Techniques and Concepts of High-Energy Physics V

Techniques and Concepts of High-Energy Physics V

NATO ASI Se ries Advanced Science Institutes Series Aseries presenting the results ot activities sponsored by the NA TO Science Committee, which aims at the dissemination pt advanced scientific and technological knowledge, with a view to strengthening links between scientific communities. The series is published by an international board of publishers in conjunction with the NATO Scientific Affairs Division A B C D E F G H Life Sciences Physics Mathematical and Physical Sciences Behavioral and Social Sciences Applied Sciences Computer and Systems Sciences Ecological Seien ces Cell Biology Plenum Publishing Corporation New York and London Kluwer Academic Publishers Dordrecht, Boston, and London Springer-Verlag Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, London, Paris, and TOkyo Reeent Volumes in this Series Va/ume 19B-Mechanisms of Reactions of Organometallic Compounds with Surfaces edited by D. J. Cole-Hamilton and J. O. Williams Va/ume 199-Science and Technology of Fast Ion Conductors edited by H. L. Tuller and M. Balkanski Va/ume 200-Growth and Optical Properties of Wide-Gap li-vi Low Dimensional Semiconductors edited by T. C. McGill, C. M. Sotomayor Torres, and W. Gebhardt Va/ume 201-Physics of Highly-Ionized Atoms edited by Richard Marrus Va/ume202-Point and Extended Defects in Semiconductors edited by G. Benedek, A. Cavallini, and W. Schröter Va/ume203-Evaluation of Advanced Semiconductor Materials by Electron Microscopy edited by David Cherns Va/ume 204-Techniques and Concepts of High-Energy Physics V edited by Thomas Ferbel Va/ume 205-Nuclear Matter and Heavy Ion Collisions edited by Madeleine Soyeur, Hubert Flocard, Bernard Tamain, and Madeleine Porneuf Series B: Physics

Techniques and Concepts 01 High-Energy Physics V Edited by Thomas Ferbel University of Rochester Rochester, New York Plenum Press New York and London Published in cooperation with NATO Scientific Affairs Division

Proceedings of the Fifth NATO Advanced Study Institute on Technlques and Concepts of High-Energy Physics, held July 14-25, 1988, in St. Crolx, U.S. Virgin Islands ISBN 978-1-4615-8003-4 DOI10.1007/978-1-4615-8001-0 ISBN 978-1-4615-8001-0 (ebook) Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data NATO Advanced Study Institute on Techniques and Concepts of High-Energy Physics (5th: 1988: Saint Croix, V.I.) Techniques and concepts of high-energy physics V I edited by Thomas Ferbel. p. cm-(nato ASI series. Se ries S, Physics; v. 204) "Proceedings of the Fifth NATO Advanced Study Institute on Techniques and Concepts of High-Energy Physics, held July 14-25, 1988, in St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands"-Verso of t.p. "Published in cooperation with NATO Scientific Affairs Division." Includes bibliographical references. 1. Particles (Nuclear physics)-congresses. I. Ferbel, Thomas. 11. North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Scientific Affairs Division. 111. Title. IV. Series. QC793.N38 1988 89-22990 539.7'2-dc20 CIP 1990 Plenum Press, New York Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1 st edition 1990 A Division of Plenum Publishing Corporation 233 Spring Street, New York, N.Y. 10013 All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher

PREFACE The fifth Advanced Study Institute (ASI) on Techniques and Concepts of High Energy Physics was held again at the Hotel on the Cay, in the scenic harbor of Christiansted, St. Croix, U. S. Virgin Islands. The ASI brought together a total of 71 participants, from 17 different countries. It was another great success, due to the dedication of the inspiring lecturers, the exceptional study body, and, of course, the beautiful setting. The primary support for the meeting was again provided by the Scientific Affairs Division of NATO. The ASI was cosponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy, by Fermilab, by the National Science Foundation, and by the University of Rochester. A special contribution from the Oliver S. and Jennie R. Donaldson Charitable Trust provided an important degree of flexibility, as well as support for worthy students from developing nations. As in the ca se of the previous ASI's, the scientific program was designed for advanced graduate students and recent PhD recipients in experimental particle physics. The present volume of lectures should complement the material published in the first four ASI's, and prove to be of value to a wider audience of physicists. It is a pleasure to acknowledge the encouragement and support that I have continued to receive from colleagues and friends in organizing this meeting. I am indebted to the members of my Advisory Committee for their infinite patience and excellent advice. I am grateful to my distinguished lecturers for their enthusiasm and participation in the ASI, and, of course for their hard work in preparing the lectures and providing the superb manuscripts for the proceedings. I thank Scott Ogg of the West Indies Lab for his fascinating description of the geology and marine life of St. Croix, and Albert Lang for talking him into this. I thank Frederic Perrier for organizing the student presentations. I also thank Earle Fowler, Bernard Hildebrand and Bill Wallenmeyer for support from the Department of Energy, David Berley for assistance from the National Science Foundation, and Leon Lederman for providing me with access to the talents of Angela Gonzales at Fermilab. At Rochester, I am indebted to Judy Mack, Sal Spinnichia, and especially Connie Jones, for organizational assistance and typing. I owe thanks to Andrew Pappas and the managers of the facilities at the Hotel on the Cay, for their and their staff's hospitality and to Margi Levy and her colleagues at Southerland Tours in Christiansted who have been helping me for years with local arrangements. I wish to acknowledge the generosity of Chris Lirakis and Mrs. Marjorie Atwood of the Donaldson Trust, and support of George Blanar of LeCroy Research Systems Corp. Finally, I thank Luis da Cunha of NATO for his cooperation and confidence. T. Ferbel Rochester, New York April 1989 v

LECTURERS U. Amaldi CERN J. Dorfan Stanford Linear Accelerator Center G. Giacomelli University of Bologna J. Harvey Rutherford Appleton Laboratory L. Ibanez University of Madrid G. Martinelli University of Rome S. Peggs Central Design Group of the SSC M. Regler Austrian Academy of Sciences B. Winstein University of Chicago SCIENTIFIC ADVISORY COMMITTTEE M. Jacob CERN R. Palmer Brookhaven National Laboratory R. Peccei DESY D. Perkins Oxford University C. Quigg Central Design Group of the SSC and FNAL P. Soding DESY R. Taylor Stanford Linear Accelerator Center M. Tigner Central Design Group of the SSC and Cornell University SCIENTIFIC DIRECTOR T. Ferbel University of Rochester vi

CONTENTS Aspects and the Physics of the Standard Model...... 1 G. Martinelli Grand Unification, Supersymmetry, Superstrings: to Physics Beyond the Standard Model. L. Ibanez An Introduction 59 zo Physics at the SLC........... 117 J. Dorfan Topics in Kaon Physics................. 173 B. Winstein Post Collider Physics............ 229 G. Giacomelli Attaining Superhigh Energies with e+e- Collisions...... 295 U. Amaldi Nonlinear Dynamics in the SSC - Experiment E778..... 317 S. Peggs Data Acquisition in High Energy Physics...... 347 J. Harvey Reconstruction of Charged Tracks.............. 407 M. Regler and R. Frühwirth Participants 501 Index... 503 vii