Research in Advanced Performance Technology and Educational Readiness Enhancing Human Performance with the Right Technology Ronald W. Tarr Program Director RAPTER-IST University of Central Florida 1
Mission Statement Our mission is to enhance human performance through the use of appropriate technologies and strategies. These technologies and strategies include: simulation, computer- and web-based training, decision support aids, workshops, and traditional methods. As human performance technologists we look at how people perform as individuals, in teams, and within organizations. A Global Approach to Human Performance: Systematic, Comprehensive, Efficient, Focused, & Outcome Oriented 2
As illustrated by the Advanced Performance Technology Model, this R&D process is NOT linear. Steps are revisited until success has been achieved. Advanced Performance Technology Model The focus is on Outcomes for the selected Audience using appropriate Technology in a Systematic Approach to Enhance Human Performance 4
Technology Transfer The simulation & learning Technology originally developed for the military can now be incorporated or transferred into solutions for other disciplines. Education Law Enforcement and Criminal Justice Department of Defense Business Transportation Medical Emergency Management 5
Research: Advanced Performance Technology (Simulation, Learning & Knowledge Management) for Commercial Driving Community Ronald W. Tarr Program Director, RAPT rtarr@ist.ucf.edu CATSS University of Central Florida
Enhancing Driver Performance via Simulation, Education/Training & Assessment/Certification CDL Operator Test Preparation Skills Enhancement and Professional Certification Customized Learning Programs (HazMat, Security, Dangerous Conditions, etc) Analysis, Studies & Visualizations (Trends, Best Practice, Distractions & MetaStudies) Performance Technology Transportation (Verification & Assessment) S&T Educational Awareness & Tutorials University of Central Florida Center for Advanced Transportation Systems Simulation
Virtual Check Ride System Commercial Driver Test & Training w/cbt & Simulators Knowledge Test on Computer Simulated Driving Skills Assessment After Action Review 8
Web-Based Safety Inspector Training and Certification Program The Web-Based Safety Inspector Training and Certification Program is a Webbased intervention that uses blended technologies to train and certify those involved in Commercial Motor Vehicle (CMV) inspection in the following areas: Identifying how the basic systems on a CMV work. Identifying CMV parts and their common failure points. Understanding and applying the federal regulations, their interpretations, and the North American Standard Out-of- Service Criteria during a Level I Inspection 9
This virtual approach offers a standardized, performance based assessment for verifying the ability of third-party testers to conduct a proper CDL test. 10
11
Federal Law Enforcement Driver Simulator Training The purpose of this research effort was to determine the most useful and cost-effective method for integrating the newly acquired L3-MPRI driving simulators into exisitng FLETC Driver Training. 12
Distracted Driving Study Project Overview 13 13
Distracted Driving Losing Focus Poses Great Risks Isn t it amazing the things people do while driving a moving vehicle? Eating, talking on the cell phone, tuning the radio, swatting at a bug, texting, and putting on makeup just to name a few. All of these activities cause accidents because they pull driver focus away from the road. At certain speeds, a split second distraction can result in a tragedy. 14
Distracted Driving Accidents Although some traffic accidents are caused by defective automobile parts, bad weather conditions, or poorly designed roads, most are caused when the driver loses focus puts his/her attention on something other than driving. The list of items on the next slide is based on reports filed by police who take statements from drivers who have been in accidents. 15
Distracted Driving Facts (reported in the US in 2009) 20 percent of injury crashes involved reports of distracted driving. (Source: NHTSA) 5,474 people were killed and an estimated 448,000 were injured due to distracted driving. (Source: FARS and GES) Of the 5,474 killed, 995 (18%) involved reports of a cell phone as a (Source: NHTSA) Drivers who use hand-held devices are four times as likely to get into crashes serious enough to injure themselves. (Source: Insurance Institute for Highway Safety) Cell phone use while driving delays a driver's reactions as much as having a blood alcohol concentration at the legal limit of.08 percent. (Source: University of Utah) Drivers under 20 years old have the highest proportion of distraction-related fatal crashes. (Source: NHTSA) 16
Distracted Driving Study Project Overview The Research in Advanced Performance Technology and Educational Readiness (RAPTER ) group at IST/UCF conducted an experiment to measure the effects of distracted driving on Commercial Motor Vehicle CMV drivers. The study was sponsored by the US Department of Transportation, Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA). 17
Distracted Driving Study Project Overview The project consisted of several major elements: Analyze existing research literature Design a unique study that measures the effects of distracted driving on safety Develop scenarios and simulation protocols to conduct experiments Implement experiment and collect data Evaluate data and submit final technical report Outreach results to enhance Public Awareness 18
Why was our study unique? Many previous studies have proven the dangers of driving while engaged in any other activity. With the advent of GPS systems, IPods and Cell phones, the potential for distractions and accidents has increased. Our study differed from these others in that: We used a L3 Mark III Truck Driving Simulator on a motion-based platform with 260 degree field-of-vision. 19
Why was our study unique? Many previous studies have proven the dangers of driving while engaged in any other activity. With the advent of GPS systems, IPods and Cell phones, the potential for distractions and accidents has increased. Our participants were Class A Our study differed from these others in that: Commercial Drivers License holders with at least 3 years of professional driving. 20
Why was our study unique? Many previous studies have proven the dangers of driving while engaged in any other activity. With the advent of GPS systems, IPods and Cell phones, the potential for distractions and accidents has increased. Our study differed from these others in that: We used an Electroencephalogram (EEG) machine to record brain waves during tasks conducted in a simulated drive. 21
Why was our study unique? Many previous studies have proven the dangers of driving while engaged in any other activity. With the advent of GPS systems, IPods and Cell phones, the potential for distractions and accidents has increased. Our study differed from these others in that: We used an Mp3 player in conjunction with cellular phones and an external distraction event. 22
Why was our study unique? Many previous studies have proven the dangers of driving while engaged in any other activity. With the advent of GPS systems, IPods and Cell phones, the potential for distractions and accidents has increased. Our study differed from these others in that: We video recorded three different angles of the participant: In-cab driver view, outside of cab and a top down view of the entire drive. 23
The Experiment The UCF team focused on 3 different categories of distraction: External events that happen outside the cab such as accidents or work zones Internal events that happen inside the cab such as cell phone or Mp3 use Cognitive questions to take your mind off what you are doing And all conducted in a realistic but controlled virtual environment 24
Scenario 1 No internal distractions No external distractions Scenario 2 Phone use only No external distractions Scenario 3 Mp3 use only No external distractions Scenario 4 Phone and Mp3 use No external distractions Scenario 5 No internal distractions External distractions presented Scenario 6 Phone use only External distractions presented Scenario 7 Mp3 use only External distractions presented Scenario 8 Phone and Mp3 use External distractions presented The Experiment Drivers had to go through 8 different scenarios. Some scenarios had no distractions, while others incorporated internal, external, and cognitive distractions individually or in combinations! These scenarios were presented in random order to each driver. 25
The Experiment Through the Simulators tracking capabilities, as well as through human observation, the UCF team collected data such as: Speed Lane Deviations Acceleration data Braking data Brain wave patterns using the EEG machine 26
The Results The use of a touchscreen device is 300% more distracting than driving with no distractions Engaging in multiple tasks while driving is 200-300% more distracting Swerving and reduced speed are the two most common distracted driving behaviors On average random braking is almost 200% greater where external distractions exist (work zones, etc.) The Message Disconnect2Drive!!!
Outreach and Awareness After the results of the study were obtained, the UCF team developed an outreach program to provide public awareness on the dangers of distracted driving. Outreach methods included: Brochures A UCF distracted driving video on Youtube Website http://disconnect2drive.com Briefings to truck companies, insurance companies and other stakeholders Public Service Announcements (PSAs) Journal/Magazine Articles 28
UCF s Distracted Driving Video
Contact Information A Global Approach to Human Performance Technology Needs, Audience, Technology, Context, Outcomes To learn more about RAPTER, please contact: Ronald W. Tarr Program Director, RAPTER-IST (407) 882-1391 rtarr@ist.ucf.edu