5G mmwave Measurement Challenges

5G mmwave Measurement Challenges Tim Masson Keysight Technologies Page

5G mmwave Measurement Challenges Keysight Technologies 5G Dream & Vision Features & Capabilities Operating Frequencies & Bandwidths 5G Challenges Signal Generation & Analysis RF access & connectivity MIMO Device testing 5G Challenges Page 2

A Brief History of Keysight 1939 1998: Hewlett-Packard years A company founded on electronic measurement innovation 1999 2013: Agilent Technologies years Spun off from HP, Agilent became the World s Premier Measurement Company. In September 2013, it announced the spinoff of its electronic measurement business. 2014: Keysight begins operations November 1, Keysight is an independent company focused 100% on the electronic measurement industry. We believe in Firsts Bill Hewlett and Dave Packard s vision launched Silicon Valley and shaped our passion for firsts 75 years ago. Today we are committed to provide a new generation of firsts software-oriented solutions that create value for our investors and valued insights for our customers. 5G Challenges Page 3

Keysight at a Glance REVENUE IN FY16 $2.9 billion (~63% from outside U.S) EMPLOYEES ~10,350 PRESIDENT and CEO Ron Nersesian GLOBAL HEADQUARTERS CUSTOMER LOCATIONS Santa Rosa, California 100+ countries Ron Nersesian President and CEO MANUFACTURING AND R&D LOCATIONS U.S., Europe, Asia Pacific NYSE KEYS 5G Challenges Page 4

5G at a glance Universal & Ubiquitous Fibre-like speeds Very low latency Lowest cost-per-bit Multiband RF mmwave Lots of new technologies 5G Challenges Page 6

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5G Architecture & RAT From Requirements & Needs to the Nitty Gritty Great Service in a Crowd Fast, Reliable Real-time All things communicating Centralized, Seamless networks Flexible architectures integrate / replace 2G/3G/4G? Much greater capacity access to new spectrum more bands Wider channel bandwidths >> 20MHz Much lower latency < 1ms Better Scaleablability fixed narrowband to high mobility broadband 5G Challenges Page 9

Why do we need to work in mmwave bands Why not keep <6 GHz where RF are much easier? Capacity = No. of channel * Channel BW * log 2 (1 + S/N) Multi-GHz bandwidth is only available in mmwave bands 5G Spectrum Availability mmwave Region New Existing BW Total BW F low F high F low F high MHz GHz Korea 3400 3700 300 300 Europe Japan US China 2570 2620 50 3400 3800 400 2496 2690 194 3600 4200 800 4400 4900 500 2496 2690 191 3550 3700 150 2300 2400 100 2555 2655 100 3300 3600 3400 3600 300 4400 4500 100 4800 4990 190 450 1494 344 790 5G Spectrum Availability mmwave Region New Existing BW Total BW F low F high F low F high GHz GHz Korea 26.50 29.5 3.0 3.00 Europe 24.25 27.5 3.25 31.80 33.4 1.60 40.50 43.50 3.00 7.85 Japan 27.50 28.35 2.00 2.0 US 27.50 28.35 0.85 37.00 38.60 1.60 38.60 40.00 1.40 3.85 unlicensed 64.0 71.0 57.0 64.0 7.0 14.0 Adapted from IWPC 5G UE, Skyworks March 2017 (Dave Pehike unlicensed 5725 5875 150 150 5G Challenges Page 11

5G Test & Measurement Challenges What makes it a challenge 5G Challenges Page 13

Wideband Signal Generation - IQ Baseband I-baseband Dual AWG Q-baseband upconvert Internal/External ARB/AWG Calibrated signal level Triggers and Markers Standard modulation formats µw LO 5G Challenges Page 14

Wideband Signal Generation - IQ Baseband mmwave output I-baseband Dual AWG Q-baseband upconvert Internal/External ARB/AWG Calibrated signal level Triggers and Markers Standard modulation formats µw LO Baseband images Carrier feedthrough Flatness - tilt Phase noise in-band spurious 5G Challenges Page 15

Wideband Signal Generation - IF upconversion AWG IF generation Digital upconvert Filter upconvert mmwave output Filter µw LO External ARB/AWG No IQ Impairments Best in-band flatness Images and Spurious Typically lower signal level Less calibration traceability Needs band-specific filtering 5G Challenges Page 17

MIMO, Massive MIMO & Beam-Forming All 5G proposals use MIMO or Beam-Forming MIMO Multiple Input Output Provides higher capacity or better robustness or some of both Requires CSI (channel state information) for optimisation Useful for both FDD & TDD systems Massive MIMO Provide much higher capacity Steers nulls to maximise C/I TDD & reciprocity to estimate & optimise (esp. downlink) Beam Steering / Beam Forming Multiple antennas to direct energy towards receiver Optimise robustness for wideband signals 5G Challenges Page 18

Generating Multi-channel signals RF & IF solutions Carrier Aggregation in-band & multiple bands. Time synchronization normally required MIMO Multiple Generators Time synchronized / Frequency Locked } Massive MIMO Fully Coherent carriers needed Beam-steering 32 channel AWG for BB/IF/RF generation 4 16 channel PXI Generator/Analyzer (RF/IF) 5G Challenges Page 19

Getting a better mmwave signal Calibration and Correction of imperfect IQ modulation Generate offset IQ baseband Moves LO feedthrough away from wanted signal Moves images spurs & phase-noise away from carrier frequency Equalize transmit signal to improve amplitude and phase flatness Reduces EVM if measurement analyzer is better than signal generator Gives over-optimistic measurement if calibration and measurement are made on similar instruments May modify P/AR or ccdf of generated signal May need to be repeated for every test frequency, signal format and power level Signal Optimizer uses a calibration technique to calibrate phase flatness of a measurement receiver (Signal Analyzer) and then uses this analyzer to Optimise signal at output of Signal Generator 5G Challenges Page 20

New 5G Software: Keysight Signal Optimizer Build Your Confidence in 5G 5G Signal Generation 5G Signal Analysis Wideband Calibration 5G Challenges Page 21

Signal Optimizer Calibration Types Error contributor Corrected 1. Analyzer Calibration Cables, connectors etc. Analyzer Calibration Plane Comb Generator Test Fixtures 2. Source Calibration Analyzer Uncertainty Analyzer Calibration Plane (Calibrated analyzer) Test Fixtures Received signals have analyzer correction applied Source Calibration Plane Test Fixtures Test Fixtures Test Fixtures Source Uncertainty 3. End-to-End Calibration (Uncalibrated analyzer) Generated signals have source correction applied Test Fixtures Test Fixtures Test Fixtures Test Fixtures Source and Analyzer Uncertainty Generated signals have source and analyzer (End-to-End) correction applied 5G Challenges Page 22

Signal Analysis Single and Multi-channel approach N9030B N9040B DSA-Z series M9362A Down-converter AXI Digitizer DSO-S series N9030B + S894A Scope 5G Challenges Page 23

Down-conversion & Analysis Single & Multichannel capability PXA & Smart Mixer Scope & Smart Mixer VDI Downconverter Downconverter/Digitizer 5G Challenges Page 24

Cable loss (db / m) Connecting to the DUT Cable loss, cost and fragility. The graph shows signal loss versus frequency for a 1mm cable, for use above 67 GHz Connectors >40 GHz Very costly Increasingly fragile Difficult to install 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 Ref: Totoku Electric data sheet 2.4mm 12 db/m at 75 GHz 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 Frequency (GHz) Waveguides Much Lower loss Often very inconvenient to use 5G Challenges Page 25

Cable loss (db / m) Connecting to the DUT Move measurement transducer directly to the DUT OK for Power Meter, mmwave mixer or down-converter. Waveguides have much lower loss Flex waveguides OK, but COSTLY! Like a power sensor, a Smart Mixer moves the measurement plane to the output of the device. Benefits: Easier to position Built-in calibration Repeatable 1 8 1 6 1 4 1 2 1 0 8 6 4 Cable Ref: Totoku Electric data sheet Measurement plane -12 db/m Treat me 110 Frequency with (GHz) care 12 db/m at 75 GHz 0 db Device under test 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 5G Challenges Page 26

But My Device Has No Connector Over The Air, Connectorless Test Components will continue to be tested with probe or waveguide connections 5G mmwave systems will be highly integrated More energy efficient Lower cost Many measurements will have to be done Over The Air Radio Radio/ antenna interface Antenna array Connectorless test here Keysight has been involved with 3GPP OTA testing for 10 years. Talk to us about how it will change for mmwave 5G Challenges Page 27

But My Device Has No Connector Over The Air, Connectorless Test Components will continue to be tested with probe or waveguide connections RX & TX BF/BS measurement 5G mmwave systems will be highly integrated More energy efficient Lower cost Many measurements will have to be done Over The Air Keysight has been involved with 3GPP OTA testing for 10 years. Talk to us about how it will change for mmwave 5G Challenges Page 28

Integrated 8 x 8 transceiver device How do you connect, test, calibrate something like this? steering elements ϕ, amp. control Rx pre-amp 8 x 8 Antenna Array Tx inputs Rx outputs Power Amplifiers Device Controller Signal Distribution 5G Challenges Page 29

Effect of Signal Impairments on 28GHz Beam Beam shape vs signal degradation 5G Challenges Page 30

General mm-wave OTA Testing Environment Anechoic Chamber Probe antenna Measurement equipment DUT and Probe Positioners Positioner controller System Control Software 5G Challenges Page 31

5G Device Testing (based on test requirements for pre-5g devices) inter-operability tests of layer 1 baseband functions. Layers 2/3 are implicitly involved where L1 is controlled by higher-layer messages. diagnostics monitoring needed to log the messages and information needed to make a pass/fail decision eg for receiver test BER / BLER / Throughput Close-coupling to receiver needed where device is engineered without RF access to transceiver Information to be logged by the 5G UE & test equipment Tx power Rx signal strength and quality (DL RSRP, RSRQ) Data throughput and BLER CSI report (CQI, PMI, RI) & beam info (Beam ID, BSI, BRI) Diagnostics All signaling messages Cell info (Cell ID, CP, 5GARFCN) Channel configuration (number antennae, TM, Rank, RBA, PMI index, TBS, IMCS) 5G Challenges Page 33

Device Testing Test harness or one-box Test Harness One-box test-set µw Generate µw Generate DUT µw Analyze µw Analyze DUT RF Generate / Analyze L1 / L2 / L3 Tx & Rx Testing Message capture / decode Signal quality RI PMI Channel impairments MAC level Throughput Higher-layer functions End-to-end data Functional Tests etc Pattern Generate Pattern Analyzer 5G Challenges Page 34

Keysight Test Solutions for 5G Research Wideband RF/µW/mmWave Reference Solution Channel Sounding Reference Solution Sub-6 GHz MIMO Massive MIMO Receiver Signal Generation & Analysis Phase Coherent Signal Generation & Analysis Up to 16 channels Up to 40 channels Up to 104 channels SystemVue Simulation Software Signal Studio Software 89600 VSA Software 5G Challenges Page 35