Dr. Miriam Balgos, Program Coordinator/Associate Scientist Dr. Biliana Cicin-Sain, President/Professor Ms. Ujwala Ramakrishna, Policy Researcher Global Ocean Forum Gerard J. Mangone Center for Marine Policy University of Delaware 2016 ABNJ Regional Leaders Program March 24, 2016 1
Capacity Development The process by which individuals, groups, and organizations improve their ability to perform their functions and achieve the desired results over time (Horton 2002) Needed at many levels: Individual National Supranational Organizational Enabling environment needs In 2005, the Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness, and in 2008, the Accra Agenda for Action provided new directions in capacity development, stipulating the application of five principles (ownership, alignment, harmonization, results, and accountability) essential for success of development initiatives (FAO 2008) 2
SIDS ACCELERATED MODALITIES OF ACTION [S.A.M.O.A.] Pathway (l) To enhance the capacity of small island developing States to sustainably use their fisheries resources and develop fisheries- related industries, enabling them to maximize benefits from their fisheries resources and ensure that the burden of conservation and management of ocean resources is not disproportionately transferred to small island developing States; 3
Capacity Development Global Prescriptions and Progress Capacity development emphasized both in the 1992 UNCED and in the 2002 WSSD, and reinforced in the Rio +20 outcome Priority expressed repeatedly by developing countries and SIDS in the Rio+20 process Capacity development more important than ever especially in view of climate change and biodiversity loss Capacity development needed for new/emerging tools and approaches, e.g., Marine Spatial Planning, Blue Economy BUT Greatest unfulfilled need from 1992 and 2002
Rationale for the identification of evolving needs for capacity development in the management of ABNJ Importance/significance of ABNJ; current and emerging issues Evolving approaches (EBM and EAFM, integrated approach, MSP, systematic conservation, global and regional approaches) Rio+20 outcomes, the Green Economy paradigm, and the need to improve on the current institutional framework, developed over 30 years ago (since 1982 UNCLOS) Part of the package for consideration at BBNJ PrepCom 5
Capacity Development Global Prescriptions and Progress The level of funds expended on capacity development has been inadequate UN agencies typically have very low budgets devoted to capacity building Capacity building is done by a wide array of actors educational institutions, UN agencies, multilateral and bilateral donors, NGOs no one tracking overall effort, expenditures, aggregate impact No strategic planning and vision involved Lack of coordination among the donors
Capacity Development: Some Bright Spots The new paradigm of ecosystem-based integrated ocean and coastal governance has been widely adopted and disseminated in educational institutions around the world. Important initiatives have been taken by SIDS countries, such as the creation of the University Consortium of Small Island States. Teaching of integrated ocean governance to mid-level professionals, carried out by the International Ocean Institute (and its network of 25 teaching centers) has reached 600 professionals from 90 countries. UN agencies, although with limited funding, have carried out specific training in marine science leadership (IOC), law of the sea matters (UNDOALOS), ecosystem-based management and land-based sources of pollution (UNEP), maritime transportation issues (IMO), fisheries and aquaculture (FAO).
The world s museums and aquaria, organized in the World Ocean Network, have developed extensive public education and outreach efforts, to teach the general public about ocean stewardship. Capacity Development: Some Bright Spots Private foundations have made significant investments in training in the field (e.g., The United Nations-Nippon Foundation of Japan Fellowship Programme), and in public education efforts (e.g., Lighthouse Foundation, Germany). A network of practitioners has been trained in practical aspects of local integrated coastal and ocean management by the Partnerships in Environmental Management for the Seas of East Asia (PEMSEA), with financial support from GEF and UNDP, and in regional trans-boundary marine analyses and management has been developed through the GEF LME programs.
Capacity in ABNJ General Considerations Must be seen as a continuum from the coastal zone, EEZ, out to ABNJ, in the context of an ecosystembased approach Not solely ABNJ, as processes and ecosystems in these ocean areas are interconnected There are needs related both to integrated governance and sectoral capacity Ad hoc efforts will not be enough Capacity development for ABNJ must be institutionalized to support long-term, sustained and coordinated efforts The full range of capacity development needs for ABNJ must be included, e.g., from addressing sectoral needs to building the enabling environment for improving management and governance
Capacity Development Needs Assessment Provide basis for decision making as to which approach should be followed and what resources should be allocated to the development of the capacity development effort Capacity needs assessments should be made at all three levels: 1) individual, 2) institutional/organizational, and 3) enabling environment Questions: What exactly are the management issues/problems in ABNJ that capacity development could address? What causes these problems? What could be the capacity development solutions? Are there any other management actions needed to make the capacity development effective, including the provision of resources? Mapping capacity needs and capacity development resources 10
Consideration of the capacity needs of stakeholders and key players in the management and governance of ABNJ Sectors Shipping, capture fisheries and aquaculture, marine scientific research, tourism, oil and gas extraction, mining, deep sea cable and pipeline industry, disposal of nuclear waste or other substances and military uses, ocean uses by indigenous and local peoples National National delegations involved in UN negotiations, e.g., in Regular Process, BBNJ sessions; national experts and decision makers in various ministries, e.g., foreign affairs, environment, fisheries, transportation, etc. 11
Consideration of the capacity needs of stakeholders and key players in the management and governance of ABNJ Regional RFMOs, RFBs/RFAs, other regional ocean management mechanisms, e.g., UNEP Regional Seas Programme, GEF LME programs/projects Global UN DESA, UN DOALOS, FAO, IMO, IOC/UNESCO, UNEP, UNDP, UN-Oceans Civil Society NGOs, academic and research institutions, public outreach organizations 12
Existing Capacity Development Programs in ABNJ ISA GEF LME projects/programs GEF/FAO ABNJ program CBD/UNEP UN DOALOS (e.g. UN-Nippon Foundation Fellowship program, training sessions on continental shelf delineation) Capacity Building and Training Program on Dispute Settlement International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS) Capacity Building and Training Program on Dispute Settlement International Ocean Institute-University of Malta Master of Arts in Ocean Governance with a focus on ABNJ Regional programs National programs 13
InternaDonal Seabed Authority Objectives: Promote the participation of scientists and technicians from developing countries in collaborative MSR Encourage the open and widespread dissemination of the results of research carried out by developed countries and ISA contractors 14
ISA CD Programs Endowment for MSR (launched in 2006) Inter- Ridge/ISA student and post- doctoral fellowship programmes Technical Assistance Program- Marine Scientific Research Practical training in laboratory and field techniques, lectures, research programmes Rhodes Academy of Ocean Law and Policy grants Others Regional sensitization seminars on marine minerals (held in Indonesia, Brazil, Nigeria, Spain, Jamaica) Tongji University- ISA Scholarship Programme 15
Capacity Development Needs: Sectoral/1 Fisheries Improve capacity of applying EAF Strengthen ability to apply legal and institutional framework Share best practices and lessons learned through networks and information sharing mechanisms (north- south, south- south) Collection and sharing of fisheries and biodiversity information Area- based planning tool development and application 16
Capacity Development Needs: Sectoral/2 t- RFMOs and Western Pacific and Indian Oceans Support development of harvest strategy framework plans at the national and regional levels Implement global best practices on MCS to eliminate IUU fishing Harmonize and integrate bycatch data collection Skippers and industry workshops and sea trials on responsible fishing practices Reduce impacts of fishing on bycatch (especially sharks and seabirds) - FAO (2013) 17
Capacity Development Needs: Sectoral/2 MGR/ABS National level Inventory of genetic resources Assessment of existing capacity Strengthen institutional, administrative, financial and technical capacities Mechanisms for monitoring and compliance Knowledge management International level Clearing- house mechanisms (capacity- building database) Enhanced effectiveness/adequacy/coordination of financial resources Enhance capacity- building synergies of international organs - Hodges and Casa (2007) 18
Capacity Development Needs: National Capacity needed in developing and implementing a national policy on ABNJ Capacity to adopt new tools, approaches, technologies Capacity needed in representing national interests in international fora (e.g., UN GA, UN BBNJ meetings, regional meetings) Possible informants: Permanent representatives to the UN Government officials in relevant line agencies Intergovernmental agencies involved in ABNJ, regional and global International NGOs Research institutions Private sector/industry experts and representatives 19
Capacity Development Needs: Regional/1 Capacity to use existing guidelines, management tools, and information towards sustainable use of marine living resources exploited by deep sea fisheries, including the prevention of significant adverse impacts on deep sea vulnerable marine ecosystems (VMEs) and the protection of marine biodiversity that these ecosystems contain (e.g., FAO International guidelines for the management of deep- sea fisheries in the high seas) - FAO (2012) 20
Capacity Development Needs: Regional/2 Capacity to implement IPOA- IUU, PSM Agreement among member countries and develop their capacity in fisheries management as an integral part of plans and strategies for fisheries and aquaculture Capacity to help countries solve their problems of over- capacity in fishing fleets Address the need for information on unregulated and unreported aspects of IUU fishing which is also important for fisheries and aquaculture decision making Capacity to implement CITES, Montreal Protocol, other MEAs among member countries Capacity to provide the outreach type of assistance that regional organizations, being closer to member countries, can, or could potentially deliver in practice 21
Capacity Development Needs: Global Strengthen coordination and cooperation across global organizations, regions and countries E.g., collaboration between CBD and FAO on EBSAs and VMEs Promote collaboration and consultation among all regional bodies or arrangements on matters of common concern E.g., blocking catch flows to markets will require harmonized regional cooperation to implement port State measures. 22
Capacity Development Needs: Priority Management Options/1 Fisheries closures: Stock assessment and modeling High Seas MPAs: Ability to apply relevant lessons learned from nearshore MPAs and MPAs in EEZs in high seas MPAs Capacity to use spatial planning tools and modeling processes using biodiversity data and physical proxies to create maps, which can inform conservation decisions based on sound science Ability to compile scientific information and make it accessible to the marine conservation community and those who need it for making decisions Ability to develop and use tools and approaches in managing HS MPAs and establishing management effectiveness 23
Capacity Development Needs: Priority Management Options/2 EBSAs: Professional expertise and advice to identify EBSAs/ application of EBSA criteria Capacity to collect information and data about the marine areas and to use the available analytical tools effectively and adapt them Capacity to take action and protect EBSAs VMEs: Different management methodologies and options for VMEs EIA: Capacity to apply EIA in ABNJ, ecological risk analysis, including methods for assessing cumulative impacts 24
Reflections and Opportunities on the Way Forward Near- term: Conduct capacity development in order to strengthen implementation of existing institutional framework, tools and approaches Conduct capacity development so that countries and other stakeholders which are not well- equipped to meaningfully engage in relevant regional/global negotiations are able to do so in the future especially in light of Rio+20 provisions Long- term: Need to address capacity needs in line with evolving policy/management framework 25
Reflections and Opportunities on the Way Forward GEF/FAO Common Oceans Program on Global Sustainable Fisheries Management and Biodiversity Conservation in Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction Capacity ABNJ Project capacity needs assessment Other projects 26
Tuna Project Exchange of experience between RFMOs: Facilitate global collaboration Provide capacity for effective participation of developing states in the regional fisheries management Contribute to increase capacity at the global level by supporting the dialogue between the conservation and fisheries management communities 27
Contribute to Global Dialogue Bring information on alternative uses and biodiversity concerns to the fisheries community Address possible misconceptions and misinformation about tuna fisheries in the ABNJ, including RFMOs Empower the new actors with accurate information on the impact of fisheries in ABNJ Achievable with collaboration between partners within the Common Oceans Programme 28
Deep Seas Project Technical training Awareness raising/regional exchange Hands- on workshop/ojt Internships and Institutional and Individual twinning arrangements on specific topics 29
Ocean Partnerships Project Catalyze investment into selected transformational public- private partnerships that mainstream the sustainable management of highly migratory stocks spanning ABNJ Via reforms in fisheries management Subprojects: Bay of Bengal Western Central Pacific Ocean Western/Central Atlantic and Caribbean Eastern Pacific Ocean 30
Capacity Project Cross- sectoral dialogues Workshops (Rome and St. George s) High- level policy dialogues Capacity development ABNJ Regional Leaders Program Communities of Practice Knowledge management and outreach Public Outreach Network ABNJ Web Portal (commonoceans.org) 31
InformaDon for Tomorrow When anyone arrives, they will need to go to the security desk at the end of the building facing the skating rink at Rockefeller Plaza. Names have been provided to the security desk. They should have a passport, driver s license or some form of photo id. They will receive a visitor day pass. They then should go to the elevator bank that serves the 23 rd floor. Using the pass, it will be scanned and they can proceed to the elevator. We have set up our Conference room 23A for the meeting. There should be coffee and light snacks set up by 0815. 32