Are Asia-Pacific Advances in Higher Education & Research Sustainable? AIEC Conference Canberra 10 October 2013 Dr Christopher Tremewan, Secretary General, APRU Dr Erik Lithander, Pro Vice-Chancellor, ANU Outline A region on the rise? Sustaining the trajectory - continuing economic growth - partnering on solutions to challenges - realising network effects The systemic challenge www.aiec.idp.com 1
East Asian universities gain ground on US and UK THE ranking David Jobbins, 2 Oct 2013, University World News while universities in America and in London are holding their own, institutions in the UK s regions and in continental Europe are losing out to competitors from Asia and specifically from China, South Korea, Singapore and Japan. Rising Region - The Big Picture: Distribution of Research 2008-2012 World Source: Scopus via SciVal 2 www.aiec.idp.com 2
Trends in R&D Expenditures (GERD) Dotted lines indicate forecasted amounts Data Sources: OECD, IMF, UNESCO Trends in R&D Expenditures (GERD) Dotted lines indicate forecasted amounts Data Sources: OECD, IMF, UNESCO NB: Data prior to 2007 for Chile unavailable www.aiec.idp.com 3
Total Publication Output, by Region APAC CAGR 2004-2012 = 10.7% EU 27 CAGR 2004-2012 = 4.7% US CAGR 2004-2012 = 2.7% Data Source: Scopus via SciVal Analytics Data Portal APAC (Asia-Pacific) comprises: Australia, China, India, Japan, Malaysia, New Zealand, Singapore, and South Korea Trends in Total Publication Output Data Source: Scopus via SciVal 2 www.aiec.idp.com 4
Trends in Total Publication Output Data Source: Scopus via SciVal 2 Production of Star Articles Data Source: Scopus via SciVal 2 www.aiec.idp.com 5
Sustaining the Trajectory Three Conditions ADB Asia 2050 scenarios - Realizing the Asian Century 1: Economic Growth www.aiec.idp.com 6
If Growth with inclusion Entrepreneurship, innovation, tech l dvpt Massive urbanization Financial transformation Radical reduction in intensity of energy and natural resource use Climate change Leadership of high income dvpd economies i.e. institutional develpment as prior condition 2: Solutions to Challenges By 2030 a whole series of events come together : The world's population will rise from 6bn to 8bn (33%) Demand for food will increase by 50% Demand for water will increase by 30% Demand for energy will increase by 50% www.aiec.idp.com 7
Asia-Pacific 60% world s population (incl India) 54% global production 44% world trade 70% carbon emissions 5 major powers: China, India, Japan, Russia, USA 5 largest militaries + nuclear weapons significant tension points & non-traditional security issues 3 Pillars, 5 Disconnects Putting Higher Education to Work Skills & Research for Growth in East Asia World Bank 2012 3 Public Policy Pillars More efficient financing of higher education Better management of public institutions Exercising stewardship (steering) of HE systems 5 Disconnects Btwn institutions and employers skills needs Weak research & technology nexus btwn institutions and companies Separation btwn teaching and research Btwn institutions & with training providers Btwn tertiary and schools www.aiec.idp.com 8
The Role of Research Universities Critical role in national growth strategies Need for multi-disciplinary, flexible, timely responses to crises in non-linear, complex, adaptive systems Challenges to taking leadership role: strong research capability & focus international cooperation, embedded trust and knowledge internal organisation & resourcing institutional autonomy to respond partnership with business, govt, int l orgns, NGOs Overcoming the Creativity Trap From colonial training institutions to anti-colonial nation-building & identity formation And now to globally-connected, globally competitive engines of national growth via corporate competitiveness especially in STEM From state elite formation to corporate leadership to return on public investment emphasis on management and productivity in fundamental research www.aiec.idp.com 9
3: Realising Network Effects Driven by Collaboration www.apru.org www.aiec.idp.com 10
APRU Key Strategies Knowledge Action Networks global science related to local contexts and leadership (business, government, communities) in solving/mitigating/adapting to global challenges Priority project: identify strengths in key research fields identified and invest in collaboration Innovative growth through ed n cooperation Skills for global society role of mobility Innovative pedagogical systems Collaborative public policy for common goals Collaboration btwn APRU Institutions Edge width corresponds to number of co-authored articles between institutions. University pairings that have coauthored less than 100 articles (across all subject areas) between 2008-2012 are excluded. www.aiec.idp.com 11
Field Weighted Citation Impact Field Weighted Citation Impact (2007-2011) 10/15/2013 Publications and Field Weighted Citation Impact (FWCI) for University Consortia: 2007-2011 1.8 CIC (US) AAU (US) 1.6 1.4 U15 (Canada) Group of 8 (AU) U21 APRU 1.2 1 World =1 0.8 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 Publications Thousands The size of the circles relates to the number of citations received to date by articles published in the period 2007-2011 APRU s FWCI is 1.43; the Group of 8 aggregate FWCI is 1.48 Data Source: Scopus via SciVal Analytics, Manual Analysis Publications (2011) and Field Weighted 2 Citation Impact (2011) 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 Russia CIC U15 (Canada) U21 Group of 8 (AU) Singapore Korea APRU Japan AAU China United States World =1 0 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 Publications The size of the circles relates to the number of citations received to date by articles published in 2011 only. www.aiec.idp.com 12
Citations Per Paper 10/15/2013 Mapping Competencies Physics/Math Computer Science Social Science Chemistry Brain Research Engineering Heath Science Earth Science Medical Specialties Biology Infectious Disease Biotechnology 14 Returns on Collaboration: Citations per Paper of Different Types of Co-authorships 12 10 8 6 4 International National Single Institution Single Author 2 0 Australia New Zealand Australian National University University of Sydney Source: Scopus via SciVal 2 www.aiec.idp.com 13
Other Network Effects www.aiec.idp.com 14