WHAT IS NEXT IN EARTH OBSERVATION COSMO-SkyMed SkyMed Mission Paolo Ammendola Italian Space Agency Florence, Sept. 19, 2001 ammendola@asi asi.it
THE NEEDS Market studies indicate that the value of the Earth Observation data products will increase if they are as current as possible. The world-wide civil protection and resource managers are under an increasing pressure to achieve quicker and better decisions on a day-to-day basis in fields like monitoring and surveillance, risk management, hydrology, forestry, ecology and environmental management, agriculture, urban planning, etc. The market is demanding higher resolution, more frequent revisits and quicker-and-easier data and product ordering and delivery to the users (implying fast constellation re-planning, prompt data collection and processing capability, etc.). 2
Revisit time Application areas classified per revisit time and spatial resol. Year month Cartography (telecom, utilities) Cartography for final user Agriculture, Forestry, Marine/Coasta Coasta, Cartography (cadastral) Geology, Environmen t day hour Risk Management, Land use monitoring, Defence high medium low Spatial resolution
THE NEEDS The user need analysis has shown that generally the user requirements are not sufficiently met by the current satellite systems in operation or under development; in particular: Current satellites present some limitations with respect to the user requirements, because: it is not possible to acquire a sufficiently large and interpretable image in a single pass; response time and revisit time are not sufficiently adequate for many applications (especially for wide areas); the acquisition of images is often vanished by cloud cover. Absence of homogeneous and comparable multi-temporal data set, characterized by adequate spatial and spectral resolution suitable to perform analyses at different scales of detail. Earth observation satellite data are not directly available to the final users; these data have to be ordered through distributor companies, becoming sometimes available with long delays. 4
Mission Definition COSMO - SkyMed is an Italian Space Agency (ASI) program and is an end-to-end Earth Observation System dedicated to Earth remote sensing and data exploitation for Dual (military and civil) Use applications. Main mission objective is the provision of data, products and services relevant to the: MoD applications ; environmental monitoring, surveillance and risk management applications of institutional entities; environmental resources management, maritime management, earth topographic mapping, law enforcement, informative / science applications of other institutional, scientific and commercial users. 5
HOW COSMO-SKYMED SATISFIES THE MARKED DEMAND COSMO SkyMed has been conceived with the aim to establish a global supplying services and products suited to the market demand and final user requirements by a constellation of : 4 satellites with advanced SAR in X band; 3 satellites with Pancromatic Multispectral, Iperspectral and Thermal Infrared 6
HOW COSMO-SKYMED SATISFIES THE MARKED DEMAND The answer of COSMO-SkyMed SkyMed to market demand is characterized by the following baseline: Revisit frequency of few hours Metric resolution Spectral high resolution Night time sensing Rapid distribution of images Penetration of cloud Simultaneous stereo pairs Low cost equipment and images Complete service Imagery intelligence 7
Program heritage Space Technologies X-SAR System Project SAR-2000 The Italian platform "PRIMA HYPSEO Ground Technologies Space Geodesy Centre ASI-CGS X-SAR G.S. MCC (Mission Control Centre) I-PAF (X-SAR Ie II, SRTM, ERS, GOME,) I-PAC (ENVISAT) National pilot projects HW and SW development (including HPC) Scientific activities National Pilot Project X-SAR, SRTM Italian P.I. and C.O. ERS, ENVISAT Italian P.I. and C.O. Users Oriented National Pilot Projects ASI Company for the E.O. (E GEOS). Technological Transfer program E.O. Services COSMO-SkyMed SkyMed Space Segment Ground Segment Science Users 8
COSMO-SkyMed SkyMed Radar Component Key Events Schedule End of Phase B1 July 1998 Design and Bread boarding - Phase B2 1999 Critical technological development 1998/2001 Development and AIT - First sat. 2000/2003 Launch of the first satellite 2003 9
COSMO-SkyMed: System Description System Elements: A fully operational multi-satellite Earth observation constellation (satellites in SSO dawn-dusk orbit equipped with X band SAR and satellites in SSO near-noon orbit equipped with optical sensors) which may be delivered in orbit in a staggered way. A fully operational ground infrastructure. Deployment Strategy Reasonable performance level achieved as soon as the first SAR and Optical satellites are operative, improved by the successive launches to reach the nominal constellation performace OpticalSatellite (panchromatic camera and multispectral) SAR Satellite TT&C Station CCS Satellites Control Center SAR Satellite Data Receiving Stationi (X band) CPCM Mission Planning and Control Center CREDO Data Acquisition Archiving andprocessing Center Utenti 10
Constellation Observation Capabilities OBSERVATION CAPABILITIES SATISFY MILITARY NEEDS WHICH ARE MORE DEMANDING THAN THE INSTITUTIONAL SCIENTIFIC AND COMMERCIAL ONES 11
Index SAR satellite main performance data SAR Instrument Reference Modes Modes with one polarisation selectable among HH, VV, HV or VH: SPOTLIGHT resolution: order of the m spot area : tens of km2 HIMAGE (Stripmap) resolution: few meters swath width: several tens of km WIDEREGION (ScanSAR) resolution: few tens of meters swath width: hundreds of km HUGEREGION (ScanSAR) resolution: several tens of meters swath width: few hundreds of km Modes with two polarisation selectable among HH, VV, HV or VH: PING PONG (Stripmap) resolution: few meters - swath width: several tens of km 12
Optical Satellites Requirements Panchromatic and Multispectral HR satellite Sensor: push-broom type camera, which combines co-registered pan and multispectral channels Spectral Bands and spatial resolutions: 1: 0.44-0.71 µm (PAN) 0.7 m @ nadir 2: 0.45-0.52 µm (blue) 2.8 m @ nadir 3: 0.52-0.60 µm (green) 2.8 m @ nadir 4: 0.63-0.69 µm (red) 2.8 m @ nadir 5: 0.76-0.90 µm (NIR) 2.8 m @ nadir Swath : 20 Km Access Region : -/+ 45 (across-track) -/+ 30 (along-track) 13
Sensor: push broom type camera, which combines co-registered hyperspectral, TIR and panchromatic channels Spectral Bands and spatial resolutions: 1: 60 ch 0.4-1.0 µm (VNIR) 20 / 300 m 150 ch 1.0-2.5 µm (SWIR) 40 / 300 m 2: 2 ch 8-13 µm (TIR) 50 / 300 m 3: 1 ch 0.5-0.90 µm (PAN) 7 m Swath: 20 Km / 300 Km, 20 Km Access Region: -/+ 45 (across-track) -/+ 35 (along-track) Optical Satellites Requirements Hyperspectral satellite 14
Utilization Scenarios The COSMO SkyMed shall be an operative mission The system shall be able, on the basis of the various user requests and their priority, to build the best plan to accomplish the user needs. The originated products shall be delivered, normally, to the end-user via the COSMO - SkyMed Ground Segment. The data provision to the end user shall be based on data sensed both by COSMO satellites as well as from other system and shall be reliable and delivered with a pre-defined and well-known delivery time. Fast delivery products can be one or more images (compatible with the link data rate) with a limited quality (raw images) to be delivered as soon as possible to mobile stations co-located with the acquired site. The user shall receive the products in which they are interested as soon they are available in the system (Near Real Time). Nevertheless the system shall be tailored to accomplish user request related to already processed data (off-line products). 15
COSMO-SkyMed Ground Segment: conceptual schema TT&C stations (S-band) Military CREDO SAR images Military Users Requests SAR images Requests CCS + FDS Satellite Control Center CPCM Mission Planning and Control Center Processing and Archive Center CREDO X-band data reception station User Community 16
COSMO-SkyMed COSMO-SkyMed GS Architecture GS Architecture for dual national use SAR Space Segment S-band downlink S-band uplink X-band data downlink S-band TT&C station Satellite TC Satellite Telemetry Satellite Control Centre (CCS) X-band data downlink Military CREDO Data acquisition, archiving and processing centre Military Requests Status Mission Planning and Mission Control Planning Centre and Control (CPCM) Centre (CPCM) Global archive access Mission Plan List of Requests CREDO - Data acquisition, archiving and processing centre Requests SPOT, RADARSAT, ENVISAT, IKONOS,... Products Military User High Priority Requests Requests Products Requests Products (i.e., Civil Protection) Institutional User Commercial User 17
THE DUAL ITALIAN-FRENCH SYSTEM
THE ITALIAN- FRENCH AGREEMENT ON A JOINT DUAL SYSTEM (Radar and Optical) On Jan.29 2001 Italy and France have signed an agreement for the development of a Dual System composed of SAR and Optical end to end system. The Definition Phase has formally started in July 200l after the signature of an MOA between ASI and CNES. Partners in the Italian French cooperation are ASI, CNES the Italian and French MODs. Further nations are envisaged to join the system with different ways of cooperation. 19
THE ITALIAN- FRENCH AGREEMENT ON A JOINT DUAL SYSTEM (Radar and Optical) All the end to end SAR Component of COSMO SkyMed, already in C/D phase is part of this system and provided by ASI; All the end to end Optical Component(Pleiades System) will be provided by CNES; The overall I-F Dual system envisages the integration of both Components according to the Definition Phase development. The Overall I-F Dual System will we jointly planned and controlled. On this basis ASI and CNES are continuing the activities on COSMO- SkyMed (Radar Component) and Pleiades (Optical Component) inparallel and in the framework of the Definition Phase. 20
THE ITALIAN- FRENCH AGREEMENT ON A JOINT DUAL SYSTEM (Radar and Optical) THE RADAR COMPONENT OF THE DUAL I-F SYSTEM IS THE RADAR COMPONENT OF COSMO SKYMED FITTED TO THE DEFENSE NEEDS IN THE FRAME OF ONE SYSTEM. 21
HR Optical Component (2) Lateral accessibility and along track stereo Extension of the swath width thanks to colateral stripes even in crosstrack direction
Possible configuration for dual international use SAR Space Segment Optical Space Segment Other Satellites Military Satellite CCS + TTCS (SAR) SCC + TTCS (Optical) Mission Planning and Control (SAR) Mission Planning and Control (Optical) G/S G/S G/S G/S CPCM Integrated Order Handling System Civilian CREDO Italy Military CREDO Italy Civilian CREDO France Military Application Center France Users Users Users Users 23
THE OPTICAL ASI PROGRAMM ASI is bringing on and separately from the cooperation with France, the demostration Hyperspectral (HypSEO) mission. 24
HypSEO (HyperSpectral Earth Observer) is a demo mission in the framework of the COSMO/SkyMed program HypSEO is an Earth Observation mission based on an Hyperspectral sensor HypSEO is a low cost mission V utilization of MITA, Italian mini bus orbit sun synchronous, circular (97.8 ), H= 618 Km, 9.30 am revisit time : 5 days operational period 18-24 months 10 full resolution images per day Z X Y 25
the instrument : Electro-optical characteristics CAMERA Spectral Band Spect. Res. N channels S/N VNIR 400-1000 nm 10 (40) nm 60 200 SWIR 1000-2500 nm 10 (49) nm 150 100 PAN 500-900 nm NA 300 flexible spatial (20-80 m) and spectral (20-40 resolution Scanning technique : Pushbroom Swath width @619 Km 20 Km PAN Spatial Resolution. @619 Km 5 m. Hyper Spatial Resolution@ 619 Km 20m (80m) MTF tot.@ Nyquist freq. 0.2 F.o.R ±22 26