T.Suneel, nd r. SN Gnesh / nterntionl Journl of New Tehnologies in Siene nd Engineering ol., ssue. 4, e. 4, SSN 349-78 Performne nvestigtion of SEP sed ynmi oltge Restorer T. SUNEEL ssistnt Professor eprtment of Eletril & Eletronis Engineering,.R.Siddhrth Engineering ollege, ijywd, Krishn (t),.p, ndi. strt- This pper fouses on performne nlysis of Single Ended Primry ndutive onverter (SEP) fed ynmi oltge Restorer (R) in distriution system. SEP onverter n e operted in uk-oost mode. The ddition of SEP onverter redues the urden on solr. Modeling of solr nd SEP onverter is presented in this pper. R is modeled with SEP to mitigte sgs nd swells in distriution system for different lods. ustom power devie, ynmi oltge Restorer (R) onneted in series with gol to protet the lods from soure side voltge disturnes. The performne of R is studied under different fult onditions. The projet is rried out y MTL/Simulink softwre. The results vlidte the effetiveness of the proposed iruit. Keywords ynmi voltge restorer (R), Solr, SEP, Sg, swell.ntrouton Most modern lods re sensitive to voltge disturnes. The power qulity prolems my our either on soure side or lod side. Lod side prolems re ssoited with hnge in urrent; shunt ompenstion is the etter hoie. Soure side prolems re ssoited with hnge in voltge, series ompenstion is etter hoie. The devition of voltge, urrent or frequeny n e desried s power qulity prolems. However, voltge sg/swell, fliker, hrmoni distortion, impulse trnsients nd interruptions re the vrious power qulity prolems ddressed in the distriution system. Of the ove power qulity prolems, voltge sg/swell disturne poses series thret to the industries. t n our more frequently thn ny other power qulity phenomenon [-3]. oltge sg is defined y the EEE 59 s the derese in the RMS voltge level to %-9% of nominl, t the power frequeny for durtion of hlf to one minute. oltge swell is defined y EEE 59 s the r. SN Gnesh Professor eprtment of Eletril & Eletronis Engineering, Sri. Sivni ollege of Engineering, hilkplem, Srikkulm (t),.p, ndi. inrese in the RMS voltge level to %-8% of nominl, t the power frequeny for durtion of hlf yles to one minute [4].oltge flututions, often in the form of voltge sgs/swells, n use severe proess disruptions nd result in sustntil eonomi loss. mong reently developed ustom power devies, the dynmi voltge restorer (R) for pplition in distriution systems is gining eptne. R omprises of voltge soure onverter, d energy soure, injetion trnsformer nd filter. energy hs to supply required power so s to injet missing voltge. f missing voltge is high, then high rting pitor is required inresing ost of the R. Single Ended Primry ndutive onverter (SEP) is ukoost onverter whih n e used to redue the urden on the pitor. SEP onverter is dvntgeous over uk-oost onverter; the output voltge is in phse with input wheres Ourrene of three phse fult uses voltge dropped eqully in ll the three phses. Fult is to e lered s erly s possile, otherwise s in interonneted power system network lod side fult my e refleted s soure side fult for nother existing lod. ue to sudden swithing of extr lods eyond the soure power rting uses voltge sg, sudden removl of existing lods uses voltge swell in the interonneted power system network. rrespetive of the uses of ourrene of voltge disturnes, R hs to protet the ritil lods y mintining the lod voltge t its desired level. ue to swithing On nd Off of single phse lods of different power rtings uses unlne etween the three phses.r hs to ompenste unlned sgs/swells lso.. SNGLE ENE PRMRY NUTOR ONERTER ville online @ www.ijntse.om
S g T.Suneel, nd r. SN Gnesh / nterntionl Journl of New Tehnologies in Siene nd Engineering ol., ssue. 4, e. 4, SSN 349-78 t is onverter whih n onverts the voltge from one level to nother level tht mens output voltge n e step-up or step-down y vrying the uty yle of the ontrolled swith. SEP onverter hs n dvntge like low omponent stresses, low energy storge requirements, ompt in size nd the effiieny lso high ompred to uk-oost onverter. Fig. represents the iruit digrm of the SEP onverter. oltge Soure L T ermintor m Mosfet Fig.: iruit digrm of the SEP onverter esign of SEP onverter ) uty yle onsidertion: For this onverter whih is operted in ontinuous ondution mode uty yle t the in(min) mx in min nd uty yle t the in (mx) min ) ndutor Seletion: For determining the indutne it hs to llow the pek to pek ripple urrent tht is pproximtely 4% of the mximum input urrent t the input voltge. The ripple urrent in the two indutors re, The indutor vlue is lulted y, Here, f is swithing frequeny= khz sw The pek urrent in the indutor is given y, 4% L ( pek ) * ) MOSFET Seletion: in mx L. 84.33 L in * 4 % * * 4 %. 8 in,(min) L L L L * mx * f sw iode 5.69 mh 4 % L ( pek ) * *. 67 R For the seletion of MOSFET, minimum threshold voltge th (min), the on resistne R ds(on), gte drin hrge Q gd nd the mximum drin to soure voltge ds (mx). sed on the gte drive voltge we use logi level or sulogi level threshold MOSFET nd the pek swith voltge is equl to in + out. The pek swith urrent is given y, Q( pek ) L( pek ) L ( pek ) 3. 68 The RMS urrent is, ( ) * ( ) Q ( rms ) *. 7 d) iode Seletion: The pek urrent nd the reverse voltge should e mnged nd ontrolled y the diode. n SEP, the diode pek urrent is equl to the swith pek urrent Q (pek) nd for the minimum pek reverse voltge the diode must e withstnd i.e., R in(mx) out(mx) 8 The verge diode urrent is equl to the output urrent. The output urrent is multiplied y the forwrd voltge drop of the diode nd it is equl to the power dissiption of the diode. n order to get higher effiieny Shottky diodes re used. e) pitor seletion: This pitor is lso lled s SEP oupling pitor nd it is dependent on the RMS urrent. ( rms ) * 47. SEP is muh suited to lower power pplitions where the RMS urrent through the pitor is reltively smll. The pek to pek ripple voltge on is, * mx 53. 84 * f SW Here, the pitor produes smll ripple voltge when it rehes to RMS urrent. f) Output pitor Seletion: n SEP opertion, when MOSFET is ON there is no supply to the lod through the in, L nd euse diode is in reverse ised ondition. So, the output pitor will deliver the required power to the lod. The output pitor hs to withstnd to lrge ripple urrents. The RMS urrent in is, ( rms ) * 47. 4 in (min) ville online @ www.ijntse.om 3
s - + T.Suneel, nd r. SN Gnesh / nterntionl Journl of New Tehnologies in Siene nd Engineering ol., ssue. 4, e. 4, SSN 349-78. MOELLNG OF R The performne of the R with proposed ontroller is evluted using MTL/SMULNK pltform. The proposed R is onneted t the lod side of the distriution system. P rry P rry o ntinu ous po we rgu i Sope7 num(s) den(s) SEP. Gin S ope N S N n od e (pu) Sin_ os isrete 3-phse PLL Three-Phse Pr ogr mmle oltge Sour e + - Three-Phse Progrmmle oltge Soure n od e g sin_o s d q no de + + + + + + is rete PWM Genertor sin _os Pu lses dq U re f Gin Unit ely z P Q Sope5 3-phse nstntneous tiv e & Retiv e Power dq si n_os Gin3 G in P Q Sope6 3-phse nstntneous tiv e & Retiv e Power PQ S ope3 Sope4 3-phse nstntneous tive & Retive Power Fig 3.. Simultion iruit of ynmi oltge Restorer with onverter. SMULTON RESULTS se : oltge sg due to lned fult Ourrene of three phse fult uses voltge dropped eqully in ll the three phses. sudden three phse to ground fult generted in the system results in derese in voltge. The ove prolem n e voided y using lod side ompenstion of R. Figure 3. shows the three phse voltge of soure; R injeted nd lod respetively, during three phse fult without ompenstion nd with ompenstion. For simpliity it is rried out in PU system. orresponding tive nd retive powers t soure nd lod end re shown in figure 3.3 &. oltge in pu oltge in pu oltge in pu Power (W) Soure oltge -...3.4.5 Lod oltge -...3.4.5 R injeted oltge.5 -.5...3.4.5 Power (W) 5 5 Fig 3... ) Soure voltge, ) lod voltges. ) ompensting voltge Soure Power...3.4.5.5.5 x 4 Lod Power...3.4.5 Fig 3.3) tive nd Retive power t soure )tive nd Retive power t lod. se : oltge swell due to dditionl lod ue to sudden removl of existing indutive lods eyond the soure power rting uses voltge swell, or sudden swithing on of pitive lod uses voltge swell s shown in the following figure 3.4. orresponding ompensting nd lod voltge re shown in figures 3.4 &. orresponding tive nd retive power without nd with R re shown in figure 3.5 &. ville online @ www.ijntse.om 4
T.Suneel, nd r. SN Gnesh / nterntionl Journl of New Tehnologies in Siene nd Engineering ol., ssue. 4, e. 4, SSN 349-78 oltge in pu oltge in pu oltge in pu Pow er (W ) P ow er (W ) - -.5 Soure oltge...3.4.5 Lod oltge...3.4.5 R injeted oltge -.5...3.4.5 x 4 Fig 3.4. ) Soure voltge, ) lod voltges. ) ompensting voltge Soure Power...3.4.5 x 4 Lod Power...3.4.5 Fig 3.5: tive & Retive power t soure Fig 3.5: tive & Retive power t lod se : SEP nd R operted with fult t soure side n this model seprte fult is pled t the soure side y using 3-phse fult element with some resistive lod long with 3-phse trnsformer insted of pling fult in 3-phse progrmmle soure. Here, the fult is pled t the simultion time of.3 to.4 seonds. The elow figure 3.6 represents the output voltge in pu of the system with seprte fult resistive lod model in Mtl simulink. n this model the severity of the fult t the other lod is fllen on the soure side of the system. y this sudden fult some sg will our in the soure side of the system nd this sg is ompensted y the R. n this figures 3.6 &,.3pu sg ours in the soure side nd this missing voltge is given y the R. oltge in p u oltge in pu oltge in pu Soure oltge -.5..5..5.3.35.4.45.5 -. -. Lod oltge.5..5..5.3.35.4.45.5 R injeted oltge.5..5..5.3.35.4.45.5 Fig 3.6 ) Soure voltge, ) lod voltges ) ompensting voltge The tive nd retive powers t soure nd lod end re shown in figures 3.7 &. s shown, R is le mintin tive nd retive power sme nd onstnt even there is disturne t the soure side.. P o w er (W ) P o w er (W ) 3 x 7 5 Soure Power -.5..5..5.3.35.4.45.5 5 Lod Power.5..5..5.3.35.4.45.5 Fig 3.7: tive & Retive power t soure Fig 3.7: tive & Retive power t lod se : SEP nd R with motor lod: The simultion iruit omprises of system with 3-phse progrmmle voltge soure with n. voltge of 44, 5Hz. Here, synhronous mhine is pled s lod repling with the resistive lod. Here, the fult is pled in the 3-phse progrmmle soure with time period of.3 to.4 in the totl ville online @ www.ijntse.om 5
T.Suneel, nd r. SN Gnesh / nterntionl Journl of New Tehnologies in Siene nd Engineering ol., ssue. 4, e. 4, SSN 349-78 simultion time (.5). The soure, lod nd ompensting voltges re shown in figures 3.8,&. oltge in pu oltge in pu oltge in pu Soure oltge -...3.4.5 Lod oltge -...3.4.5 R injeted oltge.5 -.5...3.4.5 Fig 3.8 ) Soure voltge, ) lod voltges ) ompensting voltge. ONLUSON R is n effetive ustom power devie, ompenstes voltge sgs/swells in the distriution system. The lod voltge is to e mintined onstnt, nothing ut t its desired vlue y mens of using the priniple opertion of R. R long with SEP onverter ompenstes sgs/swells effetively. SEP onverter is operted in oost mode in order to redue the urden on the d pitor. Modeling of the SEP onverter is riefly desried. rrespetive of the uses of ourrene of voltge disturnes, R ompenstes sgs/swells. X. REFERENES [] oltge Sg/Swell ompenstion Using Z-soure nverter R sed on FUZZY ontroller M. lmurugn T.S. Sivkumrn M.ishwriy evi, 978--4673-536-5/3, 3 EEE. [5] hellli enhi, rhim Ferdi voltge qulity improvement using R Eletril power qulity nd utiliztion, journl vol. X, No., 8. [6] F.. L. Jowder, esign nd nlysis of dynmi voltge restorer for deep voltge sg nd hrmoni ompenstion, ET Gener. Trnsm isti., 9, vol. 3, ss. 6, pp. 547-56. [7] Woodley N. H., Morgn. L., Sundrm., Experiene with n inverter sed dynmi voltge restorer, EEE Trns. Power eliv., 999, 4, (3), pp. 549-557. [8]. E. Thenmozhi,. Gopinth, R. Rmesh, Novel Method For oltge Sg/Swell ompenstion Using ynmi oltge Restorer,EEE Trns., 978-8-994--3,Mrh. [9] G. K. Singh,. K. Singh nd R. Mitr, simple fuzzy logi sed roust ive power filter for hrmonis minimiztion under rndom lod vrition EPSR, Elsevier Pul, ol. 77, 8, pp., Yr-7 [] S. K. Jin, P. grwl nd H.O. Gupt, Fuzzy logi ontrolled shunt tive filter for power qulity improvement, EEE proeedings of EPS., vol. 49, no.7, pp. 37-38,. [] S. Torzd, E. dei, M.. Klntri Z soure nverter sed dynmi voltge restorer st Power eleronis & rive systems & Tehnologies onferene EEE Zhe hen, Senior memer, EEE, Josep M. Guerrero, senior memer, EEE, nd Frede ljerg, Fellow, EEE review of the stte of the rt of power eletronis for wind turines EEE trns on power eletronis, vol.4,no. 8, ugust 9, pp. 859-875. [] P.. Loh,. M. ilthgmuw, Y. s. Li, G. T. hu, nd Y. Li, voltge sg ompenstion with Z Soure inverter sed dynmi voltge restorer, in industril pplition, volume-5, Otoer 6. [3] T. Jimihi, H. Fujit, nd H. kgi, esign nd experimenttion of dynmi voltge restorer ple of signifintly reduing n energy storge element, in onf. Reord ndustry pplitions onferene, 4 th S nnul Meeting. 5. [4]. Justus Ri & R. rumugm Hrmonis study & omprison of ZS with trditionl inverters EEE ndustril Eleronis Soiety onferene. [5] F. Z. Peng, Z-soure nverter, EEE Trns. ndustry pplitions,ol. 39,pp. 54-5,3. [6] M. Go, S. He, self dpting fuzzy P ontrol of vrile universe in the non liner system, 8 nterntionl onferene on ntelligent omputtion Tehnology. [7]. Ferdi,. enhi, S. i, R. ehini dptive P ontrol of ynmi oltge Restorer Using Fuzzy Logi, Journl of Eletril Engineering: Theory nd pplition., vol. -/ ss.3 [] Hingeroni, N.G, ndroduing ustom power, EEE Spetrum, 995,, pp. 4-48. [3] N. H. Woodley, L. Morgn, nd. Sundrm, Experiene with n inverter-sed dynmi voltge restorer, EEE Trns. Power delivery,vol. 4, pp. 8-86, July 999. [4] Mth H. J. ollen, Understnding Power Qulity Prolems. volume in the EEE Press Series On Power Engineering,. ville online @ www.ijntse.om 6