CR 33 SENSOR NETWORK INTEGRATION OF GPS Presented by : Zay Yar Tun 3786 Ong Kong Huei 31891 Our Supervisor : Professor Chris Rizos Our Assessor : INTRODUCTION As the technology advances, different applications associate with Global Positioning System (GPS) would be developed to accomplish the need of using this technology in various areas. Using GPS, we are able to determine the location of the mobile sensors, which are used to collect interested data of particular area under study. OBJECTIVES To integrate the sensor network with GPS technology for the data analysis of the particular area under study. To design the sensor board with GPS receiver to develop the sensor network integration of GPS. Able to collect the data and the location of the sensor which are used in the area under study for data analysis. To apply the project on extraction of data from far distance sensor and determination of sensors location for GPS application. MOTIVATION FOR THE PROJECT Application of GPS Technology to monitor the traffic intensity and soil Impacts in a Forest Harvest Operation. Published by Emily A. Carter, Timothy P.McDonald and John L. Torbert in 1999 Area under study for the harvest traffic intensities. The evaluation of GPS technology to monitor trafficking patterns and intensities. Measurement of the response of select soil physical properties to trafficking. Correlation of soil changes to harvest traffic intensities. CONCEPTS OF THE PROJECT CONCEPTS OF THE PROJECT To determine the location To collect the data from sensor To transmit/receive the data in RF CR 19 Sensor network Integration of GPS GPS technology Crossbow smart sensor technology RF communication CR 19 Sensor network Integration of GPS To do data analysis for area under study Applications 1
GPS Technology User Segment GPS receiver User community What is GPS? Used of GPS receiver Global Positioning System A network of satellites that continuously transmit coded information, which makes possible to precisely identify locations on earth by measuring distance from the satellites. - Navigation GPS Satellite - Positioning - Other research Using four satellite To compute position in three dimension (X,Y,Z) and time (T). GPS Nominal Constellation CROSSBOW Smart Sensor Technology Smart Sensor Network Wireless sensor platform Mesh Network system Automated data Star Hybrid Star Mesh Edge Node: typically battery powered collection and Coordinator Node: typically wired powered monitoring system Our Thesis Project layout Thesis Part A Challenges Our thesis is divided into two sections Thesis Part A & B Understanding the sensor network (Crossbow). Thesis Part A: Understanding the GPS technology and Wireless communication (RF). Research on the sensor network and GPS for certain application (collecting the data and Developing the idea of the sensor network integration with GPS. location). Research on the components for the compatibility to use to develop the project. Research on the components for the project. Planning for the Project layout for the thesis Developing the components layout for the thesis Part B. Part B. 2
Sensor Network In wireless communication, extraction of data from far distance sensor is inefficient due to power consumption. Node 3 Node 4 Sensor Network integration of GPS Collecting the sensor data and the location Transmit to the node1 Base node Node 1 D Distance D is the length can be achieved. * In this we can extract the data from far distance as far as D [dependent on the range of transceiver]. Base node Node 1 Collecting all the data from Node 1 Using the sensor data and location, do the data analysis for area under study. Collecting the sensor data and the location from node 1 Collecting the sensor data and the location at Transmit to the base node RF Communication Using RF transceiver d2 d1 Sensor Network Integration of GPS Node 2 of Data Sensor & location network Base node Node 1 Node 1 transmit the data in the X-frequency to Base node Base node received the data in X-frequency. transmit the data in the Y-frequency to Base node Node 1 received the data in Y-frequency. Node 1&2 1of Sensor Data & location network Using Dual Band RF transceiver d1 is dependent on the transmittion range of transceiver d2 is dependent on the transmittion range of Node 1 transceiver Base node Sensor Network Integration of GPS D Area under study Possible movements Base Node Node 1 Results of Sensor Network Integration of GPS Able to extract data from the far distance node Less power consumption - Sending data from Node only when there is new data is taken after the previous and new location at the same time. Able to apply in the Farming, Mining and Traffic etc.. - Collecting the environmental data - Analysis of data and the location where they are collected 3
Hardware Block Diagram Hardware Description of Node Base Node Each Node GPS Receiver Base Node OR Other Node RF Transceiver RF Transceiver Micro controller Sensor RS 232 RS232 serial port Micro Controller ADC RS232 serial port Radio Waves GPS receiver Battery Analog I/O Port RS 232 Digital Signal Sensor (LDR) Modem Transceiver -- Same as Base Node Hardware for Developing The Project Hardware Review for developing Base Node and Node 1 & 2. Description Component Distributor Microcontroller RF Transceiver RS232 communication module Sensor (LDR) Battery PIC18F872 RF MAX 222 Microchip Farnell Farnell Farnell Farnell Operating frequency : 25 MHz Microcontroller Memory : 128 Kbytes of Flash Memory : 1 Kbytes of Data EEPROM : 3 Kbytes of RAM 2 serial communication ports : Half-duplex synchronous mode : Full-duplex asynchronous mode 16-channel/1 bit Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) 9 I/O ports capable of analog input RF Transceiver FM Radio Transmitter & Receiver. Incorporated Intelligent Modem. Interfaced to micro-controller through RS 232. Data Rates to 2 K baud. 2 Selectable RF Channels: - 433.92 MHz & 434.44 MHz Optimal Range 2m. Supply Voltage 3-5V. Operates from 2 to +85C RS 232 Communication Module RS232 connection to PC (serial port). Using IC MAX 222 Function: provide conversion between the RS232 levels on the serial port and the logic levels pins of the TRXQ1 module. 4
RS 232 Communication Module Sensor RS232 connection to PC (serial port). Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) Resistance changes as the brightness changes Battery (Voltage supply) Estimated voltage supply for the node. Microcontroller supply : 5.5 V Transceiver supply : 5 V Sensor supply : 1 V GPS receiver supply : 5 V Total estimated : 12 V Standard NiMH Battery Other type (Solar Energy) Battery commonly found in remote control cars Others type of battery that found on market Black box (provided). GPS receiver National Marine Electronics Association (NMEA) NMEA Data Format Data Transmission Baud rate 48 Data bits 8 (D7=) Parity None Stop bits One Start bit D D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 Stop Data bit bit Example for NMEA Data Format Example for NMEA Data Format National Marine Electronics Association (NMEA) NMEA Data Format GGA (Global Positioning System Fix Data) $GPGGA utc Lat Lat dir lon Lon dir GPS equal # sats hdop alt units null null age Stn ID *xx <CR> <LF> VTG (Track Made Good and Ground Speed) Example: $--VTG,x.x,T,x.x,M,x.x,N,x.x,K*hh<CR><LF> 5
Software Review Development Tools For the Node PCB Development tool Microcontroller Development tool Transceiver Development tool For the Base Node LabVIEW (For the sensor data analysis) VisualGPS (To interpret NMEA output from the GPS receiver) Development Tools Software for the Base Node MPLAB IDE v6.6 - to develop the program for the PIC microcontroller - program written in assembly language - build, assemble and then test the code with the built-in simulator and debugger - FREE firmware PROTEL - To design the circuitry and Printed Circuit Board (PCB) MPLAB MPLAB C18 C compiler - to develop the program for PIC micro-controller - program written in C language - NOT free firmware - To do analysis of sensor data from Node 1 & 2. - To display the Graph and data / reading. - To save the data with time for further analysis. - Required the license for the software. MPLAB PM3 Programmer - to upload program to the micro-controller the program is developed - NOT free firmware VisualGPS - To interpret NMEA output from GPS receiver. - To create the a position plot. - To do the analysis (Data and the location of data taken). - Freeware package. LabVIEW Example for VisualGPS Example for LabView CR19 SENSOR INTEGRATION OF GPS Start animation Stop animation Node 1 measurement Summary Node 1 Node 1 Base Node Control panel measurement Saving file 6
The Available Resources GPS Receiver (Black box) is provided LabView (Educational freeware) is available VisualGPS is freeware package PROTEL (available at school) for designing PCB The Risk Management RISK POSSIBILITIES Involving of late arrival of components - Microcontroller - RF Transceiver Involving of outdoor testing impacts on the components - Damage the electronics parts - Unable to meet the deadline for Thesis B ALTERNATIVE OPTION Using the simulated data for transmitted data - LabView Software for the transmitted data analysis - Matlab Software for the simulated data The Risk Management Using PC to do the simulation for the project Base node Node 1 The Problems We Encountered & Solutions The connection of Analog RF transceiver to Rs232 port (Solution: Using the RS232 communication Module) Complexity of the sensor network (No. of Node that we are going built and do testing in thesis B) (Solution: Using Base Node, Node 1 and ) Compatibility of Microcontroller with two serial port (Solution: Using PIC microcontroller ) Thesis Part B: Thesis Part B layout Familiar with the Hardware Tools for the components for the project. Developing the Hardware for sensor node and Base node. Developing the software for the data collection and communication. Test on the simplex communication between the sensor node and base node. Final test of the project and improvements. Thesis Part B Challenges Understanding the Tools and software. Developing the hardware for microcontroller, GPS receiver, transceiver and sensor. Developing the software for the data transmitting and analysis. Developing the algorithm for the sensor node and base node communication. Testing the communication between the sensor node and base node using the transceiver. Final Testing evaluation of the Project. 7
Sensor Network Integration of GPS Possibility we might encounter in Thesis B Possible that the fell into the Node 1 area OR Node 1 fell into the area Solution: - Using duplex communication. - Request from Base Node time to time to check which Node is in the transmission area. - The Base Node will assign which should be Node 1 - The algorithm that required for Node communication Milestone A Milestone B REFERENCES Crossbow Solutions (second Quarter 24 volume 2) www.xbow.com/products/wireless_sensor_networks.html www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/viewpub.jsp?index=1934 Program Flow Chart Start Q & A wait for time-up Initialization Read in value from sensor Analog to Digital conversion YES Data Transmitted? NO start timer YES New value = NO Check timer for old value transmission time 8
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