The Industrial Revolution Phase II CHAPTER 11 SECTION 1
The First Industrial Revolution Focus on the introduction of: Textile Industry Railroad construction Iron production And coal extraction and use
The Second Industrial Revolution Would have a different focus that included: Steel production Chemical development Production and transfer of electricity The production of petroleum and petroleum by-products
Changes Henry Bessemer develops the Bessemer Process: - a process that made steel stronger, faster, and cheaper! Now steel became the primary building material for buildings, ships, railroad lines, and weapons
Changes Electricity could now be converted into heat, light, and motion It could be moved easily through wires = energy
Changes Leads to factories powered by ELECTRICITY rather than relying on water power and steam engines
Electricity also leads to inventions!! Edison and Swan (GB) develop the light bulb Bell develops the telephone Marconi discovers radio wave generation = leads to discovery of morse-code
Electricity also leads to other inventions!! In factories Powered conveyor belts = the assembly line from Ford Cranes to move large objects Machines that made consumer and industrial goods
The Internal Combustion Engine Powered by oil and gasoline Allowed ocean liners to power with oil and gas driven engines (which were more efficient and reliable than steam engines) The creation of the airplane (Wright Brothers) The first automobile is developed as well
To Britain and Beyond We all know the first nation to industrialize was GREAT BRITAIN In 1807 Wm. Cockerill (a British mechanic) took his knowledge of textile machinery and opened his own factory in Belgium
The Race to Industrialize Was
How Did They Catch Up To GB??? Nations such as Germany, France, and the United States had even more natural resources (like iron and coal) than Great Britain did = so they were in a great position to copy what Britain did and then make the process even better
Industrial Success In 1871 Germany unites into one nation, within a few decades they are an industrial power house Following the US Civil War America really goes gang busters over industrialization becoming the leading industrial nation by 1900
GB, Belgium, France, Netherlands, Germany, Western Austrian Empire, Northern Italy Advanced Dramatically with Industrial Revolution
Other Industrial Successes Japan even though it lacked resources it industrializes rapidly.but that is a story for another day Other successes include: Canada, New Zealand, and Australia
Southern Italy, Rest of A-H Empire, Spain, Portugal, Balkans, & Russia DO NOT Industrialize
So What??? With each nations industrialization comes tough times and conditions like we wrote about in our letters But as the revolution continues things do get better
Better How? Factories produce lots of goods ( supply) at bargain ( $) = even lowly workers began to be able to afford things leading to an increase in demand This brought about more jobs as did the building of new city buildings, factories, railroads, etc.
Typewriters Better How? People could now afford consumer goods which made their lives a little bit better Ex. Clocks Bicycles
Life is Getting Better!!!! But not fast enough for some..
Thinkers Who s Ideas Effected the Industrial Era AKA: REALLY SMART DUDES
The idea that no matter how bad things were, the government should not do anything to interfere (including helping the poor) with businesses or the working conditions imposed on the employees of factories
Thomas Malthus Supporter of Laissez Faire Tried to explain that the population explosion was outstripping food supply
Thus there would be Crowded Slums Hungry People
High unemployment Misery
His Solution???? Don t Do A Thing!!! Allow war, famine, and disease to do their part to decrease population He was against vaccinations and charity for those in need He also said For poor people
The transition to an industrial society was very hard on workers. The desire to improve their working and living conditions led many industrial workers to form socialist political parties and unions. Socialism is a theory that comes from the mind of a gentleman named Karl Marx.
Another New Idea SOCIALISM
What does Socialism Say? To put an end to poverty and injustice.. Society (meaning everyone) should own and operate the MEANS OF PRODUCTION WHATS THAT??????????????????????????? **The stuff needed to produce and sell goods like farms, factories, railways, -n- stuff
A Final New Idea for the Day COMMUNISM
That s Communism Y ALL Communism believed the same thing Socialism did.. But took things a step further Communist believe that the different social classes would war with one another eventually leading to a classless society where everyone would work for the good of everyone else
The men who developed this theory - Friedrich Engles Karl Marx
Marx and Engles Believed that the lowly workers (whom they called the Proletariat) would rise up and violently overthrow the business managers and owners (whom they called the Bourgeoisie)
Do any of these make sense to you? It did to some from that time period and they took the ideas and created UNIONS People discovered that while they could not change their living and working conditions alone, they could come together to demand change
Their most powerful tool was to strike This tactic did help make things better for the average worker in Great Britain and eventually in other nations as well