PARIS Ocean Altimeter M. Martín-Neira, S. D Addio (TEC-ETP) European Space Agency Acknowledgment: C. Buck (TEC-ETP) N. Floury, R. Prieto (TEC-EEP) GNSS-R10 Workshop, UPC, Barcelona, 21-22 October 2010 0/20
Objective The PARIS Ocean Altimeter is the payload of the PARIS In-Orbit Demonstrator PARIS IoD objective To explore the use of GNSS reflected signals for scientific applications: - Number of GNSS satellites will be above 150 and for decades (important in climatology) - Focus of PARIS IoD is mesoscale ocean altimetry (most stringent application foreseen) - The demonstration of mesoscale ocean altimetry could lead into a follow-on on mission GNSS-R10 Workshop, UPC, Barcelona, 21-22 October 2010 1/20
Mission Summary GNSS-R10 Workshop, UPC, Barcelona, 21-22 October 2010 2/20
PARIS IoD Concept High gain beams for direct signals (D) High gain beams for reflected signals (R) Observables obtained by cross-correlation (DxR) Implicit use of full GNSS bandwidth (3x40 MHz) Precise estimation of ionospheric delay Low noise ionospheric correction Precise on-board delay calibration Precise on-board amplitude calibration L5 L2 L1 40 MHz 40 MHz 40 MHz GNSS-R10 Workshop, UPC, Barcelona, 21-22 October 2010 3/20
Interferometric Processing Amplitude [A.U.] 6 x 10-16 Normalized Cross-Correlation Power Waveform C/A code GPS L1 5 4 3 2 C/A 1 L1 interferometric 10-fold improvement demonstrated from a bridge in quasi-specular conditions Next step: aircraft experiment in diffused conditions ( a 3-fold precision improvement expected, at least ) 0-5 -4-3 -2-1 0 1 2 3 4 5 Delay [Chips] GNSS-R10 Workshop, UPC, Barcelona, 21-22 October 2010 4/20
Specular Pointing PARIS IoD 4 specular points (GPS + GALILEO) Operational mission 20 specular points GPS + GALILEO + GLONASS + BEIDOU + INSS GNSS-R10 Workshop, UPC, Barcelona, 21-22 October 2010 5/20
Non-specular Pointing - Exploring new applications: : SWH, ocean surface currents, swell (and rogue) waves G G P P Backscatter 0 doppler line B S D S (a) Backscatter (b) 0-doppler 0 line GNSS-R10 Workshop, UPC, Barcelona, 21-22 October 2010 6/20
Ionospheric Correction I - One of the main goals of this demonstrator is to show that the large ionospheric delay at L-band can be corrected accurately from orbit to keep the required altimetric performance G 1 G 2 P Ionosphere i i s 1 s 2 O GNSS-R10 Workshop, UPC, Barcelona, 21-22 October 2010 7/20
Ionospheric Correction II Vertical Delay (m) 12.000 10.000 +12 m Derived from RA-2 real data 8.000 6.000 4.000 2.000 0 m 0.000-8000.0-6000.0-4000.0-2000.0 0.0 2000.0 4000.0 6000.0 Mesoscale Delay (m) 6 4 2 +6 6 m 0-8000.0-6000.0-4000.0-2000.0 0.0-2 2000.0 4000.0 6000.0-4 -6-8 -10 10 m Residual Delay (m) 0.15 0.1 0.05 +0.15 m 0-8000.0-6000.0-4000.0-2000.0 0.0 2000.0 4000.0 6000.0-0.05 200 km averaging of mesoscale delay applied -0.1-0.15 0.15 m GNSS-R10 Workshop, UPC, Barcelona, 21-22 October 2010 8/20
PARIS Ocean Altimeter Antenna - Double phased-array array with 19 elements on each side - Dual frequency: GPS L1 and L5 (Galileo E1 and E5) 0.9 m space for the electronics height < 11 cm Uplooking antenna Downlooking antenna GNSS-R10 Workshop, UPC, Barcelona, 21-22 October 2010 9/20
Antenna Element Pairing Up Concept Up-looking Antenna Elements Pressure connector 10 mm Honeycomb panel Electrical Harness Calibration Switch and LNA Aluminium Beam Pressure connector 10 mm Honeycomb panel < 11 cm Down-looking Antenna Elements GNSS-R10 Workshop, UPC, Barcelona, 21-22 October 2010 10/20
PARIS Ocean Altimeter Beamformers Beamformer B S1 Switch circuit UP 1 Antenna element Beamformer A T1 B1 1 B2 Sn LNA BPF B3 Power Divider Tn Phase Shifter DOWN DOWN 1 UP m Power Combiner UP 1 DOWN m GNSS-R10 Workshop, UPC, Barcelona, 21-22 October 2010 11/20
PARIS Ocean Altimeter Block Diagram GNSS receiver Ground Station (S-band uplink) GNSS-R10 Workshop, UPC, Barcelona, 21-22 October 2010 12/20
Delay and Amplitude Calibration - Accurate delay and amplitude calibration are essential for the scientific exploitation of the GNSS signals - Delay calibration is proposed by the swapping technique, for example - Amplitude calibration is based on radiometer techniques, using the cold sky and a matched load - The calibration box in-between the paired up-down elements performs the required switching of the inputs UP 1:2 switch 1:3 switch LNA 2 loads LNA 1 1:3 switch 1:2 switch DOWN GNSS-R10 Workshop, UPC, Barcelona, 21-22 October 2010 13/20
Preliminary Mass Budget TET Capability 47 kg GNSS-R10 Workshop, UPC, Barcelona, 21-22 October 2010 14/20
Preliminary Power Budget Payload Average Power Consumption < 100 W GNSS-R10 Workshop, UPC, Barcelona, 21-22 October 2010 15/20
Preliminary Mass and Power Budgets Summary PARIS IoD preliminary mass and power budgets are compatible with the TET platform GNSS-R10 Workshop, UPC, Barcelona, 21-22 October 2010 16/20
Payload Accommodation Stowed Configuration Antenna hold-down and release mechanism GNSS-R10 Workshop, UPC, Barcelona, 21-22 October 2010 17/20
Payload Accommodation on TET Platform Payload Electronics TET Platform PARIS Double-phased Array Deployment mechanisms and signal harness GNSS-R10 Workshop, UPC, Barcelona, 21-22 October 2010 18/20
PARIS IoD Launch Scenario Main passenger PARIS IoD GNSS-R10 Workshop, UPC, Barcelona, 21-22 October 2010 19/20
PARIS IoD Overall Planning 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Budget Consolidation Proof of Concept Critical Breadboarding Phase A APPROVED RUNNING ACTIVITIES GNSS-R10 Aircraft Test ACTIVITIES PENDING OF FUNDING Pot money TRP GSTP GSP GALILEO Evolution TBD Phase B Simulator and Ground Campaigns Phase C/D Launch Campaign late 2016 Launch in early 2017 GNSS-R10 Workshop, UPC, Barcelona, 21-22 October 2010 20/20