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PUBLIC RESEARCH PLAYERS Ministry of Research (attached to the Ministry of National and Higher Education and Research) Research Organizations Universities Action funds, translated to a Funding Agency in 2005 (ANR) S & T Organisations CNRS (~ 26.500) CIRAD (~1.850) INRA (~ 8.500) INSERM (~ 5.200) IRD (~ 1.600) IFREMER (~1.400) INRIA (~ 1.000) CEMAGREF (~ 600) CEA (~12.000) etc. Foundations Pasteur Institute, Curie Institute, etc. 2
What is CNRS? CNRS has Laboratories 136 in-house laboratories 790 laboratories associated mainly with universities, other French Institutions (INSERM, INRA, INRIA, CEA) and Companies CNRS funds scientific programs CNRS covers all the scientific fields from maths to social sciences 3
ORGANIZATIONAL CHART 4
CNRS LABORATORIES - CNRS Research units are spread throughout France (1,256 research and service units) - large body of permanent staff (researchers, engineers, technicians and administrative staff - laboratories are on 4-year contracts, renewable, with biannual evaluation - there are 2 types of laboratories : CNRS-only labs (15 %) : fully funded and managed by CNRS CNRS Joint labs (85 %) : partnered with universities, industry or other research organizations 5
CNRS ADMINISTRATIVE REGIONS 6
CNRS STAFF 26.457 permanent staff Researchers 11.652 Engineers, Technicians, Administrative staff 14.607 + Non permanent staff payed on governmental subsidies ~ 2.200 (~ 800 associated or foreign scientists ~1.400 granted PhD and Post doc scientists) + Non permanent staff payed on contracts ~ 1.800 7
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SCIENTIFIC DEPARTMENTS AND INSTITUTES Nuclear and Particle Physics / IN2P3 Mathematics and Physics Information and Communication Science and Technology Engineering Sciences Chemical Sciences Sciences of the Universe / INSU Life Sciences Humanities and Social Sciences 9
Nuclear and Particle Physics Research on the ultimate components of matter and on the early Universe Designing the accelerators of the future Playing an active role in information technology development 10
Mathematics and Physics Applied Mathematics Physics: Carbon nanotubes, cooled atoms, functional materials, physics-biology-medical interfaces, highly correlated fermions Droplet-film transition SW Nanotube between SC Cottrell clouds (ATI) 11
Information and Communication Science and Technology Four research fields: Computing and information processing Components and systems Micro, nano-technologies and systems STIC and Human interface 24 Pluridisciplinary programs, 26 Specific actions JemSTIC: young teams, young researcher and mobility 12
Engineering Assembling and transposing knowledge Process automation and management 4 Research themes: Transport: materials, engine, fuel cells Energy: renewable, waste, storage Structural and functional materials, biomechanics Environment, clean processes, pollution Desalination pilot project Experimental study and numerical simulation of a skull-brain complex subjected to an impact 13
Chemistry Health:Vector for drugs(cancer,aids) Environment: sulfur reduction Materials: nano-tubes fibers New analysis techniques, mass spectro, positron annihilation, New Molecules Enhancing sensitivity of photographic emulsions Materials that grips Sucrose in aqueous media 14
Science of the Universe Astronomy-astrophysics: Universe structure,stars formation, solar system Earth Sciences: Ocean, atmosphere, earth, natural risks, climate, space detection Seismic hazard in Turkey Dark matter in the Universe CO2 in ocean and athmosphere 15
Life Sciences Genomic, bio-computing, functional and structural Structure-function relationship of macromolecules Role of genes in the development and function control of organism Micro-organism physiology Bio-diversity of eco-systems 3D view of the hepatisis C virus Transgenic silkworms (flurescent protein) Algae defense mechanism (Chondrus crispus) Craniofacial malformation 16
Inter-disciplinary Res. Cognitive science Information society biology and culture Humanities and Social Sciences Intra-disciplinary Res. History linguistics Law Main topics Work and social change Urban issues and the crisis of the social link Public policies Information technology support for linguistics Asia-Pacific research center (Provence Univ.) Two negative handprints (Borneo) 17
11 Nobel Prizes awarded to CNRS researchers Physics : Alfred Kastler (1966), Louis Néel (1970), Pierre-Gilles de Gennes (1991), Georges Charpak (1992) and Claude Cohen-Tannoudji (1997) Chemistry : Jean-Marie Lehn (1987) CNRS AWARDS Biology and medicine : André Lwoff, Jacques Monod and François Jacob (1965), Jean Dausset (1980) Economics : Maurice Allais (1988) 7 Fields medals in mathematics Jean-Pierre Serre, René Thom, Alexandre Grothendieck, Alain Connes, Laurent Schwarz, Pierre-Louis Lions and Jean-Christophe Yoccoz 18
EVALUATION PROCEDURE National Committee for Scientific Research Composition 41 sub-commissions (2/3 of the member are elected) Interdisciplinary Commissions Role Evaluation (on a 4 year-basis) of Laboratories Research Programmes Researchers Recruitment of scientists at CNRS 19
R & D BUDGET Financial Law 2005 (billion euros) Governmental Budget 288.8 Civilian Budget 246.4 Civilian R&D Budget 9.3 Research Ministry Budget 6.5 Research Organizations 6.0 Public S&T Organizations 3.8 CNRS Budget 2.4 20
CNRS TOTAL BUDGET 2.4 billion 1/4 of French civilian research budget Own funds 366 M 16 % Government subsidies 1 952 M 84 % 21
ORIGIN OF CNRS OWN FUNDS 340.9 M (tax excluded) Donations etc. 21.8 M (6%) Investment funds 34.1 M (10%) Functioning funds 37 M (11%) Research Contracts 167.1 M (49%) Providing Services 35.8 M (11%) Royalties (patents, licenses) 45,0 M (13%) 22
INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS (Innovation Law launched in 1999) 3,280 contracts signed in 2003 80 industrial partners among which 370 small and medium sized companies 150 million euros of revenues generated (EC contracts not included) 2,657 research applications in effect 295 exclusive patents applied for in 2003 558 active licensing agreements of which 20 % with start-ups 47.5 million euros royalties 190 new firms created with CNRS laboratories or CNRS joint laboratories 23
THE CURRENT REFORM A new Direction of Scientific Strategy Objectives : - scientific orientations better defined - more interdisciplinarity - less administration, more scientific strategy - more interactions between headquarters and regional organisation 24
INTERNATIONAL CNRS ACTIVITIES More than 20 000 annual publications = 50% total French publications, 6 % European publications, 2,5% world publications 45% of the papers are co-signed with foreign scientists 30% of CNRS papers are co-signed with European partners 25
CNRS OFFICES ABROAD 26
INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION CNRS Budget 2004 (M euros) % Europe 3.06 45 North and South America 1.32 19 Africa and Middle-East 0.84 12 Asia and Pacific 1.54 23 Total (without salaries) 6.8 27
INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS CNRS tools 85 Bilateral agreements signed with more than 50 countries ca 200 International Programs for Scientific Cooperation (PICS) 32 International Associated Laboratories (LIA) 38 International Research Networks (GDRI) 15 International Joint Units (UMI) 5,000 research interns from abroad in CNRS laboratories Almost one half of the yearly 23 000 CNRS publications are co-published with foreigners 28
Bilateral agreements Agreements for scientific cooperation are signed between CNRS and foreign Research Organizations. It covers the hosting of researchers for duration of one week to one month, within the framework of joint research projects. The selection of applications is based on the excellence and novelty of the project. Projects involving young researchers are given priority. 29
International Programs for Scientific Cooperation - PICS PICS is a 3 year, non-renewable project established on the basis of an ongoing collaborative relationship having already resulted in co-publication. After approval by the relevant CNRS scientific department, researchers must respond jointly to a call for proposals, which is sent out once a year (from February 1st to March 31) PICS is implemented after a positive co-evaluation by the CNRS and the sponsoring foreign research organization. PICS funding covers visits, meetings, and small equipment. 30
International Research Groups GDRI GDRI is a research network devoid of any legal status which connects public and/or private laboratories. GDRIs are set up for a period of four years, renewable twice. GDRI brings together several laboratories from two or more countries to coordinate research on a specific topic. GDRI program funding is used mainly for mobility, seminars and workshops. 31
International Associated Laboratory LIA- virtual lab It brings together at most three laboratories from CNRS and other countries. They contribute human and material resources to a jointly-defined project A director of the LIA is appointed. The project is coordinated by a scientific management committee. The research program is submitted to the steering committee, composed of representatives of the two partner institutions and established scientists from outside the LIA. LIA agreement is for 4 years, renewable once LIA receives funding from the CNRS and the partner institution, for small equipment, visits, etc. 32
International Joint Units UMI- common lab UMI was first created in 2002. UMIs are located either in France or in another country. It brings together in a common laboratory researchers, engineers, and technicians from CNRS and from the other country UMI is headed by a Director, named jointly by CNRS and the foreign partner institution. The Director is responsible for the management of all of the resources made available to the laboratory. UMI is evaluated every 4 years, and renewed following the same rules as for CNRS laboratories in France. 33
International joint laboratories Genomics and life sciences MICA-MultimediaInformation Communication Applications 34