Global Trends in Neuroscience Publishing Background and Developments Presented by: Paul Carton PhD, Senior Publisher Elsevier S&T Journals Date: July 2008 Presentation created by James Milne 2007 / 2008
Presentation About Elsevier Scientific Publishing General Background General Trends Trends from Japan Open Access issues Publishing ethics issues 2
ABOUT ELSEVIER
About Elsevier House of Elzevir founded 1580 Elsevier as publishing house established 1880 NOW 2600 journals 250,000 articles a year 8.8 million articles on ScienceDirect, going back to 1823 (The Lancet) 386 million downloads a year by 10 million users (over 1 billion downloads since launch) Galileo s Discorsi e Dimostrazioni Matematiche (1638) 4
Elsevier and Scientific Publishing All scientific research articles Elsevier by disciplines Blackwell Other Commercial Informa Wiley University Presses Other Environmental Science Earth Sciences Social Sciences Mathematics & Computer Science Life Sciences Springer Elsevier Physics Learned Societies Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Materials Science & Engineering 1.2 million English language research articles published globally each year 250,000+ English language research articles published with Elsevier every year 5
Elsevier and Scientific Publishing Mathemati cs & Computer Sci ences Social Sc i ences Envi r onmental Sci ences Ear th Sciences Physics Heal th Sci ence Other Li f e Sci ence Chemi str y & Chemi cal Engineer ing Bi ol ogi cal Sci ences Neur oscience Phar macology & Toxicology M ater i al s Sci ence & Engi neer i ng 6
Elsevier: Portfolio Overview Journals 2000+ journals, around 1400 listed in ISI Accessed by 10 million researchers globally All journals available on ScienceDirect Books 2200+ new titles published every year Imprints: Elsevier, Saunders, Mosby, Academic Press, Focal Press, 6000 books online via ScienceDirect, including 51 MRWs and 300+ book series Electronic products Scopus: >14,000 journals abstracted ScienceDirect: over 1 million downloads from India in 2007 EMBASE & MDConsult databases 7
SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHING
Why have Scientific Publishing? Communication of research results and discoveries between scientists Sounds straightforward 9
Why have Scientific Publishing? Certification - assuring quality and accuracy of published research (through peer review) Registration - attributing who conducted the research Dissemination - making the information available, worldwide Archiving - ensuring content available in perpetuity 10
Why have Scientific Publishing? Certification - assuring quality and accuracy of published research (through peer review) Registration - attributing who conducted the research Dissemination - making the information available, worldwide Archiving - ensuring content available in perpetuity Author Needs Reader Needs Research Scientists are both authors + readers of Information 11
Peer Review Typesetter / Printer Scientific community: Accepted manuscripts submission Publisher author proofs Published Journal Issues Library editor review referee reader Authors write Reviewers comment Editors decide Readers read 12
The Journal and the Scientific Community Publishing Professionals (often ex-scientists) Publishers Journal Editor-in-Chief Research Scientists Publishing Editors Handling Editors Advisory Editors Efficient Publication Commercial Operation Investment in Developments Independent & Impartial Scientific Assessment of Quality Leading Specialists in Field 13
STM Publishing Industry Overview (STM = Scientific, Technical & Medical) 14
TRENDS IN JOURNAL PUBLISHING
Current Trends - Journals Final migration from print to online Greater integration and depth of content Linking Backfiles (archival issues online) Further increase in usage Increased speed of publication Greater number of submissions Experiments with alternative publishing models Open Access / Author Pays (approx. 1% of papers) 16
Print to Online Benefits For researchers Remote, desktop access Fast search Interlinked articles efunctions, eg alerts 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 For librarians Easier collection management Usage data per journal Reduced storage space Staff efficiencies = print = print + electronic = eonly 17
ScienceDirect Articles Downloads 386 million downloads overall 1 million every day 35 million from neuroscience >1 every second 2,000,000 1,800,000 1,600,000 1,400,000 Full-text article downloads 1,200,000 1,000,000 800,000 All Neuroscience 600,000 400,000 200,000 0 Jan-07 Feb-07 Mar-07 Apr-07 May-07 Jun-07 Jul-07 Aug-07 Sep-07 Oct-07 Nov-07 Dec-07 18
Unique Users of ScienceDirect Example: Brain Research 60000 50000 40000 30000 20000 10000 0 J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S 2004 2005 2006 2007 19
2003 2005 Worldwide Articles Published 880000 830000 780000 730000 680000 630000 580000 530000 480000 430000 20 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 Year
TRENDS FROM JAPAN
Japan and Science Publishers Elsevier Elsevier Others Others Wiley- Blackwell Wiley- Blackwell Springer APS AIP ACS Springer Taylor-Francis Kluwer APS AIP ACS Kluwer Taylor-Francis Article Share (quantity) Citation Share (quality?) 22
Japan and Neuroscience Articles Articles Citations Other Wolter s Kluwer AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC Other OXFORD UNIV PRESS OXFORD UNIV PRESS AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC Holtzbr inck ELSEVIER Spr inger ELSEVIER Wolter s Kluwer Holtzbr inck SOC NEUROSCIENCE Spr inger SOC NEUROSCIENCE Wiley-Blackwell Wi l ey-bl ackwel l Article Share (quantity) Citation Share (quality) 23
Measuring Quality of Published Articles We consider relative impact (citations) per paper: If the world average for citations to neuroscience papers is 2.0 over a two year period And the average for Japanese authored neuroscience papers is 1.9 Then Japanese papers in neuroscience have a relative impact of 0.95 (i.e. slightly below the world average ) We can use this measure to look at trends: per country, per subject area, over time 24
Japan all fields of research 1.05 1 INTERNATIONAL AVERAGE = 1.0 0.95 0.9 0.85 0.8 0.75 25 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 Relative Impact (World Ave=1.0) 2001 2000 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Year
Japan individual subject areas Relative Impact of Fields within Japan 2002-2006 3.0 Better than International standard 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 INTERNATIONAL AVERAGE = 1.0 26 Immunology Molecular Biology & Genetics Space Science Biology & Biochemistry Neurosciences & Behavior Microbiology Clinical Medicine Chemistry Pharmacology Physics Geosciences Ecology/Environment Plant & Animal Science Materials Science Agricultural Sciences Psychology/Psychiatry Engineering Social Sciences general Mathematics Economics & Business Computer Science Education Lower than International standard Relative Impact
Comparing countries (2000 2006) 1.6 1.4 1.2 France (00 05) Germany (00 05) Field weighted relative impact 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 South Korea (00 05) World average impact across all fields Brazil (00 06) India (00-06) In04 In03 In01 In02 In00 In06 In05 Ch02 Ch00 Ch01 Russia (00 06) Ch03 Ch04 Ch05 Japan (00 06) Ch06 0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 60000 70000 80000 Papers per year China (00-06) 27
Articles Published by Elsevier 80,000 70,000 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 60,000 50,000 40,000 30,000 20,000 10,000 0 India Canada Spain Italy Germany France UK Japan China USA TOP 10 COUNTRIES 28
Articles Published by Elsevier 25,000 20,000 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 15,000 10,000 5,000 0 India Canada Spain Italy Germany France UK Japan China TOP 10 COUNTRIES (excluding USA) 29
Who are downloading scientific papers? Geographic split for Brain Research; Neuroscience Research; All Neuroscience journals Others 32% CHINA 10% FRANCE 3% GERMANY 2% INDIA 1% JAPAN 17% INDIA 1% GERMANY 3% JAPAN 8% FRANCE 3% Other 32% UNITED KINGDOM 6% UNITED STATES 28% Others 35% UNITED KINGDOM 7% CHINA 8% FRANCE 4% GERMANY 4% INDIA 1% JAPAN 7% CHINA 8% UNITED KINGDOM 9% UNITED STATES 39% UNITED STATES 32% 30
Japanese Research Neurosciences & Behaviour 5y [Relative] Citation Impact of Japanese articles in ISI Category Neurosciences & Behaviour vs. World average (1.0). Shows positive trend in recent years. 1.00 0.90 0.80 0.70 0.60 0.50 0.40 0.30 0.20 0.10 0.00 1995-1999 1996-2000 1997-2001 1998-2002 1999-2003 2000-2004 2001-2005 2002-2006 31
Summary Japan is #3 in World, in terms of number of papers published [7%]. Slight decline during last few years. Overall, the quality of research papers from Japan is steadily rising Biomedical sciences and Neurosciences are above international standard in terms of citations In Neuroscience, Japan is #2 or 3 in terms of accessing published articles 32
Thank you for your attention British Museum, Great Court with Reading Room Hammersmith Riverside, London Paul Carton PhD Senior Publisher S&T Life Science Journals Elsevier Ltd, London, UK p.carton@elsevier.com 33