UNIT 4: Textiles and Fabric # Assignment Pts. Possible 1 Natural Fibers 20 2 Synthetic Fibers 30 3 Fabric Construction and Weaves 15 4 Knits, Non-Wovens and Fabric Finishes 15 5 Textile Experiments 20 Total 100 Pts. Received Unit Calendar Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday B-Day 9 Natural Fibers B-Day 1 1 Synthetic Fibers B-Day 13 Fabric Construction B-Day 17 Textile Experiments B-Day 19 Unit 4 Test PACKET & PORTFOLIO DUE
Fiber Textile Terms Twisting or laying together fibers to form a continuous strand Fabric The ability to withstand pulling and twisting Shrinkage The ability to hold up to repeated usage Absorbency The ability to spring back when crushed or wrinkled Elasticity The ability to withstand rubbing Luster
Fiber Sample Natural Fibers Major Characteristics/ History Advantages Disadvantages Cotton Linen Silk Wool
Fiber Sample Synthetic Fibers Major Characteristics/ History Advantages Disadvantages Rayon Acetate Nylon Polyester Acrylic Spandex
Fabric Construction Weaves Weaving: Interlacing or more yarns at angles Terms Warp: Weft/Filling: Plain Weave Twill Weave Satin Weave Characteristics Characteristics Characteristics Sample Sample Sample
Knits Knits Characteristics Sample Yarns are together Loose Knit Tight Knit Non-Wovens Non Wovens Characteristics Sample Material that is made without or. The Felting Process: Best fibers to use for felting are: Solution Dyeing Fabric Finishes Dye is added to yarn before they are woven or knitted into fabric Fabrics dyed after being woven or knitted Printing
Textiles Properties Lab 1. Heat setting Procedure: Wrap two lengths of thread (one each nylon and cotton) around the dowel or pencil. Secure the ends with tape. Expose the dowel to the heating unit for 1 minute, keeping the dowel about 3" from the heat source. Let the dowel cool for 10 seconds and carefully remove the threads. Record your observations. Procedure 2: Wet the samples with water and record any changes that may occur. Fiber Heated, dry Heated, wetted after Cotton Nylon 2.Tenacity Procedure: Break a dry yarn of each fiber type. Record your observations (was it easy, moderate, or difficult to break, etc.). Then wet a second yarn of each fiber type and break the wet sample. Record your observations. Fiber Dry Wet Cotton Rayon Nylon 3. Resiliency Procedure: If needed press swatches flat. Allow swatches to cool. Then compress each swatch in the palm of your hand for 15 seconds. Record the appearance of each swatch in the table below. Flax Wool Acetate Polyester 4. Abrasion Resistance Procedure: Hold each swatch securely around your index finger with your thumb. Lightly rub with sandpaper 15 times in a circular motion. Keep the pressure consistent between swatches. Report your results in the table below using the following rating system: High - little or no evidence of wear Medium- some evidence of wear, color loss, fuzzies or pilling, etc., Low- shows wear, holes, yarn slippage, etc. Explain why you chose the specific rating for each swatch. Silk Cotton Wool Polyester
5. Absorbency Items needed: water, oil, fabric swatches of cotton, polyester, wool, and silk Procedure: Lay all 4 swatches on two layers of paper towels. Drop one drop of water on one end of each fabric swatch. Record what happened, noting how quickly the water is absorbed and how wet each fabric feels. Repeat with one drop of oil on the opposite end of each fabric swatch. Record your results, noting how quickly the oil is absorbed and how wet/oily each fabric feels. Reaction Cotton Polyester Wool Silk to Water to Oil 6. Fiber Burn Test Fibers can be identified through the smell of the smoke it gives off in the burning, and the ash or melted bead that remains after it has burned. For the following mystery fabrics, determine the fiber by checking the burn identification page with the reaction to flame, odor, and residue. Mystery FIBER Fiber 1 Fiber 2 Fiber 3 Fiber 4 Fiber 5 Fiber 6 Fiber 7 Fiber 8 Fiber 9 Does it burn or melt? Odor Residue (ash, bead, etc.) Mystery Fiber Conclusion Fiber 10