Power Quality and Harmonic :Causes and Effects with Paper Mill Factory Danaisak Tangsakha PEA Thailand danaisakpq@gmail.com Provincial Electricity Authority, Thailand 1
Topics Introduction Power Quality standard Single line diagram Results Power Quality Assessment Relationships in Power Quality Monitoring Systems Simulation Model Conclusion Q&A Provincial Electricity Authority, Thailand 2
What is Harmonics Voltage? A sinusoidal voltage with a frequency equal to an integer multiple of the fundamental frequency of the supply voltage (EN50160) Order 3 : 3 50 Hz = 150 Hz Provincial Electricity Authority, Thailand 3
Where is the source of the harmonics? Other loads Other loads Harmonic current flow (a) Power flow at the fundamental frequency Three-phase voltage and current measurements Motors and all other linear loads Nonlinear Load PF Correction Capacitor Banks (b) Harmonic power flow Provincial Electricity Authority, Thailand 4
Parallel vs Series resonance 132 kv level if f r = f Xc 0 Ic I 11 kv level Transformer 1000 kva, u k = 5 % I Transformer 630 kva, u k = 5 % 415 V level Parallel resonance Series resonance 415 V level I DC drive 600 kw cos = 0.65... Capacitor bank 3 300 kw cos = 0.65... Capacitor bank Provincial Electricity Authority, Thailand 5
Parallel vs Series resonance Provincial Electricity Authority, Thailand 6
Power Quality standard Point of Common Coupling : PCC (kv) Total Harmonic Distortion Voltage THDv (%) Individual Harmonic Distortion Voltage(%) Odd Even 0.4 5 4 2 11,12,22 and 24 4 3 1.75 33 3 2 1 69 2.45 1.63 0.82 115 and above 1.5 1 0.5 Harmonic : referring to PRC-PQG-01/1998 Provincial Electricity Authority, Thailand 7
Power Quality standard Point of Common Coupling : PCC (kv) Pst Plt Below 115 kv 1.0 0.8 More than 115 kv 0.8 0.6 Pst ; Short-Term Severity Values (10 minutes) Plt : Long-Term Severity Values (2 hours) Voltage fluctuation : referring to PRC-PQG-02/1998 Provincial Electricity Authority, Thailand 8
Paper Mill Factory Paper Mill(F6) Provincial Electricity Authority, Thailand 9
Paper Mill Factory Provincial Electricity Authority, Thailand 10
Paper Mill Factory : Survey Paper Mill Machine - DC Motor 200 hp - DC Inverter 6 pulse Provincial Electricity Authority, Thailand 11
Single line Diagram Provincial Electricity Authority, Thailand 12
Power Quality monitoring Provincial Electricity Authority, Thailand 13
Results Table 1 Power Quality Assessment at M1 Provincial Electricity Authority, Thailand 14
Results Table 2 Harmonics Current at M1 Provincial Electricity Authority, Thailand 15
Relationships in Power Quality Monitoring Systems Supply Voltage Variations Provincial Electricity Authority, Thailand 16
Relationships in Power Quality Monitoring Systems Supply Voltage Frequency Provincial Electricity Authority, Thailand 17
Relationships in Power Quality Monitoring Systems %THDv 4% < Normal Operation Provincial Electricity Authority, Thailand 18
Relationships in Power Quality Monitoring Systems Effect with Paper Mill %THDv 4% < Normal Operation %THDv >5% Provincial Electricity Authority, Thailand 19
Simulation Model Provincial Electricity Authority, Thailand 20
Simulation Model Full Load With out Cap Provincial Electricity Authority, Thailand 21
Simulation Model Full Load On Cap Provincial Electricity Authority, Thailand 22
Simulation Model Current Waveform Voltage Waveform Provincial Electricity Authority, Thailand 23
Simulation Model Provincial Electricity Authority, Thailand 24
Simulation Model Load 50% On Cap Provincial Electricity Authority, Thailand 25
Simulation Model Current Waveform Voltage Waveform Provincial Electricity Authority, Thailand 26
Simulation Model Provincial Electricity Authority, Thailand 27
The popular solutions Structural modification - change size or location of capacitor, transformer connection in 12-Pulse converter Third Harmonic Filter in neutral wire (Blocking Filter) in electrical system not allowed in some countries Detuned filter most popular Tuned filter classical but lots of limitations Active filter most effective but still high investment Provincial Electricity Authority, Thailand 28
How to choose? in LV Low harmonics Medium harmonics High harmonics Don t worry Parallel resonance Need filtering Install plain capacitors Install detuned filter Install Tune/active filter 29
Conclusion Power Quality issues in MDB01 caused by Parallel Resonance by transformer and capacitor bank to become Parallel Resonance from harmonic source. Due to power quality monitoring, it should install Active Filter to reduce harmonic and most effective but still high investment. Provincial Electricity Authority, Thailand 30
Q&A Provincial Electricity Authority, Thailand 31