Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Procedia Materials Science 11 (2015 ) 600 604 5th International Biennial Conference on Ultrafine Grained and Nanostructured Materials, UFGNSM15 Finishing of Nylon/Cotton Fabric with ZnO/TiO 2 Nanocomposite A. Meftahi a,*, F. salehi b, F. Yadegari a, S. Alibakhshi c, S. Vatandoost d, H. Mohammadi c a Department of Textile Engineering, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran b Department of Nanotechnology, Sharif University, Tehran, Iran c Department of Textile Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran d Department of Textile Engineering, Kar Higher Education Institute, Ghazvin, Iran Abstract Nylon/cotton (NYCO) fabric is one of the most applicable fabrics in producing clothes. Its appropriate properties such as high abrasion resistance and comfort caused to be used in labor cloths, uniform and dressing. Accordingly, in this research NYCO fabric finished with ZnO/ TiO2 to investigate the improvement of light and washing fastness. Meanwhile we try to expand the application of this fabric in other sections like hospital clothes by adding antibacterial property. Therefore, nano ZnO/TiO2 in different concentrations (30,40,50 & 60 ppm) was applied and cured to the fabric then handling, color appearance, light and washing fastness and antimicrobial properties were evaluated. SEM was used to assess the distribution of nanocomposite. The results represent considerable improvement in light and washing fastness. In addition there is no change in handling and color appearance. It is also indicated the highest antibacterial property against E.Coli and S. Aureus which was appeared at 60ppm. 2015 Published The Authors. by Elsevier Published Ltd. This by Elsevier is an open Ltd. access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of UFGNSM15. Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of UFGNSM15 Keywords: Nylon/cotton (NyCo) fabric; ZnO/TiO 2; Nanocomposite; antibacterial; light fastness; washing fastness. 1. Introduction Nylon/Cotton (NYCO) blended fabric has unique properties such as high abrasion resistance and good comfort which make it to be used for cloths with special application, Yang and Yang (2005), Malshe et al. (2012), Chen et al. (2014), Saleh et al. (2012). High strength, chemical and abrasion resistance and good thermal and mechanical * Corresponding author. Tel/Fax: +982188274351. E-mail address: amin_meftahi@yahoo.com 2211-8128 2015 Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of UFGNSM15 doi:10.1016/j.mspro.2015.11.088
A. Meftahi et al. / Procedia Materials Science 11 ( 2015 ) 600 604 601 properties, caused nylon fiber to be used in textile industry, Kim et al. (2001), Song et al. (2005), Hine et al. (2005). In addition cotton fiber with individual properties like softness, good water absorption, excellent dye ability, high compatibility and comfort has significant role in textile and cloth, Bao and Li (2012), Yu et al. (2005), Gorjanc et al. (2012), Mohsin et al. (2013). Therefore NYCO fabrics have a combination of appropriate properties and cover the disadvantages of each individual fiber. Accordingly, this research attempts to add the antibacterial property via ZnO/TiO 2 nanocomposite and improve light and washing fastness to develop the application of this fabric in medical textile field. 2. Materials & method Bleached Nylon/Cotton (50/50) blended fabric (Taffeta weave, 250 g/m2) was purchased from Yazdbaft Co. and Vat/disperse dye from Alvan Sabet Co. was used for dyeing the fabric. All samples were dried and treated with ZnO/TiO 2 nanocomposite which was supplied by Nano Fanavaran Hassun company, Ltd. E.coli (AATCC 11303) as a gram negative and S.aureus (AATCC 6538) as a gram positive bacteria were applied for antibacterial assessment. NYCO fabric was dyed with vat/disperse dye in a HT-Beam dyeing machine (AHIBA 1000) by liquid ratio of 1:10. In this method a piece of fabric (1 gr) is inserted into vessel of dyeing machine which is filled with water and suitable auxiliaries. List of auxiliaries is summarized in Table 1. Graph of dying process is shown in Fig.1. Table1. List of auxiliaries for dyeing process. Auxiliaries for disperse dyeing Acetic Acid Dispersing Agent (Alcoperse RJL) Ammonium sulfate Auxiliaries for vat dyeing Sodium Hydro sulfite Sodium Hydroxide 0.5 gr/lit 1 gr/lit 2 gr/lit 1 gr/lit 4cc Auxiliaries for vat dyeing Auxiliaries for disperse dyeing Fig. 1. Graph of dying process. In this method acetic acid, dispersing agent and ammonium sulfate are added to the dyeing bath at 50ºC and then the temperature is increased up to 130ºC, dyeing is continued for 60 minutes in this temperature. In next step, the temperature decreased up to 60ºC and Sodium Hydro sulfite and Sodium Hydroxide are added to the dyeing bath. Dyeing process is continued for 60 minutes. At the end of process samples must remain in dyeing bath without tension and then put them in a solution containing 1 L water, 4cc hydrogen peroxide and 1cc acetic acid for 1 minutes and then samples are rinsed and dried at room temperature. Dyed NYCO fabrics were immersed in 30, 40, 50 and 60 ppm solutions of ZnO/TiO2 nanocomposite. Treated fabrics were dried at 80 C for 3 min and then cured at 160 C for 3 min.
602 A. Meftahi et al. / Procedia Materials Science 11 ( 2015 ) 600 604 Antibacterial property of samples against S.areus and E.colai are evaluated by ASTM 100 method. Durability of treated samples against light and washing is examined by ISIRI 4084 and ISIRI 4350, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) (Philips XL30) was used to determine the morphology and surface of the NYCO fibers. 3. Result and discussion 3.1. Antibacterial property Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 represented the antibacterial activity of treated fabric. It is shown that by increasing amount of ZnO/TiO 2 nanocomposit, the antibacterial activity increased. According to the obtained result, 60 ppm ZnO/ TiO 2 nanocomposite has the lowest bacterial growth. S-Row S-1 S-2 S-3 S-4 Fig. 2. Comparing Antibacterial properties of (S-0) raw; treated samples with (S-1) 30; (S-2) 40; (S-3) 50; (S-4) 60 ppm ZnO/TiO 2 nanocomposite against S. areus.
A. Meftahi et al. / Procedia Materials Science 11 ( 2015 ) 600 604 603 E-Raw E-1 E-2 E-3 E-4 Fig. 3. Comparing Antibacterial properties of (E-0) raw; treated NYCO with (E-1)30; (E-2) 40; (E-3) 50; (E-4) 60 ppm ZnO/TiO 2 nanocomposite against E.coli. 3.2. SEM Figure 4 showed the surface of Untreated and treated NYCO. As it can be seen in Fig. 4b, the presence of ZnO/TiO 2 nanocomposite is clearly observed. (a) (b) Fig. 4. Comparing the surface of (a) untreated; (b) treated NYCO with ZnO/TiO 2 nanocomposite.
604 A. Meftahi et al. / Procedia Materials Science 11 ( 2015 ) 600 604 3.3. Light and washing fastness Table 2 represented the effect of treatment on light fastness. Untreated and treated specimens with ZnO/ TiO 2 nanocomposite are exposed to Xenon arc light for 72 hours. Obtained results indicated that treating samples with ZnO/TiO 2 nanocomposite has positive effect on light and washing fastness. Table 2. Comparing light and washing fastness of untreated and treated NYCO with different amount of ZnO/TiO2 nanocomposite. Amount of ZnO/TiO2 nanocomposite Light fastness Washing fastness (staining) Washing fastness Raw 4-5 4-5 4-5 Treated with 30ppm 5 5 5 Treated with 40ppm 5 5 5 Treated with 50ppm 5 5 5 Treated with 60ppm 5 5 5 (color change) Washing fastness of samples summarized in table2 and it shows that there is no negative effect on washing fastness of treated fabrics. 4. Conclusion Blend fabrics have significant role in textile and clothing industries. Among these kind of fabrics, NYCO fabric has unique properties like good abrasion resistance, dye ability and comfort which makes it as appropriate fabric for many application. Consequently improving the fabric properties has been done by applying ZnO/TiO2 nanocomposite. The obtained results represented that ZnO/TiO2 not only cuased high antibacterial property but also improve light and washing fastness. Reference Bao, L., Li, X., 2012. Towards textile energy storage from cotton T shirts. Advanced Materials 24(24), 3246-3252. Chen, Q., Yang, C. Q., Zhao, T., 2014. Heat release properties and flammability of the nylon/cotton blend fabric treated with a crosslinkable organophosphorus flame retardant system. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis 110, 205-212. Hine, P. J., Ward, I. M., 2006. Hot compaction of woven nylon 6, 6 multifilaments. Journal of applied polymer science 101(2), 991-997. Kim, Y. H., Sun, G., 2001. Durable antimicrobial finishing of nylon fabrics with acid dyes and a quaternary ammonium salt. Textile Research Journal 71(4), 318-323. Malshe, P., Mazloumpour, M., El-Shafei, A., Hauser, P., 2012. Functional military textile: plasma-induced graft polymerization of DADMAC for antimicrobial treatment on nylon-cotton blend fabric. Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing 32(4), 833-843. Mohsin, M., Rasheed, A., Farooq, A., Ashraf, M., Shah, A., 2013. Environment friendly finishing of sulphur, vat, direct and reactive dyed cotton fabric. Journal of Cleaner Production 53, 341-347. Saleh, S. M., El-Badry, K., 2012. Dyeing of Cotton/Nylon Blended Fabric to a Solid Shade in One Bath. Global Journal of Science Frontier Research 12(7-D). Song, P. S., Hwang, S., Sheu, B. C., 2005. Strength properties of nylon-and polypropylene-fiber-reinforced concretes. Cement and Concrete Research 35(8), 1546-1550. Yang, H., Yang, C. Q., 2005. Durable flame retardant finishing of the nylon/cotton blend fabric using a hydroxyl-functional organophosphorus oligomer. Polymer Degradation and Stability 88(3), 363-370. Yu, B., Wang, W. M., Cai, Z. S., 2014. Application of sodium oxalate in the dyeing of cotton fabric with reactive red 3BS. The Journal of The Textile Institute 105(3), 321-326.