SOCIEDAD ESPAÑOLA DE ORNITOLOGIA SEO/BirdLife Sacre Bird trends in spring in Spain 1998 212
Coordination: Juan Carlos del Moral. Data analysis and editing: Virginia Escandell and Blas Molina. Attach edition: Emilio Escudero. Translation: Victoria Escandell. Citation: SEO/BirdLife 213. Results of the programme Sacre of SEO/BirdLife. SEO/BirdLife. Madrid. These results are from the analysis done by SEO/BirdLife from Sacre programme data (trends of the birds in spring) available until 212. This information exists thanks to the volunteer work done since 1996 by more than 2, people (regional coordinators and participants), who is heading the main thanks. More information on these monitoring programs SEO/BirdLife can be found at: http://www.seo.org/trabajamos-en/estudio-de-especies/. Supported in 212 by:
ÍNDICE METHODOLOGY... 1 BIO-GEOGRAPHICAL ZONES... 3 GENERAL RESULTS... 5 COVERING OF SAMPLING UNITS: EVOLUTION OF THE VOLUNTEERS... 5 GENERAL RESULTS FOR SPECIES... 6 Population trends of common Spanish breeding birds... 8 Population trends of more common Spanish breeding birds... 12 RESULTS BY HABITAT TYPE... 16
METHODOLOGY Data have been obtained after analysing the results of the sampling units during two or more years between 1998 and 212 (1.124 u., fig 1). It is considered sampling unit each itinerary of 2 points recorded for the same person. The two first seasons of this monitoring programme (spring 1996 and 1997) have not been taken into account due they were when we began with this new methodology and the sampling units was not spread for the whole territory. Figure 1. Sampling units considered for the analysis of evolution of birds population. Analysis was made using the statistical programme TRIM (Trends and Indices for Monitoring data) of the application BirdSTATs v 2. with which we can obtain a better analysis because it enable us to carry our data of various species at the same time and automatically to select the type of regression lineal more suitable according to data available for each one. This tool has been specifically created to obtain the suitable birds population and which was recommended for EBCC (European Bird Census Council) for just this type of analysis. The showed information for the period 1998-212 it is referring to 153 species (fig.2). The new methodology were designed for 125 species of the SACRE programme and applied to obtain information regarding the trends of their population, but 18 species (scarce species) due to a reduced distribution and difficulty to detect them, data obtained are not enough and up to now results for analysis are not sure. Data are shown in a separate table so the information be analysed carefully. By the other hand, results of 28 species of no common birds (other species) are shown, though the methodology to detect their trends has not been designed specifically for them but it enable us to have enough information to have an idea and that is because we have added them. Also we have made a selection of a group of 25 species (common birds) of which we had into account three criteria: distribution, quantity, and well-known species. 1
COMMON SPECIES (17) VERY COMMON SPECIES (25) SPECIES SACRE METHODOLOGY (125) RESULTS (153 species) SCARCE SPECIES (18) OTHER SPECIES (28) Figure 2. Structure of species to analysing data obtained. 2
BIO-GEOGRAPHICAL ZONES Five zones to scale macro-ecological with similar environmental terms have been analysed (fig. 3) with the goal of knowing what happens with the trend of birds population recorder in these zones. These zones have been classified in base to the revision of different bio-climate zones for different authors as Rivas Martínez, and Allué Andrade so as the obtained data for Carrascal y Lobo in the Atlas de las Aves Reproductoras de Spain. So the bio-climate zone dominate feature in each UTM Grid (Universal Transverse Mercator) of 1x1 Km so as its geographical position. So the bio-climate zones are established in base to the height and the same climate terms (temperatures and rains) and it determines the different plants. Figure. 3. Zones macro-ecological to analysing the trend of birds population according to different zones. Eurosiberian zone: Into this zone are the majority of mountains and hills of the north of Spain, in special the area cantabro-atlantica and small areas of the Pirineos and which have not a Mediterranean climate (66 UTM grids). High mountain zone: They are areas with height above 1.5 meters. The reference for this height is in base to the suggested for some writers who describe high mountain for height above sea leve1 more than 1.5 meters (53 UTM grids). North Mediterranean zone: It is the "Supramediterranean" zone of Rivas Martínez, also some areas of mountain below 1.5 meters and some UTM grids of Mesomediteranean due to its geographical situation (1.293 UTM grids). South Mediterranean zone: It almost coincides with the bio-climate Termomediterranean and Mesomediterranean and some utm grids of 3
Supramediterranean but which have been added to this zone due to its geographical situation (2.958 UTM grids). Canary island zone: The whole archipelago is considered as one only unit due it belongs to a different bio-geographical zone (Macaronesia: 157 UTM grids). We cannot show information because we have not enough coverage of sampling unit. We have selected for each zone representatives species with enough data obtained during the sampling units: Eurosiberian zone (87 sp), high mountain (49 sp) north mediterranean (16 sp) and south mediterranean (1 sp). 4
GENERAL RESULTS COVERING OF SAMPLING UNITS: EVOLUTION OF THE VOLUNTEERS Figure 4. Sampling units assigned in the year 212. 1.2 1.78 1. 874 93 886 97 888 97 991 8 649 6 566 48 4 287 321 318 333 2 82 144 1.996 1.997 1.998 1.999 2. 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.1 2.11 2.12 Figure 5. Evolution of the sampling units assigned. 5
GENERAL RESULTS FOR SPECIES We show information about 153 species. 41 species have a negative trend of population and many of them show this trend during the last years (Southern Grey Shrike, Barn Swallow, Eurasian Jackdaw, Common Quail, Little Owl, etc.). For 22 species we cannot evaluate yet their trend because we find ups and downs in their populations which we have not a clear trend or we cannot evaluate it until we have enough data (scarce species or they have a reduced distribution). Species of common birds Though the three species of Grey shrike presents in Spain have a negative population, stand out the Southern Grey Shrike with a negative trend, decreasing each year, and it have place in all the areas (in special the Mediterranean north). Also we have detected a negative trend for the Common Quail, Little Bustard, Eurasian Jackdaw and Barn Swallow with percentages of a 4% less regarding the year 1998. Situation is stable for 32 species of which 2 have an uncertain result (Spanish Sparrow and Goldcrest). By the other hand, there are 39 species with positive trend, being very important the increase for the Eurasian Collared Dove coinciding with their expansion. Regarding species as the Common Chaffinch, Common Wood Pigeon and Blue Tit the trend is relatively positive. Species of more common birds The negative trends are for the Eurasian Jackdaw, European Serin and Barn Swallow. The Eurasian Jackdaw has a higher negative trend in the half north of Spain (Eurosiberian and North Mediteranean). It is important also to mention the negative trend for the House Sparrow, the same is happening with this species in other European countries as United Kingdom, (index calculated for a total of 25 countries). Zones In the Eurosiberian zone stands out the negative trend of the Common Kestrel and the already mentioned for the Eurasian Jackdaw. It is obtained a negative trend in the North Mediterranean zone finding three species with negative trend for Southem Grey Shrike, Calandra Lark and Eurasian Jackdaw, and 37 species with a moderate decline. Dipper and Garden Warbler show a negative trend in the Mediterranean south zone but they are scarce species and with a distribution limited to this zone. In this zone is important to mention the negative trend for species as: Common Quail, Sky Lark, Little Bustard, Southern Grey Shrike, Barn Swallow, Little Owl or European Turtle Dove. For the High mountain zone we do not have enough data of species joined to alpines zones as the Alpine Accentor, Bluethroat, Wallcreaper, Snowfinch. However, the Rock Thrush has the most negative trend while the Red-backed Shrike, Linnet and Yellowhammer their decline are very moderate. Our data are not enough to make an analysis of the Canary Islands. 6
Environment Species joined to farmlands continue showing negatives trends, while species joined to forest and bush give a positive trend. However, both the Woodchat Shrike joined to Mediterranean forest and the Southern Grey Shrike joined to bush zone have been detected a negative trend. In the farmland 15 species of birds show moderate decline which confirm us that some facts are influencing on a negative trend for the evolution of these species. Among them there are species that are subject to hunting pressure: Common Quail, European Turtle Dove and Common Partridge. In some areas the European Turtle Dove is becoming so scarce that every year less individuals can be detected and the negative trends can be recorded in the Eurosiberian zone as in both Mediterranean areas The situation for the Sky Lark and Little Bustard is worried due theses negative trends are detected in all areas. Species in danger One of the criteria considered for the UICN to classify if a species is in danger is the quick decline of its population and this is one information easy to obtain from data of the SACRE programme. Southem Grey Shrike, Common Quail, Eurasian Jackdaw, Barn Swallow, Little Owl, Calandra Lark, Dartford Warbler are species that together the Little Bustard must be considered in the category of "Vulnerable" because their population has a decline of more than a 3% during the last 14 years (fig. 6) however species as the Southern Grey Shrike is included as "almost threaten" yet. The Eurasian Jackdaw, the Barn Swallow, Little Owl, Calandra Lark and Dartford Warbler have not been evaluated yet. 8 6 4 2 Southern Grey Shrike Common Quail Little Bustard Eurasian Jackdaw Barn Swallow Common Kestrel Little Owl Calandra Lark Dartford Warbler European Turtle Dove Sky Lark Black-eared Wheatear Green Woodpecker -2-4 -6-46,29-43,6-4,98-39,24-37,36-33,86-56,63-53,32-3,3-29,27-26,5-25,12-21,94-8 Figure 6. of species with a big decline of population. 7
Population trends of common Spanish breeding birds Species Sampling Trend classification Annual change units 1998-212 (1998-212) Acrocephalus arundinaceus 163 Moderate decline (p<.1) ** -3,8 (-5,9; -1,6) -14,21 Acrocephalus scirpaceus 213 Stable 1,7 (-,2; 3,6) 36,25 Aegithalos caudatus 599 Stable -,4 (-1,8;,9) 7,92 Alauda arvensis 622 Moderate decline (p<.1) ** -2,3 (-2,9; -1,6) -26,5 Alcedo atthis 143 Moderate decline (p<.5) * -5,2 (-9,6; -,7) -45,22 Alectoris rufa 878 Moderate decline (p<.1) ** -1 (-1,5; -,4) -16,23 Anas platyrhynchos 675 Stable,9 (-,2; 1,9) -6,6 Anthus campestris 223 Stable -,8 (-2,9; 1,3) -4,69 Anthus trivialis 245 Stable 1,1 (-,4; 2,6),68 Apus apus 991 Moderate decline (p<.1) ** -,9 (-1,6; -,3) -26,22 Athene noctua 5 Moderate decline (p<.1) ** -3,3 (-4,5; -2,2) -37,36 Buteo buteo 886 Moderate decline (p<.1) ** -1,5 (-2,3; -,7) -8,29 Calandrella brachydactyla 37 Stable -,5 (-1,9;,9) -15,16 Carduelis cannabina 86 Stable -,4 (-1,1;,3) 14,48 Carduelis carduelis 16 Stable -,5 (-1;,1) 12,27 Cecropis daurica 345 Stable,6 (-1; 2,2) 24,68 Certhia brachydactyla 667 Moderate increase (p<.1) ** 2,6 (1,8; 3,5) 62,46 Cettia cetti 722 Stable,1 (-,5;,7) -11,12 Chloris chloris 984 Moderate increase (p<.1) ** 2,2 (1,5; 2,8) 64,54 Ciconia ciconia 51 Moderate increase (p<.1) ** 2,4 (1,6; 3,3) 59,71 Cinclus cinclus 14 Stable,5 (-3,5; 4,6) 29,8 Cisticola juncidis 538 Stable -,3 (-1,1;,5) -38,21 Clamator glandarius 258 Moderate increase (p<.1) ** 5,4 (2,7; 8) 34,63 Columba livia 572 Stable -,1 (-1,2; 1) -1 Columba oenas 166 Moderate increase (p<.1) ** 5,9 (2,5; 9,3) -16,83 Columba palumbus 975 Moderate increase (p<.1) ** 2,5 (1,8; 3,2) 11,54 Corvus corax 73 Moderate decline (p<.1) ** -1,6 (-2,7; -,5) -6,96 Corvus corone 738 Moderate decline (p<.1) ** -1 (-1,6; -,5) -2,87 Corvus monedula 461 Moderate decline (p<.1) ** -3,3 (-4,2; -2,3) -43,6 Coturnix coturnix 689 Moderate decline (p<.1) ** -2,2 (-3; -1,4) -53,32 Cuculus canorus 955 Stable,4 (;,9) 7,9 Cyanistes caeruleus 851 Moderate increase (p<.1) ** 2,5 (1,8; 3,2) 5,45 Cyanopica cookii 235 Moderate increase (p<.1) ** 3,2 (1,7; 4,6) 61,8 Delichon urbicum 795 Moderate increase (p<.5) * 1,2 (,2; 2,1) -3,42 Dendrocopos major 685 Moderate increase (p<.1) ** 3,6 (2,6; 4,5) 76,49 Emberiza calandra 871 Stable,3 (-,2;,9) 23,6 Emberiza cia 41 Moderate increase (p<.5) * 1,6 (,3; 3) 4,59 Emberiza cirlus 514 Stable -,3 (-1,4;,9) 37,59 Emberiza citrinella 163 Moderate decline (p<.1) ** -3,6 (-5,3; -1,8) -14,28 Emberiza hortulana 114 Moderate decline (p<.5) * -2,9 (-5,2; -,5) -13,24 Erithacus rubecula 688 Moderate increase (p<.1) ** 1,4 (,7; 2,1) 42,28 Falco tinnunculus 94 Moderate decline (p<.1) ** -2 (-2,8; -1,3) -39,24 Fringilla coelebs 944 Moderate increase (p<.1) ** 3,3 (2,7; 3,8) 75,39 Galerida cristata 762 Moderate decline (p<.1) ** -,8 (-1,4; -,3) -6,7 Galerida theklae 342 Moderate increase (p<.1) ** 3,4 (1,9; 4,9) 86,77 Garrulus glandarius 641 Moderate increase (p<.1) ** 2,2 (1,2; 3,3) 55,54 Hippolais polyglotta 588 Moderate increase (p<.1) ** 2,9 (1,9; 3,8) 47,55 Hirundo rustica 151 Moderate decline (p<.1) ** -1,8 (-2,4; -1,2) -4,98 Jynx torquilla 22 Stable -,1 (-2,4; 2,3) -24,79 Table 1. Annual change and trend (%) of population of each species between years 1998-212. In orange are show those species with moderate decline, in red the one with an important decline, in blue species with a stable trend, in green species with an increase of population and in grey species without a change. It is shown the grade of significance statistical obtained in the analysis.it is mentioned the quantity of sampling units where has been recorder the species to make the analysis. 8
Species Sampling Trend classification Annual change units 1998-212 (1998-212) Lanius collurio 252 Moderate decline (p<.5) * -2,2 (-3,9; -,5) -49,93 Lanius meridionalis 532 Steep decline (p<.5) * -6,4 (-7,7; -5,2) -56,63 Lanius senator 622 Moderate decline (p<.1) ** -1,9 (-2,9; -,9) -13,63 Lophophanes cristatus 38 Stable -,7 (-2,2;,8) 29,65 Loxia curvirostra 138 Moderate increase (p<.1) ** 6 (2,9; 9,2) 13,4 Lullula arborea 594 Moderate increase (p<.5) *,8 (; 1,6) 15,58 Luscinia megarhynchos 853 Moderate increase (p<.1) ** 2,2 (1,8; 2,5) 33,34 Melanocorypha calandra 392 Moderate decline (p<.1) ** -3,8 (-4,5; -3,1) -33,86 Merops apiaster 73 Stable -,3 (-1,2;,6) -6,64 Milvus migrans 664 Moderate increase (p<.1) ** 2,7 (1,7; 3,7) 51,36 Monticola solitarius 129 Stable -2 (-4,6;,7) 17,12 Motacilla alba 752 Moderate decline (p<.1) ** -1,5 (-2,5; -,6) -18,57 Motacilla cinerea 296 Stable -,2 (-2,3; 2) 12,39 Motacilla flava 255 Moderate increase (p<.1) ** 1,7 (,5; 3) 28,2 Muscicapa striata 25 Stable,9 (-1,4; 3,2) 34,62 Oenanthe hispanica 423 Moderate decline (p<.1) ** -2,2 (-3,3; -1,1) -25,12 Oenanthe oenanthe 359 Moderate decline (p<.5) * -1,3 (-2,4; -,2) -14,69 Oriolus oriolus 71 Moderate increase (p<.1) ** 2,9 (2,1; 3,6) 54,3 Parus major 113 Moderate increase (p<.1) ** 1,2 (,6; 1,7) 27,95 Passer domesticus 154 Moderate decline (p<.1) ** -,9 (-1,3; -,4) -5,17 Passer hispaniolensis 116 Uncertain 5 (-2; 12) 48,91 Passer montanus 41 Moderate decline (p<.1) ** -1,8 (-3,1; -,5) -17,82 Periparus ater 55 Moderate increase (p<.1) ** 1,6 (,6; 2,6) 31,24 Petronia petronia 394 Stable 1,2 (; 2,4) 24,9 Phoenicurus ochruros 544 Stable,1 (-1,1; 1,3) 3,94 Phylloscopus bonelli 342 Moderate increase (p<.1) ** 4,3 (3,2; 5,4) 126,1 Phylloscopus collybita * 285 Moderate decline (p<.1) ** -7,6 (-1,6; -4,7) -55,5 Phylloscopus ibericus * 198 Moderate increase (p<.1) ** 4,4 (1,7; 7,1) -2,8 Pica pica 853 Stable -,3 (-,9;,2),93 Picus viridis 851 Moderate decline (p<.1) ** -1,9 (-2,6; -1,2) -21,94 Prunella modularis 239 Moderate decline (p<.1) ** -2,3 (-3,8; -,9) -36,32 Ptyonoprogne rupestris 267 Stable,8 (-1,5; 3,1) -5,99 Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax 296 Stable 1,4 (-,8; 3,7) 75,56 Pyrrhula pyrrhula 233 Stable -2 (-4,3;,3) 2,92 Regulus ignicapilla 4 Moderate increase (p<.1) ** 2,5 (1; 4) 37,84 Regulus regulus 18 Uncertain -,2 (-6; 5,5) -38,57 Riparia riparia 111 Stable,3 (-3,6; 4,2) -74,9 Saxicola rubicola 851 Moderate decline (p<.1) ** -2,6 (-3,4; -1,9) -18,26 Serinus serinus 143 Moderate decline (p<.1) ** -1,5 (-2; -1,1) -1,14 Sitta europaea 33 Moderate increase (p<.1) ** 4,5 (2,8; 6,1) 19,96 Streptopelia decaocto 761 Strong increase (p<.1) ** 15,4 (14; 16,9) 966,34 Streptopelia turtur 756 Moderate decline (p<.1) ** -1,6 (-2,5; -,8) -29,27 Sturnus unicolor 966 Moderate increase (p<.1) ** 1,6 (1; 2,3) 27,31 Sturnus vulgaris 144 Moderate increase (p<.1) ** 4,2 (1,4; 6,9) 62,38 Sylvia atricapilla 781 Moderate increase (p<.1) ** 5,6 (4,9; 6,4) 117,98 Sylvia borin 25 Stable -,5 (-2,2; 1,2) 17,38 Sylvia cantillans 355 Moderate increase (p<.1) ** 2,8 (1,4; 4,3) 4,19 Sylvia communis 287 Moderate decline (p<.1) ** -4,1 (-5,6; -2,7) -37,93 Sylvia conspicillata 189 Stable,2 (-3; 3,4) 26,52 Sylvia hortensis 195 Moderate increase (p<.1) ** 4,7 (2,1; 7,3) 131,1 Sylvia melanocephala 583 Moderate increase (p<.5) *,9 (,2; 1,6) 15,62 Sylvia undata 434 Moderate decline (p<.1) ** -2,6 (-4; -1,1) -3,3 Tetrax tetrax 232 Moderate decline (p<.1) ** -2,7 (-3,9; -1,6) -46,29 Troglodytes troglodytes 637 Moderate increase (p<.1) ** 1,2 (,5; 1,9) 3,85 Turdus merula 163 Moderate increase (p<.1) ** 1,5 (1,1; 2) 31,78 Turdus philomelos 441 Moderate increase (p<.1) ** 2,5 (1,1; 3,9) 51,61 Turdus viscivorus 446 Moderate increase (p<.5) * 1,9 (,4; 3,3) 31,7 Upupa epops 866 Stable -,5 (-1,1;,2) 8,24 Table 1 (cont.). Annual change and trend (%) of population of each species between years 1998-212. In orange are show those species with moderate decline, in red the one with an important decline, in blue species with a stable trend, in green species with an increase of population and in grey species without a change. It is shown the grade of significance statistical obtained in the analysis.it is mentioned the quantity of sampling units where has been recorder the species to make the analysis. * * data since 25 9
COMMON SPECIES Spain Aves comunes CUADRÍCULAS CONSIDERADAS 12, Porcentaje de cambio respecto a 1998 1, 8, 6, 4, 2, REGIONES, 1998 1999 2 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 21 211 212 Eurosiberian Aves comunes eurosiberianas High mountain Aves comunes alta montaña 1 3 8 25 6 2 4 2 15 1 5-2 -5-4 1998 1999 2 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 21 211 212-1 1998 1999 2 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 21 211 212 North Mediterranean South Mediterranean Aves comunes mediterráneas del norte Aves comunes mediterráneas del sur 4 25 2 2-2 15-4 -6 1-8 -1 5-12 1998 1999 2 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 21 211 212 1998 1999 2 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 21 211 212 1
Number of common species of each trend classification in each region Declive fuerte; 1 COMMON SPECIES Spain CUADRÍCULAS CONSIDERADAS moderado; 38 Declive moderado; 33 REGIONES fuerte; 1 Incierto; 2 Estable; 32 Eurosiberian Declive fuerte; 3 Declive moderado; 1 High mountain Declive moderado; 5 Incierto; 33 Incierto; 19 Estable; 19 Estable; 16 fuerte; 4 moderado; 18 North Mediterranean moderado; 1 South Mediterranean fuerte; 1 moderado; 2 Incierto; 15 Declive fuerte; 3 Declive moderado; 37 fuerte; 1 Incierto; 14 Declive fuerte; 2 Declive moderado; 16 Estable; 26 moderado; 41 Estable; 3 11
Population trends of more common Spanish breeding birds Species Sampling Trend classification Annual change units 1998-212 (1998-212) Apus apus 991 Moderate decline (p<.1) ** -,9 (-1,6; -,3) -26,22 Carduelis cannabina 86 Stable -,4 (-1,1;,3) 14,48 Carduelis carduelis 16 Stable -,5 (-1;,1) 12,27 Chloris chloris 984 Moderate increase (p<.1) ** 2,2 (1,5; 2,8) 64,54 Columba palumbus 975 Moderate increase (p<.1) ** 2,5 (1,8; 3,2) 11,54 Corvus monedula 461 Moderate decline (p<.1) ** -3,3 (-4,2; -2,3) -43,6 Cuculus canorus 955 Stable,4 (;,9) 7,9 Cyanistes caeruleus 851 Moderate increase (p<.1) ** 2,5 (1,8; 3,2) 5,45 Delichon urbicum 795 Moderate increase (p<.5) * 1,2 (,2; 2,1) -3,42 Emberiza calandra 871 Stable,3 (-,2;,9) 23,6 Erithacus rubecula 688 Moderate increase (p<.1) ** 1,4 (,7; 2,1) 42,28 Fringilla coelebs 944 Moderate increase (p<.1) ** 3,3 (2,7; 3,8) 75,39 Galerida cristata 762 Moderate decline (p<.1) ** -,8 (-1,4; -,3) -6,7 Hirundo rustica 151 Moderate decline (p<.1) ** -1,8 (-2,4; -1,2) -4,98 Luscinia megarhynchos 853 Moderate increase (p<.1) ** 2,2 (1,8; 2,5) 33,34 Motacilla alba 752 Moderate decline (p<.1) ** -1,5 (-2,5; -,6) -18,57 Parus major 113 Moderate increase (p<.1) ** 1,2 (,6; 1,7) 27,95 Passer domesticus 154 Moderate decline (p<.1) ** -,9 (-1,3; -,4) -5,17 Pica pica 853 Stable -,3 (-,9;,2),93 Saxicola torquata 851 Moderate decline (p<.1) ** -2,6 (-3,4; -1,9) -18,26 Serinus serinus 143 Moderate decline (p<.1) ** -1,5 (-2; -1,1) -1,14 Sturnus unicolor 966 Moderate increase (p<.1) ** 1,6 (1; 2,3) 27,31 Troglodytes troglodytes 637 Moderate increase (p<.1) ** 1,2 (,5; 1,9) 3,85 Turdus merula 163 Moderate increase (p<.1) ** 1,5 (1,1; 2) 31,78 Upupa epops 866 Stable -,5 (-1,1;,2) 8,24 More common birds 12 1 8 Index (%) 6 4 2-2 -4-6 Eurasian Jackdaw Barn Swallow Common Swift White Wagtail Common Stonechat European Serin Crested Lark House Sparrow House Martin Magpie Common Cuckoo Hoopoe Goldfinch Linnet Corn Bunting Spotless Starling Great Tit Wren Blackbird Rufous Nightingale Robin Blue Tit Greenfinch Common Chaffinch Common Woodpigeon 12
MORE COMMON SPECIES Spain Aves más comunes CUADRÍCULAS CONSIDERADAS 12, 1, 8, 6, REGIONES 4, 2,, 1998 1999 2 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 21 211 212 Eurosiberian Aves más comunes eurosiberianas High mountain Aves más comunes alta montaña 2 35 Porcentaje de cambio respecto a 1998 15 1 5-5 -1 3 25 2 15 1 5-5 -15 1998 1999 2 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 21 211 212-1 1998 1999 2 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 21 211 212 North Mediterranean South Mediterranean Aves más comunes mediterráneas del norte Aves más comunes mediterráneas del sur 6 25 4 2 2 15-2 -4 1-6 -8 5-1 1998 1999 2 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 21 211 212 1998 1999 2 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 21 211 212 13
MORE COMMON SPECIES Spain CUADRÍCULAS CONSIDERADAS Declive moderado; 8 moderado; 11 REGIONES Estable; 6 Incierto; 2 Eurosiberian Declive fuerte; 1 Declive moderado; 2 High mountain Declive moderado; 1 moderado; 5 moderado; 8 Estable; 1 Estable; 7 North Mediterranean South Mediterranean moderado; 6 Declive fuerte; 1 Declive moderado; 5 Declive moderado; 7 moderado; 11 Estable; 9 Estable; 11 14
Population trends of scarce species (18 species). Species Sampling Trend classification Annual change units 1998-212 (1998-212) Apus pallidus 63 Moderate increase (p<.1) ** 8,4 (4,6; 12,2) Calandrella rufescens 3 Uncertain -5,6 (-16,5; 5,2) Certhia familiaris 2 Uncertain 4,1 (-11,1; 19,3) Coccothraustes coccothraus 9 Uncertain 4 (-1,5; 9,4) Coracias garrulus 85 Moderate increase (p<.5) * 8,6 (1,8; 15,4) Corvus frugilegus 48 Uncertain -4,2 (-11,9; 3,6) Dendrocopos minor 47 Strong increase (p<.1) ** 15,9 (8,5; 23,3) Emberiza schoeniclus 3 Uncertain -4,2 (-19,9; 11,5) Ficedula hypoleuca 89 Uncertain -3,7 (-9,1; 1,7) Monticola saxatilis 61 Moderate decline (p<.5) * -5,5 (-1; -1) Oenanthe leucura 86 Uncertain -3,1 (-6,9;,7) Parus palustris 72 Uncertain -,5 (-1,8; 9,9) Phoenicurus phoenicurus 61 Uncertain 3,1 (-,6; 6,8) Pyrrhocorax graculus 37 Uncertain -4,4 (-19,2; 1,3) Remiz pendulinus 48 Moderate increase (p<.5) * 8,3 (1,7; 14,8) Saxicola rubetra 47 Moderate decline (p<.1) ** -9,6 (-15,4; -3,8) Serinus citrinella 28 Uncertain 1,1 (-12; 14,2) Tachymarptis melba 87 Uncertain 2 (-2,8; 6,7) Population trends of other species (28 species). Species Sampling Trend classification Annual change units 1998-212 (1998-212) Accipiter gentilis 141 Uncertain 3,8 (-2; 9,5) Accipiter nisus 287 Stable 1,3 (-1,8; 4,4) Aegypius monachus 18 Moderate increase (p<.1) ** 8,8 (2,9; 14,6) Aquila adalberti 37 Uncertain 3,9 (-8; 15,7) Aquila chrysaetos 172 Uncertain 2,3 (-2,2; 6,8) Circaetus gallicus 38 Stable 1,3 (-1,5; 4,1) Circus aeruginosus 218 Strong increase (p<.1) ** 8,8 (6,4; 11,3) Circus cyaneus 188 Uncertain -2,6 (-6;,9) Circus pygargus 432 Stable -,1 (-1,3; 1) Elanus caeruleus 72 Strong increase (p<.5) * 18,2 (7; 29,3) Falco naumanni 22 Strong increase (p<.1) ** 1,6 (8,2; 13) Falco peregrinus 224 Stable -1,2 (-4,2; 1,7) Falco subbuteo 142 Steep decline (p<.5) * -9,3 (-13,5; -5,1) Fulica atra 177 Steep decline (p<.1) ** -8,2 (-1,6; -5,9) Gallinula chloropus 296 Moderate decline (p<.1) ** -2,1 (-3,6; -,6) Gyps fulvus 482 Moderate increase (p<.5) * 2 (,3; 3,7) Hieraaetus fasciatus 51 Uncertain -6,3 (-13,3;,6) Hieraaetus pennatus 53 Moderate increase (p<.5) * 1,9 (,2; 3,6) Himantopus himantopus 187 Stable,8 (-1; 2,7) Milvus milvus 36 Moderate decline (p<.1) ** -2,8 (-4,6; -1) Neophron percnopterus 216 Stable -1,3 (-4,2; 1,6) Otis tarda 134 Moderate increase (p<.1) ** 5,6 (3,7; 7,6) Pandion haliaetus 22 Uncertain 4,1 (-1,4; 18,7) Pernis apivorus 96 Uncertain 3,6 (-7,8; 14,9) Phalacrocorax carbo 61 Uncertain 2,1 (-6,8; 11) Phasianus colchicus 68 Moderate increase (p<.5) * 5,5 (,5; 1,4) Pterocles alchata 75 Moderate increase (p<.1) ** 7,3 (4,4; 1,2) Pterocles orientalis 15 Moderate decline (p<.1) ** -5 (-8,1; -1,9) 15
RESULTS BY HABITAT TYPE POPULATION TRENDS OF COMMON SPANISH BIRDS 4 3 2 Index (1998=) 1-1 -2-3 -4 1998 1999 2 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 21 211 212 Medios Agrarios Medios forestales Medios Urbanos Medios Shrubland arbustivos Farmland Forest Urban Farmland -13,4 Eurosiberian farmland -22,6 Mediterranean farmland -25, Wood farmland -4,8 Forest 44, Eurosiberian forest 1,3 Mediterranean forest 45,4 Urban -2,5 Shrubland 11,7 16
Índice de cambio (%) 44, FOREST Forest species Index (%) 5 45 4 35 3 25 2 15 1 5 Forest species 1998 1999 2 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 21 211 212 14 12 1 8 6 4 2-2 -4-6 -8-1 -12-14 European Bee-eater Tree Pipit Garden Warbler Common Bullfinch Crested Tit Coal Tit Mistle Thrush Firecrest Song Thrush Eurasian Jay Short-toed Treecreeper Common Chaffinch Great Spotted Woodpecker European Nuthatch Common Crossbill MEDITERRANEAN FOREST Índice de cambio (%) 45,4 Mediterranean forest species Mediterranean forest species 14 12 Index (%) 5 45 4 35 3 25 2 15 1 5 1998 1999 2 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 21 211 212 1 8 6 4 2-2 -4-6 -8-1 -12-14 Woodchat Shrike Wood Lark Sardinian Warbler Rock Bunting Azure-winged Magpie Bonelli's Warbler Western Orphean Warbler Índice de cambio (%) 1,3 Eurosiberian forest species EUROSIBERIAN FOREST 25 Eurosiberian forest species 1 2 8 Index (%) 6 4 2 15 1 5-2 -4 1998 1999 2 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 21 211 212 Tree Pipit Common Bullfinch 17
Cambio (%) respecto a 1998-13,4 Farmland species FARMLAND 8 Farmland species Index (%) 4 2-2 -4-6 -8-1 -12-14 -16 1998 1999 2 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 21 211 212 6 4 2-2 -4-6 Common Quail Red-backed Shrike Little Bustard Barn Swallow Common Kestrel Calandra Lark European Turtle Dove Sky Lark Black-eared Wheatear Tree Sparrow Red-legged Partridge Yellowhammer Woodchat Shrike European Serin Crested Lark Short-toed Lark Tawny Pipit Hoopoe Linnet Corn Bunting Rock Sparrow Spotless Starling Yellow Wagtail Cirl Bunting White Stork MEDITERRANEAN FARMLAND Cambio (%) respecto a 1998-25, Mediterranean farmland species -5 Mediterranean farmland species 3 2 1 Common Quail Little Bustard Calandra Lark Woodchat Shrike Black-eared Wheatear Crested Lark Red-legged Partridge Short-toed Lark Index (%) -1-15 -1-2 Corn Bunting -2-3 -25-4 -3 1998 1999 2 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 21 211 212-5 -6 EUROSIBERIAN FARMLAND Cambio (%) respecto a 1998-22,6 Eurosiberian farmland species Index (%) -5-1 -15-2 Eurosiberian farmland species 4 3 2 1-1 -2-3 Common Quail Red-backed Shrike Sky Lark Red-legged Partridge Yellowhammer Woodchat Shrike Crested Lark Yellow Wagtail -25-4 -3 1998 1999 2 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 21 211 212-5 -6 WOOD FARMLAND Cambio (%) respecto a 1998-4,8 Wood farmland species Wood farmland species 8 1 8 6 Index (%) 6 4 2-2 -4-6 4 2-2 Little Owl European Turtle Red-legged Partridge European Serin Magpie Hoopoe Goldfinch Greenfinch -8-1 1998 1999 2 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 21 211 212-4 -6 18
Cambio (%) respecto a 1998 11,7 Shrubland species SHRUBLAND 15 Shrubland species 2 1 15 Index (%) 1 5-5 1998 1999 2 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 21 211 212 5-5 -1 Southern Grey Dunnock Dartford Warbler Lond-tailed Tit Sardinian Warbler Subalpine Warbler Rock Bunting Melodious Warbler Thekla Lark Western Orphean Warbler URBAN Cambio (%) respecto a 1998-2,5 Urban species -5 Urban species -5 Barn Swallow Common Swift House Sparrow House Martin Index (%) -1-15 -2-1 -15-2 -25-3 -35-25 1998 1999 2 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 21 211 212-4 -45 19
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