Lecture 1 Introduction into the Subject
Brief History of Electromagnetics: The Early Stages ancient Greeks and Chinese aware of quite a few electric and magnetic phenomena (evidence points back to 600 BC) people were far from understanding what is going on https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i KLi88gFBDg Charles-Augustin de Coulomb (~1785) proves experimentally inverse-square law of electrostatics then people figured out there is a relation between electricity and magnetism Hans Christian Ørsted or Oersted (1820) discovers the relation between current carrying wire and magnetic field André Ampère (1775-1836) discovers the force between two currentcarrying wires and Jean-Baptiste Biot (1774-1862) and Félix Savart (1791-1841) formulate the law of the force between current elements LECTURE 1 slide 2
Brief History of Electromagnetics: The Dawn of Elec. Eng. Alessandro Volta (~1800) investigates reactions between dissimilar metals and develops the first electric battery Robert J. van de Graaff (~1929) develops the electrostatic generator Georg Simon Ohm (~1827) formulates the law that relates the voltage and the current in a conductor Ohm s law William Sturgeon (~1824) invents the electromagnet (the coil) as means of generating magnetic field with electric currents Joseph Henry (~1831) invents the DC motor and introduces the term inductance to describe the performance of coils Nikola Tesla (~1888) invents the AC motor and designs the first AC power distribution network LECTURE 1 slide 3
Electromagnetism: Toward Telecommunications Michael Faraday (~1831) discovers that time-changing magnetic field produces electric field (magnetic induction); constructs the first working prototypes of the transformer and the dynamo. James Clerk Maxwell (~1873) formulates the mathematical model of electromagnetism ( A Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism ). LECTURE 1 slide 4
Electromagnetism: Toward Telecommunications, cont. Heinrich Rudolph Hertz (~1886) demonstrates the first wireless link. In his memoirs on electrodynamics, he replaces all potentials by field strengths, and deduces Ohm s, Kirchhoff s and Coulomb s laws from Maxwell s equations. Guglielmo Marconi (~1901) sends signals over large distances. He achieves the first transatlantic transmission at distances of about 3,500 km. Marconi Co. starts the marine wireless communication network. LECTURE 1 slide 5
Applications of Electrostatics copiers (xerography) batteries and battery chargers semiconductor device control air cleaners electro-painting ionizing plasma (e.g., fluorescent lights) electrostatic separation of ores, garbage, etc. charged-coupled device (CCD) cameras ink-jet printers electrophoresis (separation of charged colloidal particles used in medicine and biology) electrostatic motors cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) cosmetics: electrolysis and many more LECTURE 1 slide 6
Applications of Magnetism compasses magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) electromagnets: switches, industrial transport, etc. maglev trains loudspeakers clasps wireless phone chargers any other suggestions? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6yhnoxqkmpy LECTURE 1 slide 7
Applications of Electromagnetism: Wired and Optical wired and semiconductor technology cable communications (TV, data, telephony) digital and analog microelectronics power generation, power grids, power supply, power electronics electro-mechanical devices (motors, dynamos, relays, actuators, MEMS) photonics and optics lighting, LEDs optical fibers, laser technology photonic and infrared imaging and surveillance LECTURE 1 slide 8
Applications of Electromagnetism: Wireless Public and personal services radio and TV broadcasting cordless telephony cellular (mobile) telephony and data transfer wireless LANs (local area network) and bluetooth data transfer satellite communications (telephony, data, TV) global navigation/positioning systems (GPS) Special services radars microwave relay links satellite systems (military/intelligence) radio astronomy biomedical engineering (imaging and treatment) military communications, guidance, surveillance, RCVs, etc. LECTURE 1 slide 9
Applications of Electromagnetic Science: CAA and CAD electromagnetic simulators in R&D high-frequency electroimagnetic simulators electro/magneto-static simulators electro-mechanical simulators electromagnetic/thermal simulators LECTURE 1 slide 10
Applications of Electromagnetism: CAA and CAD windscreen antenna design [EMSS, FEKO] LECTURE 1 slide 11
Applications of Electromagnetism: CAA and CAD air-borne antenna [Ansoft HFSS] SAR distribution in human head [CST Microwave Studio] LECTURE 1 slide 12
Tech Brief: LED Lighting [Ulaby&Ravaioli, Fundamentals of Applied Electromagnetics] (a) incandescent (b) fluorescent (c) light-emitting diode (LED) What is incandescence? What is fluorescence? LECTURE 1 slide 13
Tech Brief: LED Lighting 2 What is an LED? [Ulaby&Ravaioli, Fundamentals of Applied Electromagnetics] LECTURE 1 slide 14
Tech Brief: LED Lighting 3 [Ulaby&Ravaioli, Fundamentals of Applied Electromagnetics] LECTURE 1 slide 15