Startup Guide for ET2001 ADS Establishing a High-precision AC/DC Transfer Standard using ET2001 ADS System Nano-Electronics Research Institute National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (NeRI/AIST, Japan)
Contents Introduction to AC-DC Transfer Standard Thermal Converter and AC-DC Difference Fast-Reversed DC (FRDC) Method Description of ET2001 ADS System FRDC/DSS/TC/AMP s HF-TVC and LF-TVC Calibration of Thermal Converters Evaluation of Reference TC Remote(e-trace)Calibration Calibration of Fluke 5790A(AC-DC)
AC-DC Transfer Standard Role of AC-DC Transfer Standard. ("Bridge" between DC voltage and AC voltage) DC Voltage Standard (Josephson Voltage Standard) Precision AC-Waveform Synthesis AC-DC Transfer Standard AC-Voltage Standard(rms) (10 Hz - 1 MHz)
AC-DC Difference and Thermal Converter AC-DC Difference of a Thermal Converter Steady-State DC Input Output AC(Sine wave) V DC V AC (t) E DC E AC ( f ) Thermal Converter Definition of AC-DC Difference δ AC-DC (f) = V AC - V DC V DC for E AC = E DC
Thermal Converter Element Single-Junction Thermal Converter --- Developed in 1950's and still in use --- Heater Support Lead Bead Glass Bulb Thermocouple
AC-DC Difference Comparator [1] Schematic diagram of an AC-DC difference comparator system. AC(Sine wave) DC (+/-) AC Source AC-DC Switch DC Source nv Meter TVC UUT(X) TEE TVC REF(S) nv Meter
AC-DC Difference Comparator [2]
Characteristic of a Thermal Converter Frequency characteristics of AC-DC difference of a thermal converter Low-Frequency Characteristics (Thermal Ripple) δ AC-DC High-Frequency Characteristics (Stray L,C) 0 δ TE (DC Offset) 10 100 10 k 1 M f (Hz) Thermoelectric Transfer Difference --> Fast-Reversed DC Measurement
Fast-Reversed DC Method Basic Concept of Fast-Reversed DC Method ---Proposed by M. Klonz (PTB) in 1990 --- Measurement Circuit DC+ Thermal Converter DC- Nano- Voltmeter FRDC Waveforms DC(-) FRDC DC(+)
Thermoelectric Effects in TC Element Evaluation of Thermoelectric Effect in Thermal Converter Temperature gradient due to thermoelectric effect is developed at DC mode. Same temperature gradient is developed at slow-switching condition. Temperature gradient is not developed for fast-switching condition. DC[+] DC[-] Slow Switching Fast Switching t t t t T Joule component T Thomson T T component x x x (a) (b) (c) (d) x
Thermoelectric Transfer Difference Thermoelectric transfer difference of various types of thermal converters evaluated by FRDC-DC difference measurements 6.0 4.0 SJTC S10-32 FRDC-DC Difference (µv/v) 2.0 0.0-2.0-4.0 SJTC S12-57 MJTC GL32472 MJTC N136 SJTC S6-8 MJTC PTB73 SJTC S10-45 SJTC S10-28 -6.0 0.1 1 10 100 1000 1000 Switching Frequency (Hz)
ET2001 ADS System (Overview) System Components FRDC : Precision quasi-rectangular waveform generator DSS : Precision AC (sin) and DC voltage source TC : Thermal converter with optically isolated digital output PS/IF : Low-noise power supply with USB-serial interface HF-TVC: TVC with calculable High-Frequency characteristic Application Establishing a primary standard: TC module calibrated by FRDC module, DSS module and HF-TVC Remote ("e-trace") calibration: TC module (and DSS module) used as a traveling standard.
ET2001 ADS System (FRDC ) Schematic diagram of FRDC(Fast-Reversed DC) module To PS/IF Sequence Controller Micro Controller Opto- Couplers Source A 12-bit DAC Source B 12-bit DAC INV INV FRDC OUT A circuit module to generate of DC and FRDC waveforms using "Source A/B switching" circuit. (Developed at AIST in cooperation with Sunjem Co.) Output Voltage 1 V - 10 V Switching Frequency 0.1 Hz - 10 khz
ET2001 ADS System (DSS ) Schematic diagram of DSS(Digital Sine-wave Synthesis) module To PS/IF Frequency Generator Micro Controller Opto- Couplers 12-bit DAC DDS Circuit DC- DC+ AC Buffer DSS OUT A circuit module to generate highly stable DC and AC(sine) waveform using a DDS chip. (Developed at AIST in cooperation with Sunjem Co.) Output Voltage 1 V - 10 V Output Frequency 10 Hz - 1 MHz
ET2001 ADS System (TC/AMP ) TC module To PS/IF Micro Controller Opto- Couplers 24-bit ADC 12-bit DAC Hi Lo Hi Lo TC TC INPUT AMP module To PS/IF Micro Controller Opto- Couplers 24-bit ADC 12-bit DAC Hi Lo Hi Lo AMP INPUT Ext. TC A circuit module to measure output EMF of a Thermal Converter element using 24-bit A/D converter. (Developed at AIST in cooperation with Sunjem Co.)
Thermal Converter (Element) New Thin-Film Multi-Junction Thermal Converter (MJTC) Heater (NiCr) Thermocouple (Bi/Sb) Output-Hi Input-Hi Polyimide Film Type JSTC04 developed at AIST in cooperation with Nikkohm Co. Alumina Frame Input-Lo Output-Lo AlN Chip
Thermal Converter (HF-TVC) High-Frequency Thermal Voltage Converter (HF-TVC) To AC/DC Source (SMA) TC element (Nikkohm JSTC04) Virtual-Tee configuration: TC element directly connected to the reference plane. To TC(UUT) (Type N-P) Reference Plane Output (LEMO 3 pin)
HF-TVC(Frequency Characteristic) Calculated Frequency Characteristic of a 500Ω input HF-TVC 10.0 8.0 AC-DC Difference(ppm) 6.0 4.0 2.0 0.0-2.0-4.0-6.0-8.0-10.0 10 100 1000 Frequency(kHz) Ave(cal) 1s(cal) +1s(fit) -1s(fit) Nom(fit) +2s(fit) -2s(fit)
Thermal Converter (Variation) LF-TVC MF-TVC / TC- HF-TVC Frequency Range Lower-Frequency 5 Hz - 100 Hz General Purpose 10 Hz - 1 MHz Higher-Frequency 10k Hz - 1 MHz Feature Reduced Thermal Ripple Small Thermoelectric Effect Calculable Frequency Characteristics TC Element JSTC06LF(*) JSTC06(*) JSTC04 Input Resistance 500 Ω < 10 ppm/k 50 Ω - 2 kω < 25 ppm/k 500 Ω < 25 ppm/k Time Constant 6 s 2 s 3 s Sensitivity 0.8 mv /mw 0.8 mv /mw 0.6 mv /mw Reversal Error < 10 ppm (*) < 10 ppm (*) < 100 ppm Chassis * Under Development / Evaluation
Evaluation of Thermal Converter (Scheme) Evaluation of AC-DC difference of a thermal converter using ET2001 ADS system (Self-Calibration) δ AC-DC Thermal Ripple Stray L,C HF Characteristics AMP 0 δ TE (DC Offset) 10 100 10 k 1 M f (Hz) DSS TC(X) HF-TVC (S) LF Characteristics DC Offset DSS TC(X) FRDC TC(X)
Evaluation of TC (Over-all Procedure) Evaluation Stage FRDC LF-TVC DSS FRDC-DC AC-AC ACLF TC HF-TVC AC-AC (REF) Comparison Stage AC-DC TC (Transfer) AC-DC AC-DC (UUT) TC
Evaluation of TC (DC Offset / Setup) Evaluation of Low-Frequency Characteristics of TC using ET2001 ADS system FRDC Waveform 0.1 Hz - 10 khz FRDC TC UUT(X) FRDC TC(X)
Evaluation of TC (DC Offset / Data) FRDC-DC difference measurement to determine thermoelectric transfer difference (DC offset) of a thermal converter. 2.00 (x10-6 ) FRDC-DC Difference 1.00 0.00-1.00-2.00 0.1 Data Fitting TC: MKD#07 FRDC: #001 1 10100 1000 Reversing Frequency (Hz) @10V
Evaluation of TC (LF Characteristic / Setup) Evaluation of low-frequency characteristics of a TC using DSS module as a reference standard, LF-AC Waveform (10 Hz - 100 Hz) DSS 10 Hz - 1 khz TC UUT(X) DSS TC(X)
Evaluation of TC (LF Characteristic / Data) An example of low-frequency characteristic of a thermal converter. Linear part of the frequency dependence of the AC-DC difference is due to rms error of DSS module. (x10-6 ) 5.0 10 V 8 V 6 V AC-DC Difference 0.0-5.0-10.0-15.0 Fitting TC: MKD#07 DSS :#001 0 20 40 60 80 100 Frequency (Hz)
Evaluation of TC (HF Characteristic / Setup) Evaluation of High-Frequency Characteristics of TC DSS AMP TC(X) UUT(X) AC Waveform 1 khz - 1 MHz DSS HF-TVC (S) TC HF-TVC AMP AC-DC difference comparison between UUT(Unit Under Test: X) and a HF-TVC as a Reference(S) at frequencies between 10 khz to 1 MHz.
Evaluation of TC (HF Characteristic / Data) An example of high-frequency characteristic of a thermal converter measured against a reference HF-TVC using an AC-DC difference comparator. 80 (x10-6 ) AC-AC Difference 60 40 20 0 Data Fitting Frequency (khz) TC: MKD#07 HF-TVC: #4003 @10V -20 0 200 400 600 800 1000 Frequency (Hz)
Remote Calibration (Setup) Calibration of a thermal converter using ET2001 ADS system Use TC module (and DSS module) as a traveling standard. TC(X) TC(S) UUT(X1) Traveling Standard TC DSS DSS AC-DC difference comparison between UUT(X1) and UUT(X2) TC UUT(X2) TEE TC REF(S) through REF(S)
Remote Calibration (Data) Calibration of a thermal converter using ET2001 ADS system (a) Result of Self Calibration of a TC module (MKD#07) (b) Result of a Remote Calibration of a TC module(mkd#07) by NMIJ (x10-6 ) AC-DC Difference 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 TC: MKD#07 @10V Self Calibration Remote Calibration -10 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k 1 M Frequency (Hz)
Calibration of Fluke 5790A [1] Type ET2001 AC-DC Standard System AC-DC Transfer mode DSS Fluke 5790A AMP HF-TVC An example of calibration for AC-DC transfer function of Fluke 5790A AC Voltage Standard.
Calibration of Fluke 5790A [2] HF- TVC Fluke 5790A DSS AMP
Calibration of Fluke 5790A [3] Result of Calibration (10 Hz to 100 khz, 5V) Cal. by 4X08(N-R) and 4Z03 (BP)
Further Reference (Manuals) Quick-Start Manual for ET2001 ADS system A Guide for establishing primary AC-DC transfer standard using ET2001 ADS system Technical Reference for ET2001 ADS System (1) Hardware Manual (2) Software Manual Technical Reference for JSTC Thermal Converters