(IJACSA) Intenational Jounal of Advanced Compute Science and Applications, Vol., No.8, 011 Pefomance Analysis of Copoate Feed Rectangula Patch Element and Cicula Patch Element 4x Micostip Aay Antennas Md. Tanvi Ishtaique-ul Huque.1, Md. Al-Amin Chowdhuy, Md. Kamal Hosain 3, Md. Shah Alam 4 1, Dept. of Electonics and Telecommunication Engineeing, 4 Dept. of Electical and Electonic Engineeing, Rajshahi Univesity of Engineeing & Technology, Rajshahi-604, Bangladesh. 3 School of Engineeing, Deakin Univesity, Victoia-317, Austalia. Abstact This pape pesent simple, slim, low cost and high gain cicula patch and ectangula patch micostip aay antenna, with the details steps of design pocess, opeate in X- band(8 GHz to 1 GHz) and it povides a mean to choose the effective one based on the pefomance analysis of both of these aay antennas. The method of analysis, design and development of these aay antennas ae explained completely hee and analyses ae caied out fo 4x aays. The simulation has been pefomed by using commecially available antenna simulato, SONNET vesion V1.56, to compute the cuent distibution, etun loss esponse and adiation patten. The poposed antennas ae designed by using Taconic TLY-5 dielectic substate with pemittivity, ε =. and height, h =1.588 mm. In all cases we get etun losses in the ange -4.96 db to -5.1 db at fequencies aound 10 GHz. The gain of these antennas as simulated ae found above 6 db and side lobe label is maintained lowe than main lobe. Opeating fequency of these antennas is 10 GHz so these antennas ae suitable fo X-band application. Keywods- micostip aay antenna; ectangula patch; etun loss; X band; cicula patch. I. INTRODUCTION The tem Micostip comes because the thickness of this metallic stip is in mico-mete ange. Micostip patch antennas ae popula, because they have some advantages due to thei confomal and simple plana stuctue. They allow all the advantages of pinted-cicuit technology. A vast numbe of papes ae available on the investigation of vaious aspects of micostip antennas [1, 5, 6, 7, 8, 1, 13]. The key featues of a micostip antenna ae elative ease of constuction, light weight, low cost and eithe confomability to the mounting suface o, at least, an extemely thin potusion fom the suface. These citeia make it popula in the field of satellite and ada communication system. Diffeent Rada systems such as synthetic apetue ada (SAR), emote sensing adas, shuttle imaging ada and othe wieless communication systems opeate in L, Ku, C and X bands [11, 1, 14, 15]. Micostip antennas ae the fist choice fo this high fequency band such as X-band due to its light weight, low cost, and obustness. In this pape the designed micostip antennas ae also best suited fo X band applications. The extended AM boadcast band o simply X band is a segment of the micowave adio egion of the electomagnetic spectum. X- band ada fequency sub-bands ae used in civil, militay and govenment institutions fo weathe monitoing, ai taffic contol, maitime vessel taffic contol, defense tacking, and vehicle speed detection fo law enfocement. In ada engineeing, its fequency ange is specified by the IEEE at 8.0 to 1.0 GHz. X band is used in ada applications including continuous-wave, pulsed, single-polaization, dualpolaization, synthetic apetue ada, and phased aays. In Ieland, Libya, Saudi Aabia and Canada, the X band 10.15 to 10.7 segment is used fo teestial boadband. Potions of the X band ae assigned by the Intenational Telecommunications Union (ITU) exclusively fo deep space telecommunications. The pimay use of this allocation is the Ameican NASA Deep Space Netwok (DSN) [16]. Micostip patch elements ae available in vaious configuation. But the most common is the ectangula patch element and afte the ectangula patch element the next most well known configuation is the cicula patch element. This pape pesents the design pocedue, chaacteistic and the coesponding pefomance analysis of both the ectangula and cicula patch micostip aay antennas and povides a mean to choose the effective one based on thei pefomance paametes to get the efficient adiation efficiency. In this pape we have also investigated the pefomance of copoate feed aay in case of both the ectangula patch element and cicula patch element, because it povides bette diectivity as well as adiation efficiency and educe the beam fluctuations ove a band of fequencies compaed to the seies feed aay [5, 9]. Hee all of these antennas ae designed to suppot 10 GHz opeating fequency and thei coesponding simulations have been done by using the SONNET vesion V1.56 simulato. The poposed antennas ae designed by using Taconic TLY-5 dielectic substate with pemittivity, ε =. and height, h =1.588 mm. These designed antennas ae pomising to be a good candidate fo the X-band wieless applications due to the simplicity in stuctue, ease of fabication and high gain and high efficiency. www.ijacsa.thesai.og 16 P a g e
(IJACSA) Intenational Jounal of Advanced Compute Science and Applications, Vol., No.8, 011 II. MICROSTRIP ANTENNA DESIGN Micostip patch antennas consist of vey thin metallic stip (patch) placed on gound plane whee the thickness of the metallic stip is esticted by t<< λ 0 and the height is esticted by 0.0003λ 0 h.05λ 0 [, 5]. The micostip patch is designed so that its adiation patten maximum is nomal to the patch. Fo a ectangula patch, the length L of the element is usually λ 0 /3 <L< λ 0 /. Thee ae numeous substates that can be used fo the design of micostip antennas and thei dielectic constants ae usually in the ange of. ε 1. To implement the micostip antennas usually F-4 (ε = 4.9), Roges TMM 4(ε = 4.5), Taconic TLY-5 (ε =.), Alumina (96%) (ε = 9.4), Teflon(PTFE) (ε =.08), Alon AD 5 (ε = 5.1) dielectic mateials ae used as the substate [1,, 5, 10]. The Pefomance of the micostip antenna depends on its dimension. Depending on the dimension the opeating fequency, adiation efficiency, diectivity, etun loss and othe elated paametes ae also influenced [3]. Hee, in this pape, the investigation is made on two types of micostip patch elements. They ae Rectangula patch element Cicula patch element. A. Rectangula Patch Element Fo an efficient adiation a pactical width of the Rectangula patch element becomes [, 3, 5] 1 w f 1 And the length of the antenna becomes [, 3, 5] Whee, And 1 L L f eff 0 0 w 0.64 eff 0.3 h L 0.41h eff 0.58 w 0.8 h 1 1 eff (4) h 11 w Whee, λ is the wave length, ƒ (in Hz) is the esonant fequency, L and W ae the length and width of the patch element, in cm, espectively and is the elative dielectic constant. In the following Fig. 1, the antenna has been designed to cove specific 10 GHz opeating fequency whee the antenna dimension is in mm ange and the quate wavelength tansfome method [, 5] is used to match the impedance of the patch element with the tansmission line. (1) () (3) Figue 1. Single element Rectangula micostip patch antenna. B. Cicula Patch Element Othe than the ectangula patch, the next most popula configuation is the cicula patch o disk. Fo ectangula patch elements thee ae two degees of feedom to contol wheeas fo the cicula patch elements thee is one degee of feedom to contol. Thus it is moe convenient to design as well as to contol the adiation patten of the cicula patch element. Fom [1, 14] the fist ode appoximation of the physical adius of the cicula patch element becomes. a Whee 8.79110 9 F f Thus the effective aea of the cicula patch element is given by [1] h F A eff a {1 [ln( ) 1.776]} (6) F h Whee, f (in Hz) is the esonant fequency, h(in cm) is the thickness of the substate, ɑ is the effective adius of the cicula patch element and is the elative dielectic constant. In the following Fig., the antenna has been designed to cove specific 10 GHz opeating fequency whee the antenna dimension is in mm ange and the quate wavelength tansfome method [, 5] is used to match the impedance of the patch element with the tansmission line. Figue. Single element cicula micostip patch antenna. III. F h F { 1 [ln( ) 1.776]} F h MICROSTRIP ARRAY ANTENNA DESIGN Micostip antennas ae used not only as single element but also vey popula in aays. Micostip aays adiate efficiently only ove a naow band of fequencies and they (5) www.ijacsa.thesai.og 17 P a g e
(IJACSA) Intenational Jounal of Advanced Compute Science and Applications, Vol., No.8, 011 can t opeate at the high powe levels of waveguide, coaxial line, o even stipline [1]. Antenna aays ae used to scan the beam of an antenna system, to incease the diectivity and pefom vaious othe functions which would be difficult with any one single element. In the micostip aay, elements can be fed by a single line o by multiple lines in a feed netwok aangement. Based on thei feeding method [, 5] the aay is classified as Seies feed netwok Copoate feed netwok Seies-feed micostip aay is fomed by inteconnecting all the elements with high impedance tansmission line and feeding the powe at the fist element. Because the feed aangement is compact the line losses associated with this type of aay ae lowe than those of the copoate-feed type [5]. The main limitation in seies-feed aays is the lage vaiation of the impedance and beam-pointing diection ove a band of fequencies [5]. The copoate-feed netwok is used to povide powe splits of n (i.e. n = ; 4; 8; 16; etc.). This is accomplished by using eithe tapeed lines o using quate wavelength impedance tansfomes [5, 6]. In this pape the patch elements ae connected by using the quate wavelength impedance tansfome method. Copoate-feed aays ae geneal and vesatile. This method has moe contol of the feed of each element and is ideal fo scanning phased aays, multiband aays. Thus it povides bette diectivity as well as adiation efficiency and educe the beam fluctuations ove a band of fequencies compaed to the seies feed aay [5, 9]. The phase of each element can be contolled by using phase shiftes while amplitude can be adjusted using eithe amplifies o attenuatos [, 8]. In this pape we have investigated the pefomance of copoate feed aay in case of both the ectangula patch element and cicula patch element. A. Rectangula Patch Micostip Aay In this pape we have designed the 8-elements ectangula patch Micostip aay antenna, as shown in Fig. 3, to cove 10 GHz opeating fequency. Hee the powe is fed to the antenna by using the Micostip tansmission line method[, 3] and the patch elements ae matched togethe as well as with the tansmission line with the quate wavelength tansfome method fo the maximum powe tansmission. The adiated field of the E-plane fo a single element ectangula patch can be expessed by using the following fomula [, 10]. k0wv e E j k0h sin( cos) k L }cos( k0h cos jk0 0 0 e { sin) Hee, W is the width of the patch antenna, L e is the extended length, V 0 =he 0 is the voltage acoss adiating slot of (7) the patch, h is the substate height, K 0 =π/λ and is the fa field distance fom the antenna. The aay facto as given in [4, 8] as Hee, d x is the element spacing and N is the numbe of elements. Combining aay facto and element voltage adiation patten we get the total element nomalized powe adiation patten [, 4, 5] that is Figue 3. 8-elements copoate-feed ectangula micostip aay antenna. B. Cicula Patch Micostip Aay Hee the 8-elements cicula patch Micostip aay antenna, as shown in Fig. 4, is designed to opeate at 10 GHz fequency and simila to the pevious one the powe is fed to the antenna by using the Micostip tansmission line method and the patch elements ae matched togethe as well as with the tansmission line with the quate wavelength tansfome method fo the maximum powe tansmission. Figue 4. sin ( N ( d x / )sin ) FA N sin ( ( d / )sin ) 8-elements copoate-feed cicula micostip aay antenna. The adiated field of the E-plane fo a single element cicula patch can be expessed by using the following fomula [, 5]. jk0 ak0e ' E jv (10) 0 cosj 1( k0asin ) Hee, θ is the beam pointing angle measued fom the boadside diection, V 0 =he 0 is the voltage acoss adiating slot of the patch, K 0 =π/λ, J 1 is the Bessel function of fist ode and is the fa field distance fom the antenna. The aay facto as given in [14] as x (8) 0log( E / FA) (9) N sin( ) AF A 0 N sin( ) (11) www.ijacsa.thesai.og 18 P a g e
Whee d sin( )cos( ) d ( )S Hee, α is the phase diffeence between elements, N is the numbe of aay elements and S is the spacing between cicula patch elements. Now we can get the nomalized powe adiation patten by combining the element adiation patten and aay facto [5]. (IJACSA) Intenational Jounal of Advanced Compute Science and Applications, Vol., No.8, 011 IV. SIMULATION RESULT & DISCUSSION A. Rectangula Micostip Aay Antenna Paametes Figue 7. Radiation (Pola plot) patten of the 8-elements ectangula micostip aay antenna. Figue 5. Cuent distibution of 8-elements ectangula micostip aay antenna. In this pape, it is consideed that the substate pemittivity of the antenna is ε =. (Taconic TLY-5), height is 1.588 mm and esonance fequency of the antenna is 10 GHz. Afte simulation, as shown in Fig. 6, we found that, etun loss is - 5.1 db at 10 GHz and it is maximum. The simulated gain of the antenna, accoding to Fig. 7, is found aound 6 db at θ=0 0, φ=0 0 at the opeating fequency 10 GHz. Fig. 8 shows that the HPBW and the FNBW fo this simulated antenna ae in the ange 70 0 & 14.10 0 espectively. Figue 8. Radiation (Rectangula plot) patten of the 8-elements ectangula micostip aay antenna. B. Cicula Micostip Aay Antenna Paametes Figue 9. Cuent distibution of the 8-elements cicula micostip aay antenna. Figue 6. Retun loss of the 8-elements ectangula micostip aay. Hee, the substate pemittivity of the antenna is. (Taconic TLY-5), height is 1.588 mm and esonance fequency of the antenna is 10 GHz. Afte simulation, as shown in Fig. 10, we found that, etun loss is -4.96 db at 10 GHz and it is maximum that is -6.91 db at 9.8 GHz opeating www.ijacsa.thesai.og 19 P a g e
(IJACSA) Intenational Jounal of Advanced Compute Science and Applications, Vol., No.8, 011 fequency. The simulated gain of the antenna, accoding to Fig. 11, is found aound 7.1 db at θ= 0 0,φ=0 0 fo the opeating fequency 10 GHz. Fig. 1 shows that the HPBW and the FNBW fo this simulated antenna ae in the ange 89 0 and 130 0 espectively and Fig. 9 gives us the concept of cuent distibution of this aay antenna whish states that cuent density at each element of cicula aay antenna is much highe than that of the ectangula one as shown in Fig. 5. aay antenna, as shown in Fig. 5, at each patch element is not less than 0.1 amp/m and it is maximum up to 0.356 amp/m. Wheeas the cuent density fo the cicula micostip aay antenna, as shown in Fig. 9, at each patch element is not less than 0.156 amp/m and it is maximum up to 0.5 amp/m. Thus the cicula Micostip aay occupies lowe tansmission loss and it s the highe cuent density at each element povides bette adiation efficiency than the ectangula micostip aay. TABLE I. PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS BETWEEN RECTANGULAR AND CIRCULAR MICROSTRIP ARRAY ANTENNAS Figue 10. Retun loss of the 8-elements cicula micostip aay antenna. Pefomance Paamete Physical aea(mm ) Degee of feedom to contol Feeding Types Rectangula (4x)aay Cicula (4x)aay 95.6 34. 9.8 35.8 Two One FNBW 14.10 0 130 0 Simulated gain(db) Tansmission line loss Aound 6 7.1 Highe Lowe Retun loss(db) -5.1-4.96 Figue 11. Figue 1. Radiation (pola plot) patten of the 8-elements cicula micostip aay antenna. Radiation (ectangula plot) patten of the 8-elements cicula micostip aay antenna. C. Compaison Between These two Aay Antennas Afte obseving the pefomance analysis of both of these aay antennas, it is convenient to say that the cicula patch micostip aay antenna povides bette pefomance than the ectangula patch Micostip aay antenna. Cicula micostip aay antenna has the highe diective gain as well as the naow beam width which seem to be a suitable citeia to design a tansceive antenna. Moeove its one degee of feedom to contol educe the design complexities. It also shows a emakable achievements in case of cuent distibution. The cuent density fo the ectangula micostip V. CONCLUSION The unique featue of this micostip antenna is its simplicity to get highe pefomance. In many applications basically in ada and satellite communication, it is necessay to design antennas with vey high diective chaacteistics to meet the demand of long distance communication and the most common configuation to satisfy this demand is the aay fom of the micostip antenna. Afte the ectangula patch the next most popula configuation is the cicula patch and in ou investigation, compaing the cicula patch micostip aay antenna with the ectangula one, we have found that the cicula micostip aay has some advantages such as small dimensions, light weight, highe diectivity, highe cuent density and easy manufactuing. The physical aea of the cicula patch is 16% less than that of the ectangula patch [5]. Hee designed aay antennas coves 10 GHz opeating fequency and it would also be possible to design the bands, opeating any othe system such as in WLAN, WiMax, WBAN o othe wieless systems, by changing the dimension of the patch element. In futue, we can investigate the spial elements which seems to have moe adiation efficiency fo both the seies feed and copoate feed netwoks and at the same time we can mege two diffeent patch elements opeating at two o moe diffeent fequencies by using quate wavelength tansfome method within an aay netwok configuation to get multiband suppot. www.ijacsa.thesai.og 0 P a g e
REFERENCES [1] R. J. Mailloux, J. F. Mcllvenna, N. P. Kenweis, Micostip aay technology, IEEE Tans. Antenna Popagation Magazine, Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 5-7, 1981. [] C. A. Balanis, Antenna Engineeing, nd ed., Willey, 198. [3] T. A. Millikgan, Moden Antenna Design, nd ed., IEEE Pess, John Wiley & Sons inc., 007. [4] M. I. Skolnik, Intoduction to RADAR System, 3 d ed., McGaw Hill Highe Education, 000. [5] R. Gag, P. Bhatia, I. Bahl, A. Ittipiboon, Micostip Antenna Design Handbook, Atech House inc., 001. [6] R. J. Milloux, Electonically Scanned Aays, Mogan & Claypool, 007. [7] W. L. Stutzman, Estimating diectivity and gain of antennas, IEEE Antennas and Popagation Magazine, Vol. 40, No. 4,pp 7-11, August, 1998. [8] H. J. Visse, Aay and Phased Aay Antenna Basics, John Wiley & Sons Ltd., 005. [9] Muhammad Mahfuzul Alam, Md. Mustafizu Rahman Sonchoy, and Md. Osman Goni, Design and Pefomance Analysis of Micostip Aay Antenna, Pogess In Electomagnetic Reseach Symposium Poceedings, Moscow, Russia, August 18-1, 009. [10] Md. Shihabul Islam and Md. Tanvi Ishtaique-ul Huque, Design and Pefomance Analysis of Micostip Aay Antenna, B.Sc. Engineeing thesis, Dept. of ETE, Rajshahi Univesity Of Engineeing & Technology(RUET), Rajshahi, Bangladesh, Apil, 010. [11] Gi-cho Kang, Hak-young Lee, Jong-kyu Kim, Myun-joo Pak, Ku-band High Efficiency Antenna with Copoate-Seies-Fed Micostip Aay, IEEE Antennas and Popagation Society Intenational Symposium, 003. [1] T. F. Lai, Wan No Liza Mahadi, Nohayatision, Cicula Patch Micostip Aay Antenna fo KU-band, Wold Academy of Science, Engineeing and Technology, vol. 48, pp. 98-30, 008. [13] K. Shambavi, C. Z. Alex, T. N. P. Kishna, Design and Analysis of High Gain Milimete Wave Micostip Antenna Aay fo Analysis of High Gain Millimete Wave Micostip Anteanna Aay fo Wieless Application, Jounal of Applied Theoetical and Infomation Technology(JATIT), 009. [14] Asgha Keshtka, Ahmed Keshtka and A. R. Dastkhosh, Cicula Micostip Patch Aay Antenna fo C-Band Altimete System, (IJACSA) Intenational Jounal of Advanced Compute Science and Applications, Vol., No.8, 011 Intenational Jounal of Antenna and Popagation, aticle ID 389418, doi:10.1155/008/389418, Novembe, 007. [15] M. F. Islam, M. A. Mohd. Ali, B. Y. Majlis and N. Misan, Dual Band Micostip Patch Antenna fo Sa Applications, Austalian Jounal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 4(10): 4585-4591, 010. [16] http://en.wikipedia.og/wiki/x_band AUTHORS PROFILE Md. Tanvi Ishtaique-ul Huque was bon in 1988 in Bangladesh. He eceived his B.Sc. Engineeing degee fom the Rajshahi Univesity of Engineeing & Technology (RUET) in 010. Now he is woking as a pat time teache in the Dept. of Electonics and Telecommunication Engineeing of RUET. His eseach inteests include the antenna application of the wieless body aea netwok(wban) and next geneation wieless communication system. Md. Al-Amin Chowdhuy was bon in 1988 in Bangladesh. he has completed his B.Sc. in Electonic and Telecommunicaton Engineeing fom Rajshahi Univesity of Engineeing & Technology(RUET) in 010. He has keen inteest to eseach on the optical fibe, diffeent types of antennas. He wants to do his futhe study in USA on the communication field. Wold is becoming close and close due to the emakable achievements in the communication field. He wants to eceive the sound and pope knowledge in communication field so that he can contibute to the next geneation demands in the communication sectos. Md. kamal Hosain was bon in 198 in Bangladesh. He eceived his B.Sc. Engineeing degee fom the khulna Univesity of Engineeing & Technology(KUET) in 001 and now he woking as a Lectue in the Dept. of Electonics and Telecommunication Engineeing(ETE) of RUET. His eseach inteests include the antenna and its application on the biomedical devices. Md. Shah Alam was bon in Rangpu, Bangladesh, on June 4, 198. He eceived the B.Sc. degee in Electical and Electonic Engineeing fom Rajshahi Univesity of Engineeing & Technology, Rajshahi, Bangladesh, in 006. He is going to be completed his M.SC degee fom the same institution on July, 011. Fom 007 to 009, he was a Lectue with the Rajshahi Univesity of Engineeing & Technology, Rajshahi, Bangladesh and cuently he is woking thee as an Assistant Pofesso. His eseach inteests involve Electomagnetic and Nanotechnology. www.ijacsa.thesai.og 1 P a g e