Course Outline Name of Subject: Applied Instrumentation and Processing Code: INST212D Credits: 2 (Class 3, Lab 1) Learning and Support Time: Lecture : 36 Hours Tutorial: 12 Hours Laboratory: 12 Hours Independent Study : 2-3 Hours/Week for every Hour spent in Class Prerequisite(s): Aims/Description: This course provides students with an overview of industrial technology, processes and equipment. Some emphasis is given to the petroleum upstream processes. Assessment: 50% Incourse Assessment 50 % Final Exam Field Trip: Recommended Text: Course Content 1: Introduction to oil and gas industry Describe the origin of hydrocarbons and the development of the oil and gas industry. 1.1 Discuss the history of the oil and gas industry. 1.2 Discuss the origin of oil and gas. 2. Exploration and Geology
Explain the significance of geology and land administration in exploration of oil and gas reserves. 2.1 Discuss the origin of rock types. 2.2 Discuss the geological time scale. 2.3 Differentiate between clastic and non-clastic sedimentary rocks. 3. Explain the importance of rock properties in the formation of hydrocarbon reservoirs. 3.1 Discuss the various fluids produced from hydrocarbon reservoirs. 3.2 Discuss various technologies employed in the exploration for oil and gas. 3.3 Locate land parcels using established survey systems. 3.4 Discuss mineral rights and surface lease acquisition. 4. Reservoir Engineering Identify the variables that influence recovery of oil and gas reserves. 4.1 Describe fluid types and properties. 4.2 Demonstrate calculation of volumetric reserves. 4.3 Discuss the significance of enhanced recovery systems. 5. Drilling Describe the equipment and procedures required to drill and evaluate a well. 5.1 Identify the major subsystems of a conventional rotary drilling rig. 5.2 Discuss various means of formation evaluation. 5.3 Describe primary cementing operations. 5.4 Discuss the benefits of directional and horizontal wells. 6. Production Describe oil and gas recovery methods and surface treating. 6.1 Differentiate between common completion type
6.2 Describe downhole equipment 6.3 Describe stimulation procedures and their purpose 6.4 Discuss common artificial lift technologies 6.5 Discuss abandonment candidate selection 6.6 Describe abandonment regulations and prescribed techniques 6.7 Explain reasons for processing oil and gas 6.8 Discuss oil processing equipment at an oil battery 7. Process Variables Discuss process variables that directly affect the treatment and transportation of produced fluids. 6.1 Define pressure. 6.2 Differentiate between the following: atmospheric pressure (standard conditions and actual conditions), ambient pressure, gauge pressure, absolute pressure, hydrostatic head, and differential pressure. 6.3 State common units for pressure measurement in English and SI units (Pa, kpa, MPa, atm, psi, mm Hg, height of liquid (in/ft/m of water). 6.4 Explain the two common techniques in measuring pressure-manometer and bourdon tube pressure gauge. 6.5 State the common units used for temperature measurement in English and SI units (Fahrenheit, Rankin, Celsius, Kelvin) 6.6 Explain the function of the following: bimetal helix, temperature gauge, thermowell, and thermocouple. 6.7 Define density, specific gravity, relative density and API gravity. 6.8 State common units used for density measurement in English and SI units (kg /m 3, lb/ft 3, kg/l, lb/gal). 6.9 Explain a hydrometer, a common technique in density measurement for use in product specification. 6.10 Define viscosity 6.11 Compare and interpret the numerical values of fluid viscosities of water, gasoline, conventional crude oil and heavy oil. 6.12 Define fluid. 6.13 Differentiate between liquid, gas and vapour and locate each on a pressure/temperature diagram. 6.14 Define mass and volumetric flowrate for liquids and gases. 6.15 State common units for flowrate measurement in English and SI units 6.16 Identify 4 common flowmeters used in industrial processes; orifice, venturi, turbine and rotameter and explain the basic operating principle of each. 8. Process Equipment
Discuss process variables that directly affect the treatment and transportation of produced fluids. 7.1 State the purpose of a pump in a processing facility. 7.2 Differentiate between the principle of operation of centrifugal and positive displacement pump. 7.3 Identify the following types of pumps: - Centrifugal pumps: single stage and multistage - Positive Displacement pumps: Reciprocating, progressive cavity, rotary vane, sliding vane, gear, lobe 7.4 Identify a typical application for a centrifugal and positive displacement pump. 7.5 Identify common industrial drivers: electric, gas-driven, turbine 7.6 Differentiate between a fan/blower and compressor based on head (pressure) development. 7.7 State the types of compressors used in industrial processes: centrifugal, reciprocating and screw compressor. 7.8 Identify and state the purpose of valves. 7.9 Describe the design and state the application of the following types of valves; gate, globe, plug, check, needle, butterfly, ball, pressure safety and relief valves, emergency shut downs, control valves (fail open/fail close), steam traps. 7.10 Apply the pipe schedule table to determine actual pipe inside and outside diameters. 7.11 Identify the major types of pipe fittings. 7.12 Describe the most common methods of connecting pipe: flanged, screwed, welded 7.13 Explain the principles of operation for a double pipe, shell and tube, plate and frame heat exchanger, fired heaters and fin-fan cooler. 7.14 Explain the purpose of the following; baffles, multiple pass, parallel and countercurrent flow. 7.15 Explain the function of coolers, heaters, condensers, reboilers, chillers, evaporators. 7.16 Identify the components of a control loop: primary sensor, transmitter, controller and final control element. 7.17 Identify the basic types of control loops for controlling pressure, temperature, flow and level given a P&ID for the Distillation and Gas Absorption Labs. 7.18 Explain simple alarm functions and ISA abbreviations. 9. Unit Operations Identify and describe basic unit operations used in industrial processes.
8.1 State the purpose of distillation. 8.2 Explain the flow of vapour and liquid in a distillation tower. 8.3 State the purpose of trays and packing in a column. 8.4 Identify the following types of trays; bubble caps, valve caps, sieve tray. 8.5 State the purpose of absorption. 8.6 State the importance of pressure and temperature in the absorber column and in the regenerating column. 8.7 Differentiate between lean and rich solvent. 8.8 State typical applications of gas absorption. 8.9 Explain the function of refrigeration. Describe principles of operation of a simple compression based refrigeration cycle. 10. Unit Operations Overview Describe an industrial process given a PFD (Process Flow Diagram). 9.1 Select a process flow diagram (PFD) for one of the following industries: Natural gas processing Petrochemical Power generation/water treatment 9.2 Identify and discuss the purpose of the various unit operations in the selected flow diagram. Laboratory Exercises (Petroleum and Processing): Geology Lab Reservoir Lab Drilling Lab Production Lab Introduction to Processing Terminology and Equipment Introduction to Distillation and Related Instrumentation (Chemical Engineering Lab). Introduction to Gas Absorption and Related Instrumentation. Introduction to Power Engineering Terminology and Equipment Internet Resources: Course Standards: What you can expect from instructors: 1. Preparation
Instructors will be on time and will be prepared, to the best of their abilities, using the resources available for each session. 2. Communication Instructors will keep you informed through verbal, written, and data Communication. All deadlines for assignment will be clearly communicated. 3. Availability Lecturer consultation hours will be posted to let students know where, when, and how they can be reached during the normal working day. 4. Fair Evaluation You have the right to know how and why you received any mark. Instructors employ several evaluation tools that will be explained before your work is marked. 5. Currency Instructors endeavor to keep their knowledge and skills up-to-date through in-service activities and professional development. What we expect from learners: 1. Attendance Unless otherwise arranged by your instructor or approved by the Programme Coordinator, students are required to maintain a minimum of 80% class attendance. Failure to maintain a minimum of 80 % attendance in any course will result in the student receiving a fail grade for that particular course. Classes will not be retaught; any handouts or notes that you miss by not attending class should be obtained from classmates. 2. Assignments All assignments, whether for marks or not, must be handed in on-time. Unless otherwise arranged by your instructor or approved by the Programme Coordinator failure to submit assignments on-time will result an immediate reduction of 10% of the assignment mark and a further 5% per day. Written assignments must conform to formats designated by you lecturer and be orderly as well as legible. Unprofessional work will be returned to you unmarked. Keep a draft, a photocopy, or disk copy of all your completed assignments until you have received your transcript. All course assignments must be handed directly to the course lecturer. In the event the lecturer is unavailable, the lecturer will designate a member of faculty or administrative staff to collect the assignments on their behalf. For submission of assignments to any designated person other than the course lecturer, the student must ensure they receive a receipt upon submission. 3. Progression
To obtain a passing grade in any course, students must attain at least a 50% score in their overall in-course assessment as well as a minimum of 50% in their final examinations. You must successfully complete all prerequisite courses before you progress in your program. You should make an appointment with Programme Leader in the Campus if you need to clear a deficiency or have other questions about your courses. 4. Credit Duplication No assignment that has been or is being submitted for credit in another course or program can be submitted for credit without the knowledge and approval of all instructors involved. 5. Equipment & Supplies Equipment required for oral presentations should be requested one week in advance so that your instructor can make the necessary arrangements for you. 6. Originality Original work can include research from other individuals, books or bodies of work, but it must be credited to the author accordingly. Plagiarism is the taking of another person s thoughts, words, results, judgements, ideas, images etc, and presenting them as your own. Plagiarism is a form of cheating and a serious academic offence. A substantiated charge of plagiarism will result in a penalty being ordered ranging from a mark of zero for the assessed work to expulsion. Collusion is another form of cheating and is the unacknowledged use of material prepared by several persons working together. Students are reminded that all work that they submit as part of the requirements for any examination or assessment must be expressed in their own words and incorporate their own ideas and judgements. Direct quotations from the published or unpublished work of others, including that of other students, must always be identified as such by being placed inside quotation marks with a full reference to the source provided in the proper form. Paraphrasing - using other words to express another person s ideas or judgements - must also be acknowledged (in a footnote or bracket following the paraphrasing) and referenced. In the same way, the authors of images and audiovisual presentations must be acknowledged. Students should take particular care to avoid plagiarism and collusion in coursework, essays and reports, especially when using electronic sources or when working in a group. Students should also take care in the use of their own work. Credit can only be given once for a particular piece of assessed work. Submitting the same piece of work (or a significant part thereof) twice for assessment will be regarded as cheating. Unacknowledged collaboration may result in a charge of plagiarism or in a charge of collusion. Students are advised to consult their lecturer for guidance on the proper presentation of work and the most appropriate way to reference sources. Students should be aware that academic staff have considerable expertise in identifying plagiarism and have access to electronic detection services to assist them.