HISTORY 304 REVIEW PACKAGE CHAPTER 2 THE EMERGENCE OF A SOCIETY IN NEW FRANCE [Circa 1534-1760] Prepared by C. Drakpuls
Theme: THE EMERGENCE OF EUROPEAN COLONIAL EMPIRES Frm the late 15th century, Eurpean states began explring new lands. What were the reasns fr explratin? Cmmercial: gld/riches, new trade rute t the Orient Plitical: land, pwer & prestige Religius: cnversin t Christianity Eurpean states began funding COLONIES in the territries they explred. There were TWO types f clnies: TRADING COLONY: SETTLEMENT COLONY: * Explitatin f a single resurce * diversified ecnmy * Only purpse = enrich mther cuntry * dev t similar t mther cuntry * sparsely ppulated * very ppulated * chartered cmpany in charge * gverned by with mnply privileges administratrs respnsible t the King What is MERCANTILISM? - an ecnmic plicy practiced by Eurpean kings [revlves arund the accumulatin f gld] What is the purpse f mercantilism? - t enrich the mther cuntry What are the TWO rles f the clny in mercantilism? - t supply raw materials t the mther cuntry - t purchase finished gds frm the mther cuntry Prepared by C. Drakpuls 2
What effect did mercantilism have n New France? the fur trade remained the main activity develping the fur trade became mre imprtant than settlement this meant a small ppulatin fr New France Theme: THE FIRST FRENCH PEOPLE IN NORTH AMERICA What was the significance f each f Jacques Cartier s vyages? 1 st VOYAGE : 1534 Purpse? find a rute t Asia find gld & riches claim land fr France Result? explres Gulf f St. Lawrence & claims Gaspe n riches, n rute t Asia makes cntact with natives 2 ND VOYAGE : 1535 Purpse? cntinue t search fr rute t Asia Result? he mapped and named the St. Lawrence river he spent the winter at Stadacnna & Hchelaga many men die f scurvy 3 RD VOYAGE : 1541-42 Purpse? set up a clny find riches cnvert natives t Christianity Result? settlement fails returns with quartz and irn pyrites Prepared by C. Drakpuls 3
Theme: THE FUR TRADE Hw did Abriginals cme int cntact with the Eurpeans? Eurpean fishers went ashre t dry the cd befre transprting it t Eurpe. Abriginals wuld trade fur fr varius bjects. Until 1663, France granted chartered cmpanies [like the Cmpany f 100 Assciates] a fur MONOPOLY [exclusive trading rights]. In exchange, they were t ppulate the clny. What were the territrial & military cnsequences f the fur trade? French made alliances with the natives [Hurns & Algnquians] Military cnfrntatins between the French & English [als the Irquis] Expansin f New France s territry Very small ppulatin Theme: THE EMERGENCE OF A SOCIETY At first, New France was a trading clny devted t the fur trade. This changed with the funding f permanent settlements in: ACADIA in 1604 [by Pierre du Gua de Mnts] QUEBEC in 1608 [by Samuel de Champlain] *** TROIS-RIVIERES in 1634 [by Sieur de Lavilette] VILLE-MARIE in 1642 [by Paul Chmedey de Maisnneuve] *** What were the rles f the church? T versee the life f the French clnists RELIGIOUS Rles : evangelizatin f abriginals running f parishes/churches/missins SOCIAL Rles : educatin, hspitals, charities Prepared by C. Drakpuls 4
What is the SEIGNEURIAL SYSTEM? a system f land divisin used by the French. What is the purpse f the seigneurial system? t encurage settlement t prmte the distributin f land in an rganized way What are the characteristics f the seigneurial system? lng narrw strips f land, perpendicular t the river a series f rights and duties between: SEIGNEUR [the landlrd wner f the seigneurie] grants land builds rads builds mills hlds curt CENSITAIRE [the tenant farmer] pay annual rent [called the cens] prvide a certain amunt f free labur t the seigneur [called the crvee] clear the land Theme: THE ROYAL GOVERNMENT WHY was Ryal Gvernment established? King Luis XIV felt the chartered cmpanies were nt fulfilling their bligatins. He decides t take direct cntrl f the clny. Hw was the Ryal Gvernment structured? Prepared by C. Drakpuls 5
This was NOT a demcratic system as the peple had n say JEAN TALON was hired as intendant f New France frm 1665-68 & 1670-72. He increased the ppulatin f New France. Hw? IMMIGRATION POLICIES: les filles du ri [they were given a dwry] sldiers [Carignan-Salieres Regiment] engages [hired wrkers] BIRTH RATE POLICIES: bnuses t large families bachelrs penalized fathers fined if children nt married allwances fr families with ten r mre children He als imprved the ecnmy f New France by: Prepared by C. Drakpuls 6
A] diversifying it: tanneries breweries ship-building crafts [weaving] B] implementing TRIANGULAR TRADE: Theme: THE SOCIAL STRUCTURE OF NEW FRANCE There were THREE main scial grups in New France: Nbility Clergy Third Estate Prepared by C. Drakpuls 7
Theme: WARS BETWEEN FRANCE AND GREAT BRITAIN Between 1689 and 1760, France and Great Britain clashed many times in Nrth America. Why? t increase their pwer in Eurpe t dminate the fur trade t expand their territries Over this perid, there were FOUR interclnial wars: 1st: the War f the League f Augsburg [1689-1697] ended with the Treaty f Rijswijk [des nt lead t any majr change] 2nd: the War f the Spanish Successin [1701-1713] *** ended with the Treaty f Utrecht [France cedes part f Acadia, Hudsn Bay and Newfundland] 3rd: the War f the Austrian Successin [1744-1748] ended with the Treaty f Aix-La-Chapelle [it reestablished pre-war brders] 4th: the Seven Years War [1756-1763] AKA: WAR OF THE CONQUEST *** Frm this time nwards, New France was under British dminatin Why did the French lse the Cnquest? - SMALL ppulatin [82 000 French vs. 1.6 millin English] - had t defend a LARGE, sparsely ppulated territry - ecnmy t RELIANT n furs lacked diversity - LACK f supprt frm mther-cuntry [France] - BRITISH NAVY strnger/larger than French Prepared by C. Drakpuls 8