E-band and mmwave Components & Sub-Assemblies testing Challenges New Technology VNA Roadshow Budapest 17/05/2016
Agenda Applications drive the need Challenges faced by device characterization engineers Provision of accurate, stable measurements Through application of technology and new architecture Impact on Device/Design Specifications and Productivity Scope of solutions and exceptional performance Summary 2 Copyright ANRITSU
Millimeter-wave Markets and Applications High Frequency Communication Wireless: Personal and Local Area Networks (PANs/LANs) Consumer electronics Wireless backhaul Inter-building network (E Band) Digital: High-speed interconnects Data switches Radar Applications Automotive: Collision avoidance, cruise control Road condition detection Aerospace and defense: Aviation safety in poor visibility Airport ground control Industrial: Materials measurement Motion detection Imaging and Sensing Security and Surveillance: Non-invasive imaging Through-wall monitoring Sensing: Earth sensing and weather monitoring Industrial process control Biotechnology: Medical imaging Detection of biorhythm patterns 3 Copyright ANRITSU
Wireless Communication Systems 4G Emerging Markets: Backhaul E Band 4G systems pushing demands for higher data throughput 40 & 60 GHz backhaul provide the required 100-300 Mbps E Band (71-86 GHz) point to point provides enterprise connections up to 1.25 Gbs 4 Copyright ANRITSU
Atmospheric Absorption High Attenuation Mobile/Secure Interference Immunity Mobile WiGig 57 64GHz 120 GHz 140-146 GHz 77 GHz 94 GHz Fixed E-Band 60-90GHz 5 Copyright ANRITSU
94 GHz Radar, Image and Sensor Technology 94 GHz airport ground control 94 GHz imaging radar 94 GHz cloud profiling radar 94 GHz Sensing and Process Control Cost reductions in manufacturing processes makes 94 GHz sensors viable for industrial non-contact sensing Unlike ultrasonic or laser sensors, millimeter-wave sensors work well in dusty or foggy environments. 6 Copyright ANRITSU
E Band Point-to-Point Communications Newly-allocated E-Band spectrum (71-86/95 GHz) designated for high capacity point-to-point communications (fixed links) 1.25 Gigabit/sec data rate, 1 mile links Relatively low barrier licenses 7 Copyright ANRITSU
Automotive Radar Technology Radar is the centre-piece in ACC or ADAS systems 77 GHz Long/Medium Range Automotive Radar 8 Copyright ANRITSU
Automotive Radar Technology Multiplier Tests Frequency Range: 38-39 GHz Output power Conversion gain Isolation S11 and S22 IQ Mixer Tests RF & LO Frequency Range: 75-82GHz IF Frequency Range: DC 100 MHz Conversion Loss RF LO Isolation Microwave Switch Tests Frequency Range: 70-90GHz Insertion loss Isolation Thru state Return Loss 9 Copyright ANRITSU
145 GHz Application 120 GHz HDTV Wireless Link 120 GHz HDTV Wireless Link Uncompressed (no delays) HDTV needs 1.5 Gbit/s transmission rate Mmwave bands offer higher modulation rates 120 GHz a high attenuation band, less need for tight licensing controls Small, light, portable 120 GHz transmitters (13 dbm) with 1 km range and 11 Gbit/s rate 10 Copyright ANRITSU
Device Characterization I R S V S2P R L VNA measurements provide this Models predict this VNA measurements (I/V and S2P) provide performance data used to improve device models Design engineers use EDA(Electronic Design Automation ) in their design process Active and passive component design engineers MMIC design engineers Linear models predict performance over varying conditions 11 Copyright ANRITSU
Device Characterization MMIC designers often use EDA simulation. Each FET must be accurately characterized using a vector network analyzer for overall success DC information (or as close as you can get) just as important as upper frequencies 2 Stage LNA using FET devices VNA Wider measurement bandwidths provide accurate models and reduce design turns. DUT Port 1 Port 2 DUT a 1 b 2 b 1 a 2 VNA Provides S-Parameters 12 Copyright ANRITSU
Device Characterization 13 Copyright ANRITSU
Challenges for Device Characterization Inadequate characterization can be fatal! 14 Copyright ANRITSU
Challenges for Device Characterization Device models limited at low frequency by poor S-parameter data Separate low & high frequency measurements lead to RF/microwave concatenation issues Measurement calibration drift leads to poor measurements of more time re-calibrating Bulky frequency extension modules difficult to mount on probe stations Cost of test impact 15 Copyright ANRITSU
Traditional Broadband System Microwave VNA 1mm Test Port MUX combiner mmwave modules Broadband VNA systems span microwave and mmwave regions Traditional mmwave modules use bulky mmwave components Microwave and mmwave bands combined through Multiplex (MUX) combiner MUX combiners do not offer true directivity in one band Result is limited calibration and measurement stability 16 Copyright ANRITSU
Solution Advanced Technology Innovative Architecture Ref IF Test IF LO NLTL-based GaAs Chip 30 GHz 110GHz 70 khz 54 GHz From VectorStar xn NLTL LoBand 54-80GHz xn NLTL HiBand 80-110 GHz Multiplier Input LoBand Src Det Out HiBand Src Det Out 17 Copyright ANRITSU
ME7838A Broadband System LO: 5-10 GHz Ext ALC Input to VNA RF: 20-40 GHz 70 khz-54 GHz Test & Ref IFs ALC from Module 70kHz-125GHz 18 Copyright ANRITSU
VectorStar NLTL Harmonic Samplers VectorStar uses Non-Linear Transmission Line (NLTL) harmonic samplers for better dynamic range SRD Transfer function tends to drop off by 50 GHz NLTL technology offers a higher comb frequency with less drop off in higher frequency performance Results in excellent dynamic range at 70 GHz and beyond without the need for large amplification. Fewer amplifiers results in better stability. Advanced Technology! 19 Copyright ANRITSU
VectorStar 70 khz-110 GHz Module Ref IF Test IF LO NLTL-based GaAs Chip 30 GHz 110GHz 70 khz 54 GHz From VectorStar 70 khz 110 GHz Multiplier Input xn NLTL LoBand 54-80GHz xn NLTL HiBand 80-110 GHz Coupled mmwave bands result in true directivity True directivity means best calibration and measurement stability LoBand Src Det Out HiBand Src Det Out Innovative Architecture! 20 Copyright ANRITSU
NLTL mmwave Modules 21 Copyright ANRITSU
Shockline Technology Non Linear Transmission Line Anritsu s latest generation of VNA s incorporate Non-Linear Transmission Lines also known as Shock Lines Generate narrow impulses at microwave and millimeter wave frequencies For sampling receivers to measure amplitude and phase of the VNA stimulus For power generation source and Rx LO Anritsu Patented unique Technology made at in-house Chip Fab 22 Copyright ANRITSU
Shockline Technology 23 Copyright ANRITSU
Shockline Technology 24 Copyright ANRITSU
Shockline Technology 25 Copyright ANRITSU
Advantages of Shockline Technology Lower cost Improved stabilities due to size due to close proximity of receivers Longer intervals between calibrations Better measurement accuracy and repeatability db or deg 0.2 0 Example 24 hour reflect stability mag phase 1 0-0.2 0 40 80 120 Frequency (GHz) -1 26 Copyright ANRITSU
Waveguide Applications Start Freq. 50 GHz also possible. 27 Copyright ANRITSU
High Power + Antenna Applications 28 Copyright ANRITSU
VectorStar Architecture: Two VNAs in One! > 2.5 GHz High Band MS4640B Block Diagram (Fully Loaded Configuration) optional < 2.5 GHz Low Band a 1 a 1 a 2 a 2 b 1 b 2 b 1 b 2 Bias 1 Bias 2 Port 1 Port 2 29 Copyright ANRITSU
Unique Hybrid VNA Architecture Two VNAs in parallel: Almost the only way to get 6 decades of coverage (from khz to GHz frequencies) Each receiver technology (sampler or mixer) used in its best range Each coupling technology (coupler or bridge) used in its best range Both share a common IF path and fully synthesized source 30 Copyright ANRITSU
VectorStar Device Characterization Two additional decades of low frequency information for better device modeling With excellent accuracy performance even < 1 GHz No roll-off at lower frequencies found with broadband couplers Highest Dynamic Range for best accuracy Excellent Raw Directivity and Port Match Performance, for best stability Highest Output Power and Wide ALC range Wide range of calibration options built-in Powerful Embedding and De-Embedding Capability AWR Microwave Office provides an excellent alternative to ADS(Advanced Design System) for circuit simulation and component design 31 Copyright ANRITSU
VectorStar ME7838A Broadband System Revolutionizing on-wafer and bench-top broadband measurements 32 Copyright ANRITSU
ME7838A Performance Dynamic Range 70 khz-125 GHz 33 Copyright ANRITSU
VectorStar ME7838A Stability db or deg db 0.15 0.05-0.05 Thru line transmission (24 hours) mag phase Deg. 1.5 0.5-0.5-0.15 0 25 50 75 100 125 Frequency (GHz) -1.5 34 Copyright ANRITSU
Broadband VNA Measurement Accuracy Power deviations relative to 25C; -10 dbm port 2 50C 70C 0C -20C db 0-2 55 75 95 115 Frequency (GHz) 35 Copyright ANRITSU
Broadband VNA Measurement Accuracy -9.5-9.6-9.7-9.8-9.9 dbm -10-10.1-10.2-10.3-10.4-10.5 Flat Power Calibration using Power Meter or the a1/1 Receiver 0 10 20 29 39 48 58 67 76 86 Frequency (GHz) 95 105 114 124 a1/1 Power 36 Copyright ANRITSU
Power Sweep Range 94 GHz 37 Copyright ANRITSU
Device Characterization - Power VectorStar broadband system sweeps up to 125 GHz allowing characterization of boundary conditions 0dB Gain?? Performance at 94GHz is suspect In addition to frequency boundaries, device is characterized by power Performance at 94 GHz in example is suspect 38 Copyright ANRITSU
Device Characterization - Power Lower input power increases gain Raises question of where optimum gain is and where does the device compress Real time Power Leveling and Control! Can youdo thiswitha Waveguide Module? 39 Copyright ANRITSU
Device Characterization: Gain Compression Low level power stability provides accurate characterization of active devices in linear region Power sweep over wide range Important to identify linear and compressed regions 40 Copyright ANRITSU
Device Characterization: Gain Compression Multiple Frequency Gain Compression P o w e r = 1dB compression Frequency 41 Copyright ANRITSU
Device Characterization: Gain Compression P out @ 1 db Compression Point vs Frequency Plot of gain at multiple frequencies at 1 db compression point Up to 401 frequency points can be programmed 42 Copyright ANRITSU
Pulse and TeraHz Measurements Pulse Measurements DUT part of pulsed system Pulse I/V reasons Vector Star 400 MS/s IF digitizer > 110 GHz WG bands with VDI or OML FEMs Up to 1.1 THz 43 Copyright ANRITSU
ME7838A Noise Figure mm-wave System 44 Copyright ANRITSU
Millimeter-Wave Noise Figure New E and W band applications increasing demand for improved characterization of mmwave amplifiers Very little NF measurements currently made in mm-wave bands due to complexity and level of uncertainty (some W band LNAs being offered with no NF data). 60 GHz unlicensed band used for short range data links. 71-76, 81-86 and 92-95 GHz bands used for point-to-point high bandwidth communication links. 94 GHz 100 MHz band for space-borne radios 94 GHz band used for imaging and airport radar 45 Copyright ANRITSU
VectorStar 30-125 GHz 3744A-Rx Receiver Module Test IF LO NLTL-based GaAs Chip Composite Receiver DUT 30GHz 125GHz 3744A-Rx mmwave Receiver Module Composite receiver: Provides pre-amplification for receiver Provides LO filtering Note BPF requirements need to be determined for each DUT. Review NF measurement guide for details. 46 Copyright ANRITSU
ShockLine Family of VNAs MS46522B 2-port RF VNA 50 khz to 8.5/20/43.5 GHz N(f) and K(m) connectors MS46121A 1-port USB VNA, External PC-controlled 40 MHz to 4 GHz, 150 khz to 6 GHz N (m) connector MS46122A 2-port Compact USB VNA External PC-controlled 1 MHz to 8/20/43.5 GHz N(f) and K(m) connectors MS46524B 4-port RF VNA 50 khz to 8.5/20/43.5 GHz N(f) and K(m) connectors MS46322A 2-port Economy VNA 1 MHz to 4/8/14/20/30/43.5 GHz N(f) and K(m) connectors 47 Copyright ANRITSU
New MS46522B/524B E-band option (082) Economical 2-and 4-port full reversing banded VNA Native WR12 port interface Extended E-band option 55 GHz to 92 GHz Covers E-band and major parts of V-band 3U high chassis 500B series chassis Small Tethered VNA modules No complex installation required Enhanced thermal stability Easier connection to DUT 48 Copyright ANRITSU
E-Band Option Block Diagram To base board CONDUIT LO RF NLTL IF a1 NL TL IF b1 Port 1 Test Port To base board CONDUIT LO RF NLTL IF a2 NL TL IF b2 Port 2 Test Port Typical Module Size: (W) 6 cm x (L) 10 cm x (H) 4 cm 49 Copyright ANRITSU
ShockLine E-Band VNA Features and Benefits Features Economical VNA with benchtop like performance Benefits Fraction of the cost of existing mm-wave systems. Ideal for manufacturing mm-wave devices. Extended Frequency Range Covers E-band and major parts of V band. Enhanced thermal stability Increased calibration and measurement stability. No Installation required Eliminates errors related to incorrect connections. Increased instrument reliability due to reduced handling. Small Size Easier handling of components while making connections. 50 Copyright ANRITSU
Device Characterization Beyond 110 GHz Broadband to 110 GHz mmwave > 110 GHz Typical device characterization extends beyond application frequency Lower frequencies for DC extrapolation information Higher frequencies for high frequency modeling and harmonic performance Current alternatives use bulky 110 GHz broadband systems plus mmwave waveguide system. Expensive - Time Consuming Setup - Concatenation Errors 51 Copyright ANRITSU
New VectorStar 145 GHz Broadband System New MA25300A 145 GHz mmwave modules New 0.8mm test port connector New 0.8mm SOLT/SSST coaxial calibration and verification kit ME7838A can be upgraded to 145 GHz Switch from 3743A to new MA25300A modules. MS4647A or B 3739B or C (B may need modification) 52 Copyright ANRITSU
New VectorStar 145 GHz Broadband System Ref IF Test IF LO NLTL-based GaAs Chip 30 GHz 145GHz 70 khz 54 GHz From VectorStar 70 khz 145 GHz 0.8mm Test Port Connector Multiplier Input LoBand Src Det Out MidBand Src Det Out xn NLTL LoBand 54-80GHz xn NLTL MidBand 80-110 GHz xn NLTL HiBand 110-145 GHz Coupled mmwave bands provide true directivity True directivity means best calibration and measurement stability HiBand Src Det Out 53 Copyright ANRITSU
Direct Connect to Cascade 145 GHz Probe 54 Copyright ANRITSU
Direct Connect to GGB 145 GHz probes 55 Copyright ANRITSU
Summary VectorStar Performance Industry-leading performance with flexibility Confidence at the Cutting Edge! VectorStar family upgradeable 70 (40) khz start frequency and best dynamic range below 1 GHz Accurate time domain characterization Better models means better circuit simulations S-parameter measurements to 145 GHz (Anritsu)/1.1 THz (VDI) and NF measurements to 125 GHz Applications moving to higher frequency BB Best system for on-wafer device characterization Widest frequency range with best stability, dynamic range, leveled power sweep range and smallest form factor 70 (40) khz to 145 GHz industry-first performance Best Pulse measurement performance for RADAR systems and components 2.5 ns resolution with 100 db dynamic range Best Pulse I/V measurements for device characterization through elimination of trapping effects Best differential measurement performance for differential components and Signal Integrity analysis Lowest start frequency for best modeling accuracy Best True Mode Stimulus performance for SI driver measurements Best TDR measurements 56 Copyright ANRITSU
Summary Improved semiconductor device specifications Greater dynamic range, better stability, direct connection to probes Improved design performance Improved device models due to accurate low and high frequency S-parameters Increased device characterization productivity Increased stability means more time measuring and less time re-calibrating Small extension module size easier to mount Reduced capital cost No need for low and high frequency VNAs to make broadband measurements 57 Copyright ANRITSU