospects(1) The Rapid Aging and Decreasing of the Population of Japan Japan is to fall. Population Trend in Japan Supporting 1 elderly person by 1.5 working-age person in 2050 Sustaining safe, secure and quality society and culture through science and technology 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 Population aged 65+ (elderly population ) Population aged 15~64 (productive-age population ) Population aged 0~14 (young population ) year Source:National Institute of Population and Social Security Research, Future population estimates (Dec. 2006) 4
Taking a look abroad UK USA France Japan Future prospects(2) Advance of globalization and the Emergence of developing countries The ratio of foreigners in doctoral degree holders 35.7 20 USA has to live on creating new value 15 through 28.5 science and technology. 13.7 21.1 0 10 20 30 40 50 Source: The Council for Science and Technology, The Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology Japan is to lose. (%) GDP Trends in Japan, USA, China and India Fiercer international economic competition Japan, a resource-poor country, GDP (trillion dollars) 25 10 5 0 Japan China 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 Source:The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. Global Economics Paper No.134 India (year) 5
Taking a look globally. Future prospects(3) Population (100 million) Population Source:United Nations, World Population Prospects 2004 Deteriorating Problems Threatening Sustainability of the Earth World Population Prospects 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 World 世界 Asia 0 1850 1900 1950 2000 2050 The world is to be over. Global warming and energy (100million ton) crisis of all of humanity World Carbon Dioxide Emission from energy 450 45 Performing 400 a role in resolving 40 gas 35 350 global-scale problems30 300 25 250 oil through science and technology 20 アジア 200 15 150 10 100 50 0 1990 2004 2015 2030 Source:International Energy Agency, World Energy Outlook 2006 coal Water Stress Population (100millio) 5 0 Water World Water Shortage Present 2025 7,000 6,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 Water Stress Renewable Water Population Resource Source:The Ministry of the Environment, Annual Report on the Environment in FY 2005,and World 6 Water Council, World Water Vision 0 Renewable Water Resource(m3/personn*year)
Science and Technology Basic Plan The 3rd Basic Plan (FY2006~FY2010) The Science and Technology Basic Law (established in 1995) The 1st Basic Plan (FY1996~FY2000) Increasing governmental R&D expenditure Building a new R&D system Increasing competitive research fund A program to support 10,000 postdoctorals Promoting human interaction among industry-universitygovernment R&D evaluation The 2nd Basic Plan (FY2001~FY2005) 3 basic concepts creation of wisdom vitality from wisdom sophisticated society by wisdom Core policies Strategic priority - promotion of basic research - priority field to be promoted Reforming the S&T system - Doubling competitive research fund - Enhancing industryuniversity-government collaboration Producing as many as 30 Nobel laureates in 50 years While progress has been made in consolidation of foundations through the 1st and 2nd Basic Plans, the global intellectual competition gets fiercer. Japan, a resource-poor country, has to live on KNOWLEDGE Highly creative human resources A system generating results at a maximum by utilizing limited resources Innovator Japan 7
The 3rd Science 第 3 期科学技術基本計画 and Technology Basic Plan Chapter 1 Basic Ideas Chapter 2 Strategic Priority Setting in S&T Chapter 3 Reforming the S&T System Developing, securing and activating human resources Creating scientific development and persistent innovation Reinforcing the foundation for promoting S&T Strategically promoting international activities Chapter 4 S&T to Be Supported by Society and the Public Responsible measures to resolve ethical, legal, or social problems Accountability relating to S&T and the improvement of information transmission Improving the public awareness of S&T Promoting proactive participation of the public in S&T A portrait of human resource in S&T Innovator The innovation is: to generate new social and economic values with advanced scientific findings and technical inventions combined with human insights. Literate a person who has knowledge 8 8 Chapter 5 Role of for S&T the Council Policy and abilities relating to S&T
Contents Human Resources Development in the Science and Technology policy The Current Situation of Science and Mathematics education at elementary, junior high and senior high schools JST Program Supporting for Science and Mathematics Education 9
Trend in Science-related Enrollments in Four-year Universities enrollments 21,500 人 21,000 人 20,500 人 20,335 人 20,669 人 21,042 人 20,795 人 20,936 人 20,883 人 20,570 人 20,421 人 20,000 人 20,057 人 19,773 人 19,500 人 19,000 人 FY97 H9 年度 H10 FY98 年度 H11 FY99 年度 H12 FY00 年度 H13 FY01 年度 H14 FY02 年度 H15 FY03 年度 FY04 H16 年度 FY05 H17 年度 FY06 H18 年度 10
Trend in Technology-related Enrollments in Four-year Universities 115,000 人 enrollments 112,168 人 112,817 人 110,000 人 110,007 人 107,566 人 108,207 人 106,295 人 105,000 人 103,544 人 100,000 人 101,648 人 100,443 人 97,752 人 The number of technology-related examinees has also declined. The pace exceeds that of decline in the population of aged 18. 95,000 人 90,000 人 H9 FY97 年度 H10 FY98 年度 H11 FY99 年度 H12 FY00 年度 H13 FY01 年度 H14 FY02 年度 FY03 H15 年度 FY04 H16 年度 FY05 H17 年度 FY06 H18 年度 11
Achievements of Japanese Children PISA (surveyed by OECD) 1 st /32countries TIMSS(surveyed by IEA) <Japan> Arithmetic Average score <Japan> Mathematical literacy Scientific literacy 2 nd /32countrie 2 nd /41countries,areas s PISA: Programme for International Student Assessment surveyed object : Tenth graders Mathematic in junior high school Results of Arithmetic / Mathematics and sciences 95 03 00 3 rd /25countries 3 rd /25countries 4 rd /37countries 2 nd /26countries 5 rd /46countries 5 rd /50countries 03 6 th /41countries,areas 07 95 03 07 Science in elementary school Science in junior high school 5 th /38countries TIMSS: Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study IEA: The International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement surveyed object : Forth graders and eighth graders 06 10 th /57countries,areas 6 nd /57countries,areas 3 th /25countries 4 th /37countries 4 th /38countries 6 th /46countries 3 th /50countries The ranks of Japanese school children are moving down in the lists of PISA and TIMSS, though they are still high. 12
Do you like mathematics and science? Compared with the average, the ratio of students who like math and science is remarkably low in Japan. Source: TIMSS 2007 The ratio of students who like studying math and science tends to decline as the grade gets higher. * MEXT: the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology Source: MEXT, FY2003 13
Percentage of Students at Each Proficiency Level in PISA Reading JAPAN decrease in the higher levels Below 1 increase in the lower levels Level Trends in Percentage of Students according to the Proficiency level in PISA Reading Percentage of Students of Level 1 or below remaining unchanged at the highest level Percentage of Students of Level 3 or more USA OECD Average Finland Korea Japan Japan Finland Korea USA OECD Average Source: FY2009 White Paper on Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology 14
Developing Human Resources for Building the Future Ratio of the students per score of the achievement tests at the prefectural senior high schools percentage of the students (%) score Japanese score Mathematics percentage of the students (%) score English Source: The achievement tests at the prefectural senior high schools in FY2007 15
Teachers, do you think you are good at teaching science? Those who is good is 0%. Do you think you like science in general? The ratio of those who are good at teaching science is 0% and fairly good is less than 40%, but about 90% of the respondents like science in general. * surveyed on elementary class teachers experienced for less than 5 years Source: JST and NIER, The Survey on Science Education in Elementary and Lower-Secondary schools in FY 2008. 16
How many times do students in your class conduct observation or experiments? The ratio of conduct of observation and experiments once or more a week is more than 60% at elementary and Junior high schools but less than 10% at senior high school. Source: JST and NIER, The Survey on Science Education in Elementary and Lower-Secondary schools in FY 2008. and The Survey on Science Education in Upper-Secondary schools in FY 2008 17
The opportunity where the science-related specialist outside school gives a class The ratio of the school where those opportunities are held once or more a year % The ratio of the school where those opportunities are held once or more a year is about 25% at the grades 4 to 6 and about 10% at junior high school. 18 Source: JST and NIER, The Survey on Science Education in Elementary and Lower-Secondary schools in FY 2008.
Contents Human Resources Development in the Science and Technology policy The Current Situation of Science and Mathematics education at elementary, junior high and senior high schools JST Program Supporting for Science and Mathematics Education 19
The Science-related Talent required for Supporting Japan 50,000 persons/year Development of society Innovation active roles Science-and-technology-related graduate schools 50,000 persons/year (places on science-related graduate schools) career paths Development of science-related talent 15% 7,000 persons (graduates of SSHs) Finding the excellent science-related talented students in elementary and junior high schools and improving their abilities higher. 20
The Current Situation of Talented Education and Science Communication Potential science-related talented students: 1,300,000 persons (the total number of students of elementary and junior high schools in Japan: 13 million persons, the probable ratio of the talented in the total students from the experience of USA: 10% ) The present number of students who take a program for developing abilities: 3% 40,000 persons The budgets related to science and technology: 3,600,000 million yen JST budgets required for promoting science and technology throughout Japan: 0.2% 8,500 million yen 21
Supporting System for Science and Mathematics Education in Japan Fostering Human Resources in S&T :in schools :out of schools Reinforcement of Hands-on and Problem-solving Learning Development Programs for Talented Students in Universities Super Science High Schools Supporting International Contests in S&T Science Partnership Project Promoting Cooperation Between schools and S&T people Training Programs for Science Teachers Science Education Assistant Allocation Project Activating Experiments in elementally schools Improvement of University s S&T education Providing Talented Students with Opportunities of advanced studies and extracurricular activities To develop individuality and ability To raise interest and eagerness Universities High Schools Junior High Schools Elementary Schools Reinforcement of infrastructure for Science and Mathematics education Providing schools with better science facilities / Distribution of Digital Contents for Science and Technology Education 22
Thank you very much for your attention Japan Science Technology Agency(JST) 独立行政法人 科学技術振興機構 23