Contol of IP synchonous geneato base iect ive win tubine with TPA tajectoy an maximum powe extaction Citation: Chowhuy,, Haue, E, ahmu, A, Oo, AT an Gagoom, A 6, Contol of IP synchonous geneato base iect ive win tubine with TPA tajectoy an maximum powe extaction, in IEEE PESG 6 : Poceeings of the IEEE Powe an Enegy Society Geneal eeting, IEEE, Piscataway, N.J., pp. -5. This is the accepte manuscipt. 6, IEEE Pesonal use of this mateial is pemitte. Pemission fom IEEE must be obtaine fo all othe uses, in any cuent o futue meia, incluing epinting/epublishing this mateial fo avetising o pomotional puposes, ceating new collective woks, fo esale o eistibution to seves o lists, o euse of any copyighte component of this wok in othe woks The final efinitive vesion has been publishe at: https://oi.og/.9/pesg.6.774669 Available fom Deakin eseach Online: http://hl.hanle.net/56/do/du:84
Contol of IP Synchonous Geneato Base Diect Dive Win Tubine with TPA Tajectoy an aximum Powe Extaction.. Chowhuy,. E. Haue, Senio embe, IEEE,. A. ahmu an A.. T. Oo School of Engineeing Deakin Univesity Waun Pons, Geelong, VIC, Austalia enamul.haue@eakin.eu.au Abstact This pape pesents an enhance contol scheme fo an inteio pemanent magnet (IP) synchonous geneato base iect ive win tubine, incopoating maximum toue pe ampee tajectoy (TPA) an maximum powe extaction (PE) algoithm. The main avantage of incopoating TPA tajectoy in the contol scheme is that it can geneate the euie toue with a minimum stato cuent to minimize the stato loss of the IP synchonous geneato. The etail analysis of the contol scheme is pesente. The contol scheme is implemente in atlab/simpowesystems envionment. esults confim the effectiveness of the contol scheme to contol the iect ive vaiable spee win tubine with maximum powe extaction. Inex Tems IP synchonous geneato, vaiable spee win tubine, TPA contol, maximum powe extaction. I. INTODUCTION Cuently, oubly fe inuction geneato (DFIG) base vaiable spee win tubine technology is ominating the wol maket [], []. The avantage of this technology is that it euies powe convete with euce capacity (% of full capacity) as the convete connecte to the oto cicuit instea of stato cicuit []. Howeve, the main awback of this type of win tubine is the euiement of a geabox which euies egula maintenance an suffes fom faults an malfunctions []. oeove, it inceases the oveall size of the win tubine. ecently, the populaity of iect ive, gealess, pemanent magnet synchonous geneato (PSG) base vaiable spee win tubines is inceasing ue to thei avantages ove inuction geneato base win tubine with geabox. The main featues of PSG base win tubines ae gealess opeation, enhance eliability, simple stuctue, smalle size, euce cost, low mechanical an electical losses, highe powe facto, incease efficiency, an no euiement fo eactive powe suppot []-[]. ost of the pevious woks elate to PSG base win tubines ae base on suface type pemanent magnet synchonous A. Gagoom, embe, IEEE Faculty of Engineeing Ameican Univesity of ile East Kuwait City, Kuwait Ameen.Gagoom@aum.eu.au geneato fo which the -axis an -axis inuctances ae eual, L =L [5]-[]. Howeve, vey little attention has been pai to inteio pemanent magnet (IP) synchonous geneato base vaiable spee win tubines. The IP synchonous geneato (fo which L L ) can pouce moe powe than that of a suface type PSG by utilizing the saliency of thei otos []-[]. The IP geneato can be opeate ove a wie spee ange by using flux weakening an allows constant powe like opeation at spees highe than the ate spee [], []. This wok concentate on the contol of IP synchonous geneato base vaiable spee win tubines. Taitionally, a PSG is contolle using switch-moe boost ectifies [4], [5], thee switch PW ectifies [], vecto contolle PW ectifies [], [4]. The switch-moe ectifie has simple stuctue an lowe cost. Howeve, it intouces high hamonic istotion an unable to contol the powe facto which affects the pefomance an efficiency of the system [], []. Theefoe, vecto contolle back to back PW convete with voltage souce convete (VSC) is pefee fo IP synchonous geneato base vaiable spee win tubines. In a taitional vecto contol scheme, the -axis cuent is egulate to zeo an the -axis cuent is contolle to contol the toue of the geneato in the oto efeence fame. Howeve in an IP synchonous geneato, both - an -axes cuents nee to be egulate in oe to utilize the oto saliency as well as to enhance the efficiency. In the popose contol scheme, the IP synchonous geneato is contolle using TPA tajectoy an PE algoithm to enhance system pefomance with incease enegy captue an efficiency. The TPA contol pouces a given toue with a minimum stato cuent which euces the stato losses of the IP geneato [5]. esults show that the IP synchonous geneato base vaiable spee win tubine with TPA contol can egulate the geneato spee an extact maximum powe une vaiable win spees.
II. SYSTE STUCTUE Fig. shows the system stuctue of the iect ive IP synchonous geneato base win tubine using a back to back PW convete. The system consists of a win tubine, IP synchonous geneato, an geneato sie PW ectifie with TPA contolle, DC link capacito, loa sie PW invete, filte, coupling tansfome, an loas. The contol of the win enegy convesion system inclues (i) geneato sie PW ectifie with TPA contol an PE to extact maximum/optimum powe fom the win tubine une vaying win spees (ii) loa sie invete contol with voltage an feuency contolles in stan-alone moe. III. CONTOL OF IP SYNCHONOUS GENEATO WITH TPA TAJECTOY AND PE Fig. shows the contol stuctue of the geneato sie PW ectifie with TPA contol an PE une vaying win spees. The main pupose of the geneato sie convete contolles is to extact maximum powe une vaiable win spees an to limit the peak absobe powe fo the safe opeation of the win tubine une vaying win spees. A. Algoithm fo aximum Powe Extaction The popose contol algoithm fo the geneato sie PW ectifie with maximum powe extaction involves following steps an inputs: o easue win spee v w o Detemine the efeence spee of the geneato. The expession fo optimum powe is given by m _ opt Pm _ opt =.5ρ AC p _ opt = K opt ( m _ opt ) (5) λ opt whee λ opt = Optimum tip spee atio, = aius of the tubine blae (m), C p_opt = optimum powe coefficient, ρ= ai ensity (kg/m ), A= swept aea (m ), v = win spee (m/s)..5 opt K opt = ρac an p _ opt m opt = λ w w w _ v = K v λopt Theefoe, the efeence spee is opt m = λ vw = K wvw (6) o easue the geneato spee using spee senso. o The eo between efeence geneato spee an measue spee is, e = m m. This eo is the input to the contolle an the contolle output will give the efeence toue, T g. The geneato is contolle by contolling - an -axes cuents using TPA which is iscusse in the following sub-section. B. The TPA Contol of IP Synchonous Geneato The IP synchonous geneato toue is given by [5], T g ( λ i λ i ) = P [ i ( L L ) i i ] = Pn n λ ( ) = P n λ i L L is i i () whee λ an λ ae - an - axes stato flux linkages; i, i, L, an L ae the - an - axes stato cuents an inuctances, espectively; λ is the pemanent magnet flux linkage; is the electical oto spee in a/sec; p is the opeato /t; an P n is numbe of pole pais. IPSG Win Tubine v w v, v i, i g PW ectifie PW PW ectifie with TPA Contol an PE I c C V c PW IGBT Invete Voltage souce invete contol PLL v ag,v bg { v g, v g, i g, i g V f i ag,i bg Loa Loa Loa Fig.. A iect ive IP synchonous geneato base vaiable spee win tubine. v λ m opt m _ opt = v i i i i i m L i T g L i λ i i v v i i v v v a v b v c m P W i a i b v a v b PSG Win Tubine Fig.. Contol scheme of IP synchonous geneato with TPA contol tajectoy an PE. To fin the maximum toue pe ampee, euation () can be iffeentiate an set the eivative eual to zeo which implies i λ λ = ± i ( L L ) 4( L L ) whee L L () Fo a given geneato toue an magnetic flux linkage, the - an -axes cuents fo the TPA contol can be foun by solving () an (). Theefoe, fo an IP synchonous geneato, the - an -axes cuent efeences ae given by i = P [ λ n T g ( L L )] i ( L L ) 4( L L ) i λ λ = ± ( i ) () (4)
I...8.6.4. T g =.4 pu Q T g =.4 pu T g =.6 pu.....4.5.6.7.8.9 Fig.. Tajectoy of TPA contol. I T g =. pu PTA T g =.8 pu The TPA contolle pouces a euie toue with a minimum stato cuent [5]. The geneato toue given by () is a function of geneato - an -axes cuents. This means that the IP geneato can geneate the euie toue with iffeent values of i an i. Theefoe, it is possible to geneate a toue with minimum cuent by ajusting the atio of i an i [5]. Fig. shows the tajectoy of the IP synchonous geneato toue pouce by the TPA contol scheme. The TPA tajectoy intesects with the.8 pu toue at point Q whee the toue is pouce with a minimum stato cuent [5]. The TPA contol techniue euces the stato losses of the IP synchonous geneato an ensues the maximum utilization of the stato cuent. IV. CONTOL OF LOAD SIDE INVETE The function of the loa sie invete is to inteface the win tubine geneato with the loa an contol the voltage/feuency fo a stan-alone system. In stan-alone moe, the function of the loa sie invete is to egulate the invete output voltage an feuency as thee is no gi connection. Fig. 4 shows the contol stuctue of the loa sie invete in stan-alone moe. The angula spee of the otating efeence fame is set at =πf in the contolle which is the electical feuency of the invete output voltage (loa voltage) an cuent. The oute loop is the voltage contolle an the inne loop is the cuent contolle. The ecouple cuent contolles ae implemente by aing the compensation tems to compensate fo the coss coupling ue to the output filte inuctance. Nomally, battey enegy stoages an ump loas ae use to maintain the DC link voltage une vaying win spees. V. SIULATION ESULTS AND DISCUSSION The win enegy convesion system as shown in Fig. is implemente using atlab/simpowesystems. The geneato sie convete with TPA contol an PE as shown in Fig., is implemente. The sampling times fo the inne an oute contol loops ae μs an μs, espectively. The input to the win tubine moel is win spee an the output is toue. v g v g v g = v g i g i g i g i g L f L f v g v g v v Dump loa i g i g v g v g m v a v b v c Battey Enegy stoage P W Fig. 4. Contol of loa sie invete in stan-alone moe. i ag i bg v ag v bg IPSG Loa L f Loa Win Tubine Fig. 5(b) to (e) show the pefomance of the popose TPA contolle fo geneato sie PW ectifie with PE une vaying win spee, as shown in Fig. 5(a). The efeence spee an actual spee ae shown in Fig. 5(b) fom whee it can be seen that the geneato spee follows its efeence uite well an allow the geneato to extact maximum powe une vaying win spees. The - an - axes cuents togethe with thei efeences ae shown in Fig. 5(c) an Fig. 5(), espectively. It is obseve that -s an - axes cuents follow thei espective efeences well an egulate the geneato cuent une vaying win spees. The moulation inex of the PW ectifie is shown in Fig. 5(e). Fig. 6 (a) to (c) show the geneato electomagnetic toues, tubine mechanical toue, an geneato powe esponses; espectively. Fig. 7 shows the locus of geneato stato cuent vecto une TPA contol an it is obseve that the stato cuent vecto moves along the TPA tajectoy to extact maximum powe at vaiable win spees. Fig. 8(a) shows the tansient esponses of geneato spee an powe wheeas Fig. 8(b) shows the geneato electomagnetic toue an tubine mechanical toue, espectively. Duing.99<t<4. sec, the win tubine geneato opeates in steay-state. At t = 4 sec., the win spee is incease to the ate value. The tubine mechanical toue incease to the ate value instantly, howeve, the geneato spee inceases to ate value gaually ue to oto inetia. The positive iffeence between the tubine mechanical toue (T m ) an the geneato toue (T g ) makes the geneato to acceleate an the geneato spee inceases as well. Finally, the win tubine geneato eaches to its steay-state ate value. Fig. 9 shows a compaison of toue esponses between vecto contol with TPA tajectoy using PW ectifie an switch-moe ectifie. The switch moe ectifie consists of ioe ectifies an a boost DC to DC convete. Fig. 9(a) clealy shows that toue ipple is less with vecto contol with TPA tajectoy than that of the switch-moe ectifie as shown in Fig. 9(b).
.5.5 4 5 6 7 8 9 (a) Geneato electomagnetic toue..5.5 4 5 6 7 8 9 (b) Tubine mechanical toue..5 4 5 6 7 8 9 Time (sec.) (c) Geneato powe. Fig. 6. Geneato electomagnetic toue, tubine mechanical toue an geneato powe esponses une vaying win spee. Fig. 5. Pefomance of TPA contolle with maximum powe extaction une vaying win spee Fig. shows the maximum powe extaction une vaying win spee. The negative iffeence between the tubine toue T m an geneato toue T g etemines the eceleation of the win tubine geneato. Consie Fig., the win tubine geneato is opeating at point a an the win spee is incease fom v w to v w4 (point b). The iffeence in toue between T m an T g causes the win tubine geneato to acceleate. Finally, the geneato eaches the opeating point c whee the acceleating toue is zeo. A simila situation occus when the win spee is euce to a lowe value. Theefoe, the win tubine geneato will extact maximum powe by egulating the geneato spee at vaying win spees. Fig. shows the pefomance of the loa sie invete contolle in stan-alone moe. Fig. (a) shows the -axis voltage follows its efeence an egulates the voltage at vaying win spees. The - an -axes cuents ae shown in Fig. (b) an (c) togethe with thei efeences, espectively. The - an -axes cuents follow thei efeences an egulate the powe flow to the loa. As the -axis efeence voltage is set to zeo, the -axis cuent is zeo. Fig.() shows the moulation inex of the invete which changes with changes in win spees an powe supplie to the loa.. Fig. 7. Locus of geneato stato cuent vecto une TPA contol. &.5.5.99.995 4 4.5 4. 4.5 4. (a) Tansient esponse of geneato spee an powe..5.5 m T m P g T g.99.995 4 4.5 4. 4.5 4. Time (b) Tansient esponse of tubine mechanical toue an geneato electomagnetic toue. Fig. 8. Tansient esponses of geneate spee, geneate powe, tubine toue an geneato toue when win spee incease to ate value at t = 4s.
..9.8.7.6.5 4.5 4.55 4.54 4.545 4.55 4.555 4.56 4.565 4.57.5.5 (a) Toue esponse une Vecto contol with TPA using PW ectifie. 4.5 4.55 4.54 4.545 4.55 4.555 4.56 4.565 4.57 Time Time (b) Toue esponse with switch-moe ectifie. Fig. 9. Compaison of toue esponses une vecto contol with PW ectifie an switch-moe ectifie. Tubine echanical powe, P m (pu ).8.6.4. Optimum P m m cuve..4.6.8..4 b a v w v w c v w Geneato spee, m v w4 PP Fig.. aximum powe extaction une vaying win spee (mechanical powe vs geneato spee). m a..9.8 4 5 6 7 8 9 (a) Invete -axis voltage an efeence..5 -.5 4 5 6 7 8 9 (b) Invete -axis cuent an efeence. 4 5 6 7 8 9 (c) Invete -axis cuent an efeence..5 Fig.. moe. 4 5 6 7 8 9 () oulation inex. Time (sec.) Pefomance of the loa sie invete contolle in stan-alone v w5 VI. CONCLUSION In this pape, an enhance contol techniue fo a iect ive vaiable spee win tubine with an IP synchonous geneato is pesente. The TPA contol tajectoy an maximum powe extaction algoithm ae incopoate with the contol scheme of geneato sie PW ectifie to enhance the pefomance an efficiency of the system. The main avantage of incopoating TPA tajectoy in the contol scheme is that it can geneate the euie toue with a minimum stato cuent which euces the stato coppe losses which in tun inceases the oveall efficiency. The TPA contol scheme ensues the maximum utilization of the stato cuent. The simulations esults confim the effectiveness of the popose contol scheme an show vey goo ynamic an steay-state pefomance. The contol scheme can pefom well an able to extact maximum/optimum powe une vaying win spees. VII. EFEENCES [] S. ülle,. Deicke, an. W. Doncke, Doubly fe inuction geneato system fo win tubines, IEEE Inusty Application agazine, pp. 6-, ay. [] V. Yaamasu, B. Wu, P. C. Sen, S. Kouo, an. Naimani High-Powe Win Enegy Convesion Systems: State-of-the-At an Emeging Technologies, Poceeings of IEEE, vol., no 5, pp. 74-788, ay 5. [] Y. Wang, J. eng, X. Zhang, an L. Xu, contol of PSG-base win tubines fo system inetial esponse an powe oscillation amping, IEEE Tansactions on Sustainable Enegy, vol. 6, no., pp. 565-574, Apil 5. [4]. E. Haue,. Negnevitsky, an K.. uttai, A novel contol stategy fo a vaiable spee win tubine with a pemanent magnet synchonous geneato, IEEE Tansaction on Inusty Applications, vol. 46, no., pp. -9, Jan./Feb. [5] C. N. Bhene, S. isha, an S. G. alla, Pemanent agnet Synchonous Geneato Base Stanalone Win Enegy Supply System,, IEEE Tansaction on Sustainable Enegy, vol., no. 4, pp. 6-7,. [6] S. Zhang, K. J. Tseng, D.. Vilathgamuwa, T. D. Nguyen, an X. Y. Wang, Design of a obust gi inteface system fo PSG-base win tubine geneatos, IEEE Tansaction on Inustial Electonics, vol. 58, no., pp. 6-8, Jan.. [7] Chinchilla, S. Analtes, an J. C. Bugos, Contol of pemanent-magnet geneatos applie to vaiable-spee win-enegy systems connecte to the gi, IEEE Tansaction on Enegy Convesion, vol., no, pp. -5, ach 6. [8] S.. Deghan,. ohamaian, an A. Y. Vajani, A new vaiable-spee win enegy convesion system using pemanent-magnet synchonous geneato an Z-souce invete, IEEE Tansactions On Enegy Convesion, vol. 4, no., pp. 74-74, Sept. 9. [9] H. Chen an N. Davi, Analysis of pemanent-magnet synchonous geneato with Vienna ectifie fo win enegy convesion system, IEEE Tansactions on Sustainable Enegy, vol. 4, no., pp. 54-6, Jan.. [] E. Veilleux, an P. W. Lehn, Inteconnection of iect-ive win tubines using a seies-connecte DC gi, IEEE Tansactions on Sustainable Enegy, vol. 5, no., pp. 9-47, Jan. 4. [] S. oimoto, H. Nakayama,. Sanaa, an Y. Takea, Sensoless output maximization contol fo vaiable-spee win geneation system using IPSG, IEEE Tansaction on Inusty Applications, vol. 4, no, pp. 6-67, Jan. 5. [] W. Qiao, L. Qu, an. G. Haley, Contol of IP synchonous geneato fo maximum win powe geneation consieing magnetic satuation IEEE Tansaction on Inusty Applications, vol. 45, no., pp. 95-5, ay/june 9. []. E. Haue, Y. C. Saw, an.. Chowhuy, Avance contol scheme fo an IP synchonous geneato-base gealess vaiable spee win tubine, IEEE Tansactions on Sustainable Enegy, vol. 5, no., pp. 54-6, Apil 4. [4] A. Uehaa, A. Patap, T. Goya, T. Senjyu, A. Yona, N. Uasaki, an T. Funabashi, A cooinate contol metho to smooth win powe fluctuation of a PSG-base WECS, IEEE Tansaction on Enegy Convesion, vol. 6, no., pp. 55-558.. [5] B. Wu, Y. Lang, N. Zagai an S. Kouo, Powe Convesion an Contol of Win Enegy Systems, John Wiley an Sons,.