Warm-up Need Note Books Sit where you want. List 4 tools used by modern man. What effect does each have on humanity?
Objectives and Terms for today How specific tools Helped early human survival Methods of passing down history Terms Neolithic Revolution, Bronze age, Culture, Archeology, Anthropology Benefits of irrigation systems.
The Peopling of the World Prehistory 2500 BCE Chapter 1 World History 1 Mr. Pawlowski 2010 2011
Discovering Prehistory Prehistory: Period before written history Prehistory Periods (Three-Age System): Stone Age Paleolithic Old Stone Age Neolithic New Stone Age Bronze Age Iron Age (onset of written evidence varies by culture) Essential tools to understanding this period: Archaeology- study of human activity Paleontology study of ancient life Anthropology- study of humankind Geology- study of earth Primary Source: First-hand, eyewitness account (most accurate) Artifacts, Human Remains, Written Records Secondary Source: Second-hand source of information (less accurate) Encyclopedia/Textbook, Articles that interpret primary sources
Archaeology Study of past societies through an analysis of what they left behind. Artifacts: Tools and Weapons Art and Sculpture Pottery Jewelry Human Remains Buildings & Monuments
Paleontology Study of the evolution and interaction of prehistoric life and environments Fossil: Carbon Dating: Used to date organic fossils All living things possess a radioactive isotope called Carbon 14 (absorbed from the sun) Carbon 14 has a half-life of 5000 years Measuring the amount of Carbon left allows scientists to date fossils
Anthropology Study of human life and culture Basic Concerns: What defines homo sapiens? Who are the ancestors of homo sapiens? How do humans behave? Geology Study of the history and composition of the physical matter that constitutes Earth
Notes What is Paleontology? What is Anthropology? What is Archeology? How do these scientists know the age of remains?
Hominid Discovery Hominid: Humans and other creatures that walk upright on two feet. Donald Johanson: 1974 ( Lucy ): Complete skeleton of an adult female hominid Mary Leakey: 1978: Found footprints that dates walking human ancestors to 3,600,000 years ago
Humans Evolve Valley (Eastern Africa) Homo Erectus: 1.6 million 30,000 BCE Upright Man Developed technology Hominid Firsts: to migrate from Africa» India, China, SE Asia, Europe to use fire to develop a spoken language Homo-Sapiens: Wise Men Species of modern men
Paleolithic Age Old Stone Age Paleo : old Lithic : stone Nomadic Clans: Groups of 20-30 that wandered from place to place in search of food Hunter-gatherers: Men hunted and women gathered Adaptations: Fire: Used to keep warm and cook food Oral Language: Allowed for cooperation (ex: hunting) Tools: Allowed for increase in food production (ex: spear, digging stick) Cave Paintings: Depict life, identify animals, communicate information, religious practices Sympathetic Magic
Notes What is the Paleolithic age? Describe the people in this time frame? (how did they live? How did they adapt?)
Neolithic Revolution New Stone Age Neo : New Agricultural Revolution: Provided a stable food source Systematic Agriculture Ushered in the Neolithic Age Slash-and-Burn Farming: Burned trees/grass to clear a field and provide fertilizer for the soil (ash) Jarmo: Oldest known agricultural community Animal Domestication: Tamed horses, dogs, goats and pigs Innovations: more sophisticated tools developed weaving created pottery Food storage
Notes What is the Neolithic age? How did the people adapt? What is the main difference between the Neolithic and Paleolithic age?
Villages into Cities Innovations: Irrigation: Consistent water source for crops led to food surplus Craftsmen: Food surplus allows villagers to develop other skills Ex: potters, weavers, jewelers, metal workers, traders Wheel/Sail: Benefited trade (barter system), movement and communication Social Changes: Class Systems Develop: Groups of different wealth, power and influence Religion: Become more organized and traditional
Think Pair Share Neolithic Revolution Think: What is a revolution Think: What was the Neolithic Revolution Think: What kinds of a revolution if any, has happened in the last 15 years? Compare Neolithic vs. Today- How did they both change society
Civilization 1. Advanced Cities: 2. Complex Institutions: 3. Record Keeping: Cuneiform (Sumer): 1 st system of writing 4. Specialized Workers: 5. Advanced Technology:
Culture
Site where the Ice Man Otzi--was discovered in September 1991. Voices from the Past
Recovery