Revolution Portfolio Humanities 8 Due Date: December 11 Alyssa Revolution Portfolio This portfolio is a collection of information related to the Industrial and Agricultural Revolution that has occurred in England. I will include visuals for each topic as well as captions to support it, and I will have terminology with its definition. I will be writing the main ideas and facts about each topic. Lastly, there will be Agricultural Revolution Terminology Definition Share Croppers People who worked in the manner and only got a percentage of the product Manner Place where the nobilities lived Nobility Royals Peasants Landless people who got a share of crops since they worked for nobilities Selective Breeding Two different traits from two different species were bred The Enclosure Movement The action of how the lands in England was separated and were completely controlled by its owner (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8u1hlqtohdi) This is a video that explains how crop rotation works. Crop rotation is a system that allows rotation within a particular land where crops grow. This means that the variety of crops keep on changing its position accordingly to
the soil s nutrients. If the nutrient in the particular spot is extremely low, crops such as clover can be planted to bring the nutrients back since it doesn t need much nutrients to grow. Before this system was found, farmers had to leave a part of land empty and wait until all the nutrients are back to grow his or her seeds. This has to do with agricultural revolution because this made the process of the crop growing faster and smoother. [Egyptian harvesting]. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://web.mesacc.edu/dept/d10/asb/ lifeways/hg_ag/tech-pg3a.jpeg This image is showing how in the ancient times people didn t use machines for farming. Many centuries later, this system continued, but stopped when the Agricultural Revolution has started. In England, there were Share Croppers, people who were usually poor and worked in the manner, who looked after crops and they only got a percentage out of it. Share Croppers were really popular during the Agricultural Revolution.
Abbey, norman and palace ball drawing [Illustration]. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://static.westminster-abbey.org/assets/thumbnail/0020/22592/ Abbey,-Norman--and--Palace---Ball-drawing-72.jpg This is a manner, a place where the nobilities lived, and the nobilities are the royals. There were many peasants and share croppers working in the manner since they were really poor. Peasants were landless people who got a small fraction of the manner crops since they worked for the nobilities. This had to do with the Agricultural Revolution because during this time, there were only two levels that the population of England fit in. The nobilities or rich, and the poor who needed to listen to the rich or nobilities.
Main Ideas and Supporting Details Below is a graphic that shows a small portion of the history s changes. Many years ago, people were either hunters or gatherers. They hunted animals and gathered all kinds of plants. Except, only food that was needed was hunted or gathered. The people had to move around the huge land for their food, and they never stayed in a place for a long time. After this system continued for a while, hunters and gatherers were tired of moving around to find food that was rare to get. These people decided to settle down in one place and they started growing food. Hunters and Gatherers People got tired of moving around to 6ind food that was not oftenly catched Settled down in one place Started growing food -When peasants worked in the manner they only got a proportion of crops from the nobilities. -The crops system was not fast since one space was always going to rest after the nutrients are gone (2 crops and 1 fallow) -Townshend s plan was to create a new system, Crop Rotation.
-Crop Rotation is where there are barley, turnip, clover, and wheat in the whole crop. The crops rotate around when the nutrients are going low and the crop that is going on the land with few nutrients is clover because it doesn t use much of nutrients. -After on, new machines were created to help farming become faster and easier. -To get more high quality meat from animals, they selected two different animals with different qualities and bred. -There were three classes in the group of peasants. The lower, middle, and the upper class. The upper class usually went near the rank of nobilities or went below to the middle class. -The peasants were really poor and upset about what they received. This made the upper class peasants demand the royalties to get them another system of ruling. -Since the upper class peasants were rich, and the royalties were demanded to create a new system of ruling, the English Parliament was invented. How did the agricultural revolution affect individuals, the community, and/or the world? The Agricultural Revolution gave opportunity to upper class peasants to have more time for them selves because they were relatively close to the rank of nobilities. This made more demand to the community of nobilities since they wanted a different system of ruling. The individuals were having much more variation of food and so their health has improved. Since the individuals improved their health and the upper class peasants had more time for them selves, the population of the community of England has increased. Factory Innovations and Labor Changes Term Image/Picture Definition
Loom An apparatus that makes fabric by weaving yarn or thread Spinning Wheel Oostdyk, R. (n.d.). Loomwork [Photograph]. Retrieved from http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/ 8d/Loomwork.jpg Equipment that takes fibers and turns them into thread or yarn one at a time Elderlyspinnera [Photograph]. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://upload.wikimedia.org/ wikipedia/commons/c/cd/elderlyspinnera.jpg
Spinning Jenny Equipment that takes fibers and turns them into several yarns or threads all at one time Spinning jenny [Photograph]. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://upload.wikimedia.org/ wikipedia/commons/8/87/spinning_jenny.jpg Wage The payment you get after a specific time of doing a work Minimum wages [Image]. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://freedomroad.org/ askasocialist/wpcontent/uploads/2012/02/minimum-wages.jpg
Trading Trading is when you exchange goods that have the same value Image001 [Illustration]. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.lagunajournal.com/ art_of_barter_files/image001.jpg Labor The work by human Labor union 7 [Image]. (n.d.). Retrieved from
http://static.ddmcdn.com/gif/ labor-union-7.jpg Entrepren eur Person who is willing to take a financial risk and set up a business Business people 28 [Photograph]. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.dictated.com/ wpcontent/uploads/2013/08/businesspeople28.jpg Slavery Slave ship 2 [Illustration]. (n.d.). Retrieved from The act of having slaves; Slaves are people who are forced to do what the people/per son controls her/him into doing
http://www.epacha.org/ siteimages/slave-ship-2.jpg http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b9ssn7w1va4 This video shows a collection of pictures of the factories and the laborers back in the late 1800s. The pictures are showing how there are many workers in factories. This shows labor and entrepreneur since there are human workers in the factory and the factories can be the symbol of entrepreneur because the rich people who were willing to put their money into this business that might fail or be a success were being an entrepreneur by taking a business risk. The relation to the topic is that the picture shows how workers are factory labors instead of works that were popular for the poor before the Industrial Revolution. Irinvention [Illustration]. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://media-3.web.britannica.com/eb-media/43/112143-050- A504F2FE.jpg
This drawing shows the textile industry with Spinning Jennies. This drawing shows labor and Spinning Jenny. Spinning Jenny is an equipment that turns fiber into yarn or thread and this is different from the Spinning Wheel because this creates more than one yarn/thread at once. The Spinning Wheel creates only one yarn/thread at once. Even though many labor was happening and the workers spent extremely long period of time in the factory, their wage was very low. Wage is the income of a person after a specific task was accomplished. This has relation with factory innovations and labors because the textile industry was really popular and innovations such as the Spinning Jenny was created to speed up the process of textile, and labors in the factories used these innovations to create their product. Trade Asia 1500-1800 header [Illustration]. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.vam.ac.uk/ data/assets/image/0007/172258/trade_asia_ 1500-1800_header.jpg This drawing represents trading between Asia and England in 1500s to 1800s. Trading is an exchange of items with the same value. Since England became successful in textile industry, many countries came to trade for textile. Even though there were benefits of textile industry, slavery became more known. Slavery is the act of having people forced into doing something that the master wants. Slaves were sent to the United States to work with cotton so England can use it for thread/yarn making.
Support and Main Ideas about this topic (Facts etc.): -Entrepreneurs risked their chance and bought or made factories to create a business -Laborers weren t just adults but many were kids -Laborers often got diseases since there was less amount of time spent in the daylight - To expand factory system even further slaves were sent to United States to take care of cotton -England became very polluted since they burned coal to heat up water that produced steam and steam was used to spin the turbine to create electricity for the machines -Many different countries went to England to learn more about the factories and machines -Government took the percentage of what entrepreneurs earned. This made many people angry and so a law called laissez-faire was invented to make the government stay out of their business. How did the development of the factory system affect individuals, the community, and/or the world? The development of the factory system affected individuals because the wage that rich people received made them even wealthier except for the poor, the wage wasn t enough for them. The amount of time poor spent in the factories made many become sick since there were limited amount of sunlight in their daily basis. The factory system affected the community because this system created groups, the masters, the middle class, and the laborers. The factory system affected the world because the variety of products was traded overseas and so the world overall was wealthier since the products that were traded often time was sold and profited. Vocabulary Transportation Definition
Waterways Steam locomotive Canals Waterways are routes for water transportations. Steam locomotives are vehicle that pulls the train and is powered by the source of steam. Canals are artificial waterways. Coal Railroad Coals are dark colored rock containing carbon and found underground. Railroads are steel tracks where trains run. Road Roads are ways that takes a vehicle or human to the destination. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zhl5dcizj5c This video is about the industrial revolution and this talks about transportation as well. As John Green mentions, England had a great advantage and that was coal. Coals are dark colored rock containing carbon and are found underground. These substituted wood, and heated water. When the water was heated, steam was released. Then this steam went through a machine where the steam turned the turbine and created energy. This energy was used in transportation vehicles.
Panama canal gatun locks opening [Photograph]. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/71/ Panama_Canal_Gatun_Locks_opening.jpg This is a photograph of a lock in the Panama Canal. This has to do with transportation because waterways, canals, and locks were used to be the route for steamboats and ships to go on. Since in one place the water might be higher than the other place, locks are used to lock in the boat/ship and put water into the enclosed section. When the water is matching with the high water place, then the boat/ship is ready to move on. A canal is human-made waterways for transportation.
Train [Illustration]. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.industrialrevolutionresearch.com/images/train.jpg This illustration shows a steam locomotive on a railroad. This steam train is probably located in the station and the railroads are the faintly shown lines behind a cart of coal or merchandise. This was a type of transportation back then during the industrial revolution because it was a very efficient, safe, and fast way to get to the destination compared to walking or horse-riding. Steam locomotives are vehicles that pull the trains in the back. These vehicles are powered by the source of steam and that is possible because of coal. There was fire on coal, and the heat from it was boiling water. The vapor or steam went into a container where steam changes into energy. Railroads are the two steel tracks that trains and locomotives run on. This means that trains and locomotives didn t control the route, but the route is already chosen for it. Support and Main Ideas about this topic (Facts etc.): -Steam engines were first created to save coal miners from dying of flood. -Steam engines were used in boats, trains, and machines. -Coal was used in steam engines. -Steps to operating a steam engine broadly. First, coal was set on fire, and the heat from it boiled water. The steam from the water went into a turbine where it spun and made energy/electricity.
-Thomas Newcomen invented a steam engine that pumps out water from the mines so flood wouldn t cause deaths because the water will be turned into steam. -Then James Watt improved the Newcomen steam engine and introduced horsepower to the world. -Horsepower for steam ships means that the speed of the vessel is equivalent to the speed of the horses. For example a steam ship can be 20 horsepower because it is equivalent to the speed of 20 horses. - Since steam created energy, transportations based on steam were becoming popular in the industrial revolution. - Steam requires coal and coal produces carbon, which is a toxic element. Pollution was a huge issue in England during the industrial revolution due to the pollution from the coal. -There were steam engines, steam locomotives, steam ships, steamboats, steam cars, and steam trains. - Steam ships were used to carry heavy items and when they became popular the canals became wider and wider. How did transportation affect individuals, the community, and/or the world? The transportation revolution has affected the individuals by giving more options to get to one place from another. Also faster and more efficient transport of cargo helped people get their goods safely. Besides, transportations that travel in longer distance made trading even bigger in England. So, this caused individuals to earn more money by owning more rare objects from overseas, but there were less jobs for the poor since less labor was needed to operate the transportation and transportation substituted human labor of bringing the items from one place to the other. This affected the community since it made England overall rich because of the profit they were making in the trading business overseas done by the transportation. The world-developed transportation after learning from England and so this made the whole world become even richer due to the profit from the trading done
overseas but also the whole world were able to go to places more often such as for a vacation. Vocabulary Abuse Child Labor Reform Child Labor Definition Treat someone or some living with cruelty or harm. Children as workers usually illegally. To change something. Cotton mill [Photograph]. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/ellis-island/cotton-mill.jpg This picture shows child labor probably in England s factory. Child labor is the employment of children, or having children to work. This had to do with industrial revolution because during the era, children were treated the same as the adult workers because people believed that children should do work. The rich children had the privilege to do more things than the poor.
1900HineMinerChildrenPA [Photograph]. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://jcruz.webs.ull.es/textos1/grafismo/1900hineminerchildrenpa.jpg This is a picture showing a factory where the older people are supervising the child labor. Probably the children were abused if they made a mistake or were slow, because the supervisor carries a stick that might be used for the abuse. Abuse is when you treat someone or some living with cruelty or harm. This is related to child labor since older people abused poor children to work faster. Such as a slap or hit on the little kids. Another example is slavery, since innocent people have been physically abused and forced to go to another country to work for unknown stranger.
94145170 [Photograph]. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.dosomething.org/files/ styles/content_main/public/pictures/actionguide/94145170.jpg?itok=jf0vfyt b This is a picture of a gavel. Judges uses a gavel when he/she needs to get attention from everyone in the court. This has to do with Child Labor since it is a symbol of law and while child labor in the industrial revolution was occurring, some English Parliament began to reform the normal act of abusing child for labor. Reform, is to change something and the English Parliament wanted to change the normal thoughts of abusing child for labor. Support and Main Ideas about this topic (Facts etc.): -Since poor families needed more money, they made their children work as well. -Back then, education was a priority and so teens were basically considered as adults and the poor children and teens were being used as labors. -Many laborers got disease because of the lack of sunlight or vitamin D. This meant that many children as well as adult has gotten skin disease or other types of disease. -The salary that child laborers have received is really small.
-In the 1830 s the English Parliament looked at the Child Labor abuse and decided to create a law to eliminate this act. -The laws made the children receive more salary, work less, and eliminated dangerous jobs. -Except, the amount of child labor kept on rising. How did child labor affect individuals, the community, and/or the world? Child labor affected the individuals by killing many children because of the bad environment where they had to work. On the other hand, it affected the rich in probably a good way since they had more workers and so they were able to get faster results, which led to profit. This labor affected the community by having more death from the bad health diets that the children had. Lastly, child labor has affected the world because it has given products fasters and so the trading amongst countries was huge during the time. Vocabulary Government Law Policy Bureau Government and Social Issues Definition A group that makes policy for a specific place or specific country. A rule that is enforced by governments and if broken there is a penalty. A plan of action followed by individuals or a group. Division of government.
Lassezfairre [Image]. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.publicfinance4sa.info/ lassezfairre.jpg This image above is an opinion about the policy, laissez-faire. A policy is a plan of action followed by individuals or a group. The laissez-faire was a plan followed by entrepreneurs to make government stay out of their business. This has happened because before this policy was made, the government took a percentage of the entrepreneurs profit. Many disagreed that the government should make profit from the loss of theirs. That is why the policy laissez-faire was made and followed. The government responded to this policy and followed the policy as well. Government is a group of people who make laws and policies for a country.
Hine, L. (n.d.). Bibb Mill No. 1, Macon, GA, [Photograph]. Retrieved from http://www.ourdocuments.gov/document_data/document_images/doc_059 b_big.jpg Above is a photograph of children possibly under the age of 10 working in a textile factory. This is an example of child labor. This has to do with England s government since they have made a law declaring that England should use children as workers. Law is a rule that is enforced by governments and if you break a law, you will be punished. Governments decided that children are one of the best labors because they had cheap salaries and also they worked for a long time. Dynamite in Mining Edited [Photograph]. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://alfrednobel.info/pictures/dynamite%20in%20mining%20edited.jpg The photograph above shows the use of dynamite during the industrial revolution for the mining. This is related to the government because mining was a dangerous job back then and in the late 1700s, explosives were used. This led to many accidents caused by explosions. When many accidents of mining accumulated, the government of England decided to make a move to
prevent further accidents. The bureau of mines was organized. The bureau of mines is a government group that takes care of mining. Support and Main Ideas about this topic (Facts etc.): -Before the industrial revolution, many workers had less time for themselves. Except, during the industrial revolution more workers had time for themselves. Even though they did, the master of the female workers did not let them have a boyfriend or fall in love. This is because if the female workers marry, they ll get babies and they will not be able to work. -Later, machines didn t need much labor and so more poor people had time to socialize. This led many young women to marry at an early age, and this increased England s population. -Government passed the law for the enclosure movement where the poor people had to get out of the land so more crops could be harvested. -Government controlled the road system and so sometimes they made profit by making people pay when they pass a road. -Government worked with the church because back then everyone believed in what their religious priest has said. The government modified humans by using the priest. -Government controlled militaries. How did various government and social issues affect individuals, the community, and/or the world? Government and socials issues affected the individuals by letting poor people have more socializing time and that helped the population of the community increase since many young women married at an early age. The law of child labor affected many children to get diseases because of lack of vitamins or nutrients. Government made the individuals and the community controlled because of what they told the priest to tell them. England s government affected the world because their laws inspired many other countries, especially the neighbouring countries, to use the same policies. Second Industrial Revolution
Vocabulary Gasoline Definition Gasoline is an oil fuel that is used to power combustion engines. Electricity A form of energy when you charge all of the particle Steel Type of iron. steel mill adolf menzel industrial revolution [Illustration]. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://goldratefortoday.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/ steel-mill-adolf-menzel-industrial-revolution.jpg The illustration above shows the steel production during the Second Industrial Revolution. Steel is a type of iron that was really popular during the Second Industrial Revolution because it didn t require much labor so the factory owner didn t need to pay as much, and it was cheap to make it. Also, steel was great for railroads, ships, and skyscrapers.
edison [Photograph]. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://blogs.nicholas.duke.edu/ thegreengrok/files/2012/07/edison.jpg Above is a photograph of Thomas Edison and his innovation, the incandescent light bulb. The incandescent light bulb works by using electricity. Electricity is a form of energy when all particles are charged. During the Second Industrial Revolution, electricity was greatly used for new innovations.
neftdfjsdflk [Photograph]. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://azerbaijans.com/uploads/ neftdfjsdflk.jpg Above is a photograph of a tower that probably is sucking up petroleum from the bottom of the Earth s crust. Gasoline is made out of petroleum and gasoline is a type of oil that is used to power combustion engines. During the Second Industrial Revolution, gasoline was used for combustion engines for many types of innovations such as cars. -Support and Main Ideas about this topic (Facts etc.): -From around 1850 the Second Industrial Revolution began. -The first Industrial Revolution was focusing on textile industry and coal. The Second Industrial Revolution focused on steel, oil, and electricity. -Refrigeration was sustained longer so that trading or transporting the object to the other place would be fine. -Production of steel was less expensive and steel is strong enough for railroads, ships, and skyscrapers that time. -Production became faster. -Rudolf Diesel made an oil-burning machine to be known by the society. Oilburning machine was used for motorcycles.
-Bicycles became extremely popular and were one of the most used transportation vehicle. -Combustion engines were using gasoline. Combustion engines were put into one of the first cars ever made in England. How did the Second Industrial Revolution affect individuals, the community, and/or the world? The Second Industrial Revolution has affected the individuals because the pollution from the vehicles and the making of oil/gasoline has affected the health of some people since the air became more polluted. It has affected the community because the making of the transportation vehicle became really known by the world and so the business of the transportation was becoming rich. The world bought and innovated the vehicles and the use of gasoline. We now have new and improved design of transportations using the same fuel, gasoline, except electricity-powered cars are also used. The discovery of the gasoline and oil has affected our daily lives to have more pollution but also to have faster deliveries and faster transportation of human and objects. Innovations and changes impact individuals, community, and the world. This is because new inventions make individuals, community, and the world s life easier. For example the car made many people s lives easier to get to their jobs quicker instead of waking up earlier to walk for a really long time. Except, many innovations have a bad side of it and affect the world s environment. For example, the car will pollute and make the air worse. All innovations and changes makes the individuals, community, and the world to either have more money, less money if the innovation has failed, better health, worse health, or an easier and more relaxed life. The Industrial Revolution and the Agricultural Revolution overall led the current world to be like this, with many transportations, labor in factories, electricity-powered items, government, and improved farming.