DESIGNING AND DEPLOYING SPECIAL MULTI FUNCTION FIBER OPTIC CABLES Heiner Ottersberg 1
NSW The Company Over 100 Years Experience in Cable Technology 1899 NSW (Norddeutsche Seekabelwerke) is founded by the Deutsch Atlantische Telegraphengesell schaft and Felten & Guilleaume 1995 SIEMENS a major NSW shareholder since 1931 acquires the remaining outstanding shares in NSW 2000 NSW becomes a 100% subsidiary of Corning Cable Systems Headquarter Norddeutsche Seekabelwerke GmbH & Co. KG (Germany) Affiliates NSW Technology Ltd. (U.K.) NSW Submarine Cable Systems, Inc. (U.S.A.) NSW Submarine Cable Systems Sdn. Bhd. (Malaysia) 2
Submarine Cable Systems Underwater Fiber Optic Telecommunications Solutions Submarine Cables Fiber optic cables & accessories for submarine networks Turnkey Submarine Cable Systems Complete solutions for established submarine network operators & investors wishing to create new submarine networks Repair & Maintenance Submarine cable system repair & maintenance services to ensure optimal network availability Offshore Oil & Energy Systems Integration Special solutions tailored to meet the telecommunications needs of the offshore industry 3
Certification NSW reputation has been established on the manufacture of cables of the highest quality. In addition to being accredited with ISO 9001, NSW also manufactures cables completely with the full approval of recognized international quality accreditors such as Lloyds, DNV GL and ABS. ISO 9001 ISO 14001 OSHA 18000 intended 4
Hybrid Network Topologies Repeatered and Repeaterless Solutions Connection between festoons to create super networks Restoration and express paths Festoon networks Repeaterless Repeatered Landing Point 5
Arcos Project Our Experience Customer: New World Network Length: NSW: Longest Span: Number of Links: 24 Countries 15 8600 km 6800 km thereof 376 km (repeaterless) 1006 km (repeatered) Transmission Capacity per fiber pair Start: End: 8 x 2.5 Gb/s 16 x 10 Gb/s Ring structure facilitates traffic collection, i.e. optimal capacity utilization 6
MINISUB Cable Design Basic Elements A submarine cable has five basic elements: the optical fibers (SMF/PSCF) the optical package (loose tube) an inner strength member (wires) Insulation (HDPE) Armoring Outer Diameter 23 mm 7
MINISUB Cable Design The optical Fibers Design Parameters are: Attenuation Losses Reliability Sensitivity (attenuation variation due to cabling) PMD, Chromatic Dispersion 8
MINISUB Cable Design Optical Package: Central Buffer Tube Longitudinally welded copper tube against hydrogen ingress best protection of the fibers high fiber count no attenuation at tension fiber excess length radial clearance Design parameter: size (D), thickness (d) d D 9
Tensile test of a submarine cable MINISUB Cable Design Fiber Excess Length 1,0 1,0 No stretching 0,8 of fibers if cable is elongated Attenuation change (1550 nm) / db 0,6 0,4 0,2 0,0 0,2 Fiber strain / % Enough safety Attenuation / db Included in the design 0,8 0,6 0,4 0,2 0,0 0,2 Fiber strain / % 0 0,3 0,6 0,9 1,2 Cable strain / % 10
MINISUB Cable Design Insulation Modern insulation materials are based on polyethylene Best choice is high density polyethylene (HDPE) HDPE offers very low inclusion content (high cleanliness) Insulation offers possibility to locate cable with toning devices The inner strength member of preformed high strength galvanized steel wires are filled with a special cable filling compound to minimize water ingress 11
MINISUB Cable Design Armoring Armoring serves two purposes; it gives the cable integrity and structural strength to resist the stresses of laying, and it protects the installed cable from marine predators, chafing on rocks, and ships' anchors. Armor means protection Armor means durability 12
Qualification Overview qualification test matrix Under consideration to ITU T G.976 LW SA DA 2000 m 5000 m 1500 m 600 m ITU T G.976 7.2.1.1 Manufactured cable loss ITU T G.976 7.2.1.2 Cable fibre strain ITU T G.976 7.2.1.3 Temperature stability ITU T G.976 7.2.1.4 Hydraulic pressure resistance ITU T G.976 7.2.2.1 Tensile test with twist restrained ITU T G.976 7.2.2.2 Tensile test with torque minimized ITU T G.976 7.2.2.3 Tensile test with load to failure ITU T G.976 7.2.2.4 Mechanical fatigue test ITU T G.976 7.2.2.5 Sheave tests ITU T G.976 7.2.3.1 Crush resistance ITU T G.976 7.2.3.2 Impact resistance ITU T G.976 7.2.3.3 Flexure resistance ITU T G.976 7.2.4.1 Water ingress limitation ITU T G.976 7.2.4.2 Corrosion test ITU T G.976 7.2.5.1 Cable inter layer adhesion test ITU T G.976 7.2.5.2 Cable stopper tests ITU T G.976 7.2.5.3 Tests with installation equipment done 13
General Network Topologies Ring Point to point TMX TMX ADM ADM ADM Star Mesh ADM DXC DXC TMX TMX DXC TMX DXC DXC ADM = SDH Add/Drop Multiplexer TMX = SDH Terminal Multiplexer DXC = SDH Cross Connect = tributary interfaces:, 140/34/2Mbps Source: ICN TR 14
Offshore Oil, Gas & Energy Systems 15
North Sea Project OSEBERG : 16 Fibres Troll A VESLEFRIKK : 18 Fibres : 24 Fibres : 32 Fibres SNORRE E Centralizing Unit E SEAL HULDRA KVITEBJORN : 48 Fibres : 72 Fibres GULLFAKS C E Centralizing Unit URADUCT Protection Additional Weights BSR BSR Anchor Clamp LHL : LAY DOWN HEAD with LOOPING BOX LH : LAY DOWN HEAD (PULL IN HEAD) HO : HANG OFF BSR : BENDING STRAIN RELIEF PH : PULL DOWN HEAD 2m 50m Info for BU : Chinese Finger (Pulling GRIP) 16
Accessories MINISUB Cable Family Cable to Cable Joint Lay Down Head Branching Unit 17
Nestor Project Central longitudinally welded copper buffer tube of all cable types prevents the transmission signal quality loss that results over time from contact of hydrogen molecules with the optical fibers and works as a copper conductor to deliver up to 6kW of D.C. power (power return is electrolytic via the sea) to scientific pay loads attached at the end of the cable. 18
Thank You For Your Attention 19