Raising Awareness of Emergency Vehicles in Traffic Using Connected Vehicle Technologies Larry Head University of Arizona September 23, 2017 1
Connected Vehicles DSRC 5.9 GHz Wireless Basic Safety Message (SAE J2735 BSM) Broadcast 10 times/second (10 HZ) Purpose: Safety Mobility Environment Basic Safety Message (BSM) Temporary ID (ensure privacy) Position (GPS) Motion Speed Heading Steering Wheel Angle Acceleration Brakes Vehicle Size Mode (vehicle, transit, truck, EV, ) 2
Official Connected Vehicle Definition Definition: Connected Vehicle (USDOT) The U.S. DOT defines a Connected Vehicle as one that can transmit and receive Basic Safety Messages (BSMs) following the WAVE protocol, established in Standard IEEE 802.11p which uses the ITS band of 5.9 GHz (5.85 5.925 GHz). http://stsmo.transportation.org/documents/connectedvehiclestoinfrastructure101_presentationrev7.pdf, Slide 4 3
The Connected Vehicle System 1999 FCC Allocated 75 MHz for Intelligent Transportation Systems Development of Communication Standards IEEE 1609 WAVE Communications SAE J2735 Message Set and J2945/x Performance Requirements USDOT/FHWA Research and Development of Applications (54): Safety, Mobility, and Environment Collision Avoidance Metric Partnership (CAMP) 2017 NHTSA Notice of Proposed Rulemaking Mandate that all light duty vehicles be equipped with DSRC starting in 2021 (approx.) Mandate future wireless (e.g. 5G) required to be compatible (interoperate) 2017 Cadillac CTS first commercially available vehicle with DSRC V2I Deployment Coalition States/Local Agencies working towards deployment SPaT Challenge USDOT ITS JPO, 2017
Connected Vehicles and Infrastructure Systems DSRC 5.9 GHz Radio BSM/SRM Signal Phase and Timing (SPaT) MAP Vehicle(s) + Connected Vehicle Equipment Cooperative Applications: Transit Priority Truck Priority Emergency Vehicle Priority Connected Vehicle Infrastructure Equipment Road Side Unit (RSU) On Board Unit (OBU) After Market Safety Device (ASD) MAP Data Digital Description of Roadway (D. Kelley, 2012) 5
Latency (in seconds) From US DOT Briefings on Connected Vehicle 60 40 20 10 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.0.02.01 WiFi 802.11 (3-5 secs) Cellular (1.5-3.5 secs) 5.9 GHz DSRC (.0002 secs) Note: Y-axis not to scale for illustration purposes Terrestrial Digital Radio & Satellite Digital Audio Radio (10-20 secs) Bluetooth (3-4 secs) WiMax (1.5-3.5 secs) Communications Technologies Latency vs. Communications Technologies For IntelliDrive SM Two-Way Satellite (60+ secs) Active Safety Latency Requirements (secs) Traffic Signal Violation Warning 0.1 Curve Speed Warning 1.0 Emergency Electronic Brake Lights 0.1 Pre-Crash Sensing 0.02 Cooperative Forward Collision Warning 0.1 Left Turn Assistant 0.1 Lane Change Warning 0.1 Stop Sign Movement Assistance 0.1 Least stringent latency requirement for Active Safety ( 1 sec) Most Stringent latency requirement for Active Safety (.02 sec) March 25, 2016 Data source: Vehicle Safety Communications Project Final Report 6
WAVE Communications 176 High Availability Low Latency BSM 10 Hz MAP 1 Hz SPaT 10 Hz EVA 1 Hz RSA 1 Hz WSA WAVE Service Announcement Service on Channel (PSID+PSC) Selected MMITSS Priority Channel SRM SSM High Power Long Range (Public Service) Public Service Emergency Source: Delgrossi, L. and T. Zhang, Vehicle Safety Communications: Protocols, Security, and Privacy, Wiley, 2012. 7
Connected Vehicles Technology, Equipment and Standards SAE J2735 Message Set SAE J2945/0 Minimum Performance Requirements 5.9 GHz DSRC Wireless IEEE 1609 Ethernet IEEE802.3 Connected Vehicle Infrastructure Equipment Road Side Unit (RSU) NTCIP 1202, 1211 Messages DSRC Roadside Unit (RSU) Specifications Document v4.1 (USDOT October 31, 2016)
Aware and Alert! Houston, TX, March 30, 2009 http://www.azfamily.com/news/local/police-car-ambulance-involved-in-wreck-onthe-way-to-crash-scene-83631687.html (William Howard/Getty Images)
DHS Proposals: EVAlert and EVAware Submitted in July 2017 Oral Presentation in August 2017 Notice of Selection in September 2017 But, no funding available.. September 23, 2017 10
EVAware V2V and V2I Road Side Unit (RSU) Extend the Range Urban Canyons Channel 184 Public Service Emergency On Board Unit (OBU) Emergency Vehicle Alert (SAE J2735) On Board Unit (OBU)
EVAlert V2V and V2I Road Side Unit (RSU) Extend the Range Urban Canyons Channel 184 Public Service Emergency Channel 172 Safety of Life On Board Unit (OBU) Emergency Vehicle Alert (SAE J2735) On Board Unit (OBU)
Basic Mobility Applications (not vehicle safety) What traffic signal applications could be built using BSM/MAP/SPaT data? Priority for Special Modes of Vehicles Emergency Vehicles, Transit, Trucks, Pedestrians Performance Observation Travel Time, Delay, Stop, Arrival on Red, Arrival on Green, Queue Length,.. By Movement (e.g. thru, left turn, right turn) By Mode (vehicles, transit, trucks, pedestrians, bicycles, ) Basic Traffic Control Phase Call, Phase Extend, Dilemma Zone Protection Adaptive Traffic Control Dynamic Phase Time (Green Allocation) Optimal Signal Timing September 23, 2017
Other v2i Applications School Zone Alert! Construction Zone Alert! Emergency Vehicle Alert! Intelligent Traffic Signal System Emergency Vehicle Alert! Incident Ahead Alert! University of Arizona 2016 14
Arizona Connected Vehicle Test Bed Anthem, AZ DSRC Installations: 11 Signalized Intersection 6 Freeway Interchanges 1 10 Freeway Locations 1 Approx. 25,000 Residents Approx. 10,000 Vehicles 1 2017 Expansion Project (ADOT) 15
Advantages of DSRC Dedicated Spectrum 75 MHz 10 MHz Channel for Public Service/Emergency 10 MHz Dedicated for Safety of Life 4 Service Channels FCC Registration Agency Registration of roadside units Vendor Registration of vehicle units Integrated into Vehicle Systems EV Lights and Siren System/Silent Running Commercial Vehicles (OEM) Standards/Interoperability Multiple Vendors and Multiple OEMs Key Component is Integrated Connected Vehicle System Safety Applications (e.g. V2V Safety, Work Zones) Mobility Applications (e.g. EV Signal Priority) No subscription fees No sharing communications media (e.g. Hurricane Rita Harris County, TX 2005) No Smartphone or tablet device (distracted drivers)
V2I Deployment Coalition: SPaT Challenge
The Impact of Connected Vehicles/MMITSS Portland NTIC MNDOT (RFP) UDOT (35) CDOT #SMARTCOLUMBUS (FSP) San Diego Port (FSP) MCDOT (19+11) ADOT (14) PAG/Tucson (10) THEA CV Pilot Project MMITSS Project Discussion/Plan MMITSS Project to Start 2017 MMITSS Project Active 18
Questions? Ideas? Suggestions? Larry Head University of Arizona Transportation Research Institute University of Arizona klhead@email.arizona.edu (520) 621-2264 September 23, 2017 19