High-Voltage, 5mA, Adjustable Linear General Description The current regulator operates from a 6.5V to 4V input voltage range and delivers up to a total of 5mA to one or more strings of high-brightness LEDs (HB LEDs). The output current of the is adjusted by using an external current-sense resistor in series with the LEDs. An enable input allows widerange pulsed dimming. Wave-shaping circuitry reduces EMI. The differential current-sense input increases noise immunity. The is well suited for applications requiring high-voltage input and is able to withstand automotive load-dump events up to 4V. An on-board pass element minimizes external components while providing ±.5% output current accuracy. Additional features include a 5V regulated output and short-circuit and thermal protection. The is available in a thermally enhanced, 5mm x 5mm, 16-pin TQFN package and is specified over the automotive -4 C to +125 C temperature range. Applications Automotive Interior: Map, Courtesy, and Cluster Lighting Automotive Exterior: Tail Lights and CHMSL Warning Lights for Emergency Vehicles Navigation and Marine Indicators General Illumination Signage, Gasoline Canopies, Beacons Pin Configuration Features +6.5V to +4V Operating Range Adjustable LED Current (5mA to 5mA) ±.5% Output Current Accuracy Integrated Pass Element with Low-Dropout Voltage (.55V typ) Output Short-Circuit Protection +5V Regulated Output with 4mA Source Capability Thermal Shutdown Differential LED Current Sense High-Voltage Enable Pin for Dimming Interface Low Shutdown Supply Current (5µA typ) Low 2mV Current-Sense Reference Reduces Power Losses Wave-Shaped Edges Reduce Radiated EMI During PWM Dimming Available in Small, Thermally Enhanced, 5mm x 5mm, 16-Pin TQFN Package -4 C to +125 C Operating Temperature Range Ordering Information PART TEMP RANGE P-PACKAGE ATE+ -4 C to +125 C 16 TQFN-EP* ATE/V+ -4 C to +125 C 16 TQFN-EP* +Denotes a lead(pb)-free/rohs-compliant package. *EP = Exposed pad. /V denotes an automotive qualified part. Simplified Diagram TOP VIEW EN 1 14 15 16 + 1 2 12 11 1 9 4 8 6 5 +6.5V TO +4V.1µF PWM DIMMG EN +5V REG.1µF LEDs RSENSE TQFN For pricing, delivery, and ordering information, please contact Maxim Direct at 1-888-629-4642, or visit Maxim s website at www.maximintegrated.com. 19-428; Rev 2; 1/12
High-Voltage, 5mA, Adjustable Linear ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATGS to...-.v to +45V, EN to...-.v to (V +.V),, and to...-.v to +6V Short Circuited to Duration (at V = +16V)...6 minutes Maximum Current into Any Pin (except and )...±2mA Continuous Power Dissipation (T A = + C) 16-Pin TQFN 5mm x 5mm (derate.mw/ C above + C)...2666.mW Stresses beyond those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. PACKAGE THERMAL CHARACTERISTICS (Note 1) Junction-to-Ambient Thermal Resistance (θ JA )... C/W Junction-to-Case Thermal Resistance (θ JC )...2 C/W ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS Operating Junction Temperature Range...-4 C to +125 C Junction Temperature...+15 C Storage Temperature Range...-65 C to +15 C Lead Temperature (soldering, 1s)...+ C Note 1: Package thermal resistances obtained using the method described in JEDEC specification JESD51-, using a four-layer board. For detailed information on package thermal considerations, see www.maximintegrated.com/thermal-tutorial. (V = V EN = +12V, C =.1µF to, I =, =, connect R SENSE =.58Ω between and. T A = -4 C to +125 C, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at T A = +25 C.) (Notes 2 and ) PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS M TYP MAX UNITS Supply Voltage Range V (Note 2) 6.5 4. V Ground Current I G I LOAD = 5mA 1.28 ma Shutdown Supply Current I SHDN V EN.6V 5 µa Guaranteed Output Current I R SENSE =.55Ω 5 ma Output Current Accuracy 5mA < I < 5mA ±.5 % Dropout Voltage (Note 4) Output Current Slew Rate VDO I = 5mA (current pulsed), 12V < V < 4V I = 5mA (current pulsed), 6.5V < V < 4V Current rising.8 Current falling.8.55 1.2 V.55 1.5 V Short-Circuit Current V = 12V, V = V 4 5 65 ma LOGIC PUT EN Input Current I EN -2.5-1. -.2 µa EN Input Voltage High V IH 2.8 V EN Input Voltage Low V IL.6 V Turn-On Time t ON V EN rising edge to 9% of 11 5 µs CURRENT SENSE Regulated R SENSE Voltage V SENSE V SENSE = V - V 19 2 2 mv Input Current () V = 22mV 2.. µa Input Current () V = 22mV -5-1.2 µa ma/µs 2 Maxim Integrated
High-Voltage, 5mA, Adjustable Linear ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) (V = V EN = +12V, C =.1µF to, I =, =, connect R SENSE =.58Ω between and. T A = -4 C to +125 C, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at T A = +25 C.) (Notes 2 and ) PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS M TYP MAX UNITS THERMAL OVERLOAD Thermal-Shutdown Temperature +159 C Thermal-Shutdown Hysteresis 24 C +5V REGULATOR Output Voltage V 4.85 5. 5.2 V Output Voltage Load Regulation < I LOAD < 4mA (Note 5) 12 2 mv/ma Short-Circuit Current = V (Note 6) 15 ma Note 2: Resistors were added from to to aid with the power dissipation during testing. Note : All devices 1% production tested at T A = +25 C. Limits over the operating temperature range are guaranteed by design. Note 4: Dropout is measured as follows: Connect R O = 2Ω from to. Connect R SENSE =.58Ω from to. Set V = +12V (record V as V 1 ). Reduce V until V =.9 x V 1 (record as V 2 and V 2 ). V DO = V 2 - V 2. Note 5: Current regulation varies with load (see the Typical Operating Characteristics). Note 6: Thermal shutdown does not function if the output of the 5V reference is shorted to ground. (V = V EN = +12V, T A = +25 C, unless otherwise noted.) Typical Operating Characteristics PUT CURRENT (ma) 45 4 5 25 2 15 1 5 PUT CURRENT vs. TEMPERATURE ILOAD = 5mA ILOAD = 2mA ILOAD = 1mA ILOAD = 5mA toc1 (V - V) (V).28.26.24.22.2 (V - V) vs. PUT CURRENT toc2 PUT CURRENT (ma) 4 5 25 2 15 1 5 PUT CURRENT vs. PUT VOLTAGE toc -4-25 -1 5 2 5 5 65 8 95 11 125 TEMPERATURE ( C).198 2 5 8 11 14 1 2 2 26 29 2 5 PUT CURRENT (ma) 5 1 15 2 25 5 4 PUT VOLTAGE (V) Maxim Integrated
High-Voltage, 5mA, Adjustable Linear Typical Operating Characteristics (continued) (V = V EN = +12V, T A = +25 C, unless otherwise noted.) DROP VOLTAGE (V) 1..9.8..6.5.4..2.1 ILOAD = 5mA DROP VOLTAGE vs. TEMPERATURE -4-25 -1 5 2 5 5 65 8 95 11 125 TEMPERATURE ( C) toc4 SHUTDOWN CURRENT (µa) 1 9 8 6 5 4 2 1 V = 4V SHUTDOWN CURRENT vs. TEMPERATURE V = 12V V = 2V V = 6.5V -4-25 -1 5 2 5 5 65 8 95 11 125 TEMPERATURE ( C) toc5 +5V REGULATOR PUT (V) 5.2 5.1 5. 4.9 +5V REGULATOR PUT vs. TEMPERATURE I = 1mA I = 5mA NO LOAD 4.8-4 -25-1 5 2 5 5 65 8 95 11 125 TEMPERATURE ( C) toc6 (V - V) (V).26.24.22.2.198.196 (V - V) vs. I ILOAD = 5mA 1 2 4 5 I (ma) toc +5V REGULATOR PUT (V) 5.2 5.1 5. 4.9 4.8 +5V REGULATOR PUT vs. V NO LOAD I = 5mA I = 5mA 5 1 15 2 25 5 4 V (V) toc8 2Hz DIMMED OPERATION ILOAD = 5mA, V = VEN, V PULSED AT 2Hz (5% DUTY CYCLE) 1ms/div toc9 V 5V/div V ILOAD 2mA/div 2Hz DIMMED OPERATION EXPANDED toc1 2Hz DIMMED OPERATION EXPANDED toc11 2Hz DIMMED OPERATION toc12 V 5V/div V 5V/div EN 1V/div ILOAD = 5mA V = VEN V PULSED AT 2Hz (5% DUTY CYCLE) V ILOAD 2mA/div ILOAD = 5mA V = VEN V PULSED AT 2Hz (5% DUTY CYCLE) V ILED 2mA/div V ILED 2mA/div ILOAD = 5mA, V = 12V, EN PULSED AT 2Hz (5% DUTY CYCLE) 2µs/div 4µs/div 1ms/div 4 Maxim Integrated
High-Voltage, 5mA, Adjustable Linear P NAME FUNCTION 1, 16 Current-Regulated Output. Connect pin 1 to pin 16. Pin Description 2, Positive Input Supply. Bypass with a.1µf (min) capacitor to. Connect pin 2 to pin. 4 8, 1, 14 No Connection. Not internally connected. 9 Positive Input of the Internal Differential Amplifier. Connect the current-sense resistor between and to program the output current level. EP Exposed Pad. Connect to the ground plane for effective power dissipation. Do not use as the only ground connection. Functional Diagram REGULATOR EN ENABLE REFERENCE GENERATOR I -REG DIFFERENTIAL SENSE AMPLIFIER 1 Negative Input of the Internal Differential Amplifier. Connect the current-sense resistor between and to program the output current level. 11 +5V Regulated Output. Connect a.1µf capacitor from to. 12 Ground 15 EN Enable Input. Drive EN high to enable the output. THERMAL SHUTDOWN Detailed Description The is a high-current regulator capable of providing up to a total of 5mA of current to one or more strings of high-brightness LEDs. A wide operating input voltage range of +6.5V to +4V makes the ideal for automotive applications. A +5V regulated output provides up to 4mA of current to power external circuitry. In addition, the features thermal and output short-circuit protection. The wide operating voltage range helps protect the against large transients such as those found in load-dump situations up to 4V. The uses a feedback loop to control the output current. The differential voltage across the sense resistor is compared to a fixed reference voltage, and the error is amplified to serve as the drive to the internal Maxim Integrated 5
High-Voltage, 5mA, Adjustable Linear power series pass device (see the Functional Diagram). The regulation point is factory set at (V - V ) = 2mV ±.5%. The regulated current is user defined by the value of R SENSE. The is a current controller internally optimized for driving the impedance range expected from one or more HB LEDs. +5V Regulator The includes a fixed +5V output regulator that delivers up to 4mA of load current for low-power applications throughout the +6.5V to +4V input voltage range. Connect a.1µf compensation capacitor from to ground. Shorting to ground disables the thermal shutdown. When EN is low, is off. Thermal Protection The enters a thermal-shutdown mode in the event of overheating. This typically occurs in overload or output short-circuit conditions. When the junction temperature exceeds T J = +159 C (typ), the internal thermal-protection circuitry turns off the series pass device. The recovers from thermal-shutdown mode once the junction temperature drops by 24 C (typ). The part therefore protects itself by thermally cycling in the event of a short-circuit or overload condition. Shorting to ground disables the thermal shutdown. Applications Information Programming the LED Current The uses a sense resistor across and to set the LED current. The differential sense amplifier connected across R SENSE provides ground-loop immunity and low-frequency noise rejection. The LED current is given by the equation below: I LED = V SENSE /R SENSE Input Voltage Considerations For proper operation, the minimum input voltage must always be: V (M) V SENSE(MAX) + V FT(MAX + V DO(MAX) where VFT(MAX) is the total forward voltage of all seriesconnected LEDs. The minimum operating voltage of the device is +6.5V. The device operates below +6.5V; However, the output current may not meet the full regulation specification. Low-Frequency PWM at the Output The provides pulsed or chopped current dimming. Generally, HB LEDs are binned to match at their full-rated current; however, LEDs from the same bin exhibit poor matching at currents other than fullrated current. To achieve uniformity, HB LED manufacturers recommend PWM pulsing of the LED current at their full-rated value. There are two methods for producing a PWM output. One method is by pulsing the enable input (EN) while having a constant voltage at. The other method is to connect EN to and pulse both EN and. Both methods generate a regulated-amplitude PWM current (variable duty cycle) that can provide control over the LED brightness (see Figures 1 and 2). VEN 16 15 14 1 EN 16 15 14 1 EN V C1 1 2 12 11 1 C2 D1 ILED R SENSE V C1 1 2 12 11 1 C2 D1 ILED R SENSE 4 9 4 9 5 6 8 5 6 8 Figure 1. Pulse Application with V at a Constant Voltage Figure 2. Pulse Application with EN Connected to V 6 Maxim Integrated
High-Voltage, 5mA, Adjustable Linear Typical Operating Circuit PROCESS: BiCMOS Chip Information V C1 1 2 4 16 15 14 1 EN 5 6 8 12 11 1 9 C2 D1 R SENS Package Information For the latest package outline information and land patterns (footprints), go to www.maximintegrated.com/packages. Note that a +, #, or - in the package code indicates RoHS status only. Package drawings may show a different suffix character, but the drawing pertains to the package regardless of RoHS status. PACKAGE TYPE PACKAGE CODE LE NO. LAND PATTERN NO. 16 TQFN T1655+ 21-14 9- Maxim Integrated
High-Voltage, 5mA, Adjustable Linear Revision History REVISION NUMBER REVISION DATE DESCRIPTION PAGES CHANGED 2/8 Initial release 1 5/8 Updated Ordering Information, Electrical Characteristics, and Package Information. 2 1/12 Added automotive qualified part to Ordering Information 1 1, 2, 8, 9 Maxim Integrated cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim Integrated product. No circuit patent licenses are implied. Maxim Integrated reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time. The parametric values (min and max limits) shown in the Electrical Characteristics table are guaranteed. Other parametric values quoted in this data sheet are provided for guidance. 8 Maxim Integrated 16 Rio Robles, San Jose, CA 9514 USA 1-48-61-1 212 Maxim Integrated Products, Inc. Maxim Integrated and the Maxim Integrated logo are trademarks of Maxim Integrated Products, Inc.