Participatory Innovation engaging users in design Jacob Buur professor of user-centred design University of Southern Denmark MSc mechatronic engineer 1984 Consultant engineer, IPU 1984 86 Research in Japan 1887 89 PhD design engineering 1990 Assist. professor TU Denmark1990 92 UCD head, Danfoss 1992 06 Professor, MCI 2000 Participatory Innovation engaging users in design Diskussion 1: Hvilke udfordringer ser du for din virksomhed i at gennemføre dette projekt? Handheld Smart Window for process operators 0.5 year vision project 10 member UCD team 1
Approaches to User-driven Innovation PARTICIPATORY INNOVATION Participatory Innovation Three R&D opportunities: Skilled users Value networks Ethnographic provocation 2
Skilled users Study people to understand: Shift to the demand-side strategy [C.Kim] People want ligt, not lamps. [F.Becker] Home Dialysis 3
Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Patients as skilled practitioners Learning to perform [on] oneself Learning to perceive oneself inserting needles threading a machine physical changes external numbers Perceptual-motor skills & cognitive skills 4
Skilled users Engaging people on their homeground: You have to be a Chinese to understand. [J.Clausen] Invest abroad to get customer proximity [F.Becker] Your thesis will be tested on Mt.Everest! [M.Hawley] BodyGames 5
Value networks Designer New ideas come from collisions of perspective! [M.Hawley] User - Designer Designer User - Designer - User User 6
Floor heating 7
Ethnographic provocation How does your organisation accept new impulses? Innovation from within is very difficult. [J.Clausen] Theory reconstruction: Don t accept the existing structure, reconstruct economy [C.Kim] The future may require not so much having a new idea as stopping having an old one! [Edwin Land /M.Hawley] 8
Waste Water Treatment 9
A user ethnography in the making Feeling the process Watching the components Controlling the control system Ethnographic provocation Sales engineer: -He doesn t actually need to go out there, he can see it on his screen. Designer: -But we have seen the operators walk out in the environment all the time. Sales engineer: -Well, we don t mind that, if he needs to sweep the floor, he needs to sweep it. With this system it is actually uninteresting. 10
Ethnographic provocation - The Bioscope Ethnographic provocation R&D engineer: Wouldn t it be better to get the info in the office rather than out there at the basin edge? Operator: But often there is nobody inside. R&D engineer: But what if it is really cold and rainy? Operator: Well, some people know how to dress. 11
Participatory Innovation Three R&D opportunities: Skilled users Value networks Ethnographic provocation Diskussion 2: Er der potentiale her for din virksomhed? Fra design til innovation - anno 2007 Et forskningscenter på tværs af fagdiscipliner Employees in the university lab rather than university as corporate client [M.Hawley] Jacob Buur 12
Bredt virksomhedssamarbejde Interacting with companies on four levels Intel, Pitney Bowes, Philips Danfoss, Oticon, Novo Nordisk 180 Academy Focon Mechatronics cluster Healthcare Innovation cluster Syddanske Forskerparker Forskning med samfundsnytte 13
Six research strings Re-conceptualising the value-chain Supporting user innovation 1. Skilled innovation (scaffolding skilled use & skilled innovation) 2. Horizons of imagination (user vs. technology time horizon) 3. Values in action (satisfaction data vs. social constructs) Organising user-driven innovation 4. Dynamic participation (methods for broad involvement) 5. SME aptitude (methods for small organisations) 6. Ethnographic provocation (user knowledge & self-image) Tværfaglig undervisning Students as a constant source of new ideas [M.Hawley] Interactive Design 3-year undergraduate Electrical engineering - muscles & motors - senses & sensors - brains & bytes Innovation & Business 5-year engineering degree - creativity - business planning - innovation management - build your own business 14
Tværfaglig undervisning People here seem to grow up too quickly [M.Hawley] IT Product Design 2-year masters course International students - multidisciplinary teams - user collaboration - product interaction User-Centred Engineering Design Anthropology User-Driven Innovation Interaction Design Participatory Innovation Read more: Thank you: Thomas Binder Kyle Kilbourn Mette Kjærsgaard Werner Sperschneider 15
The Smart Window Video Roadmap 15 Video highlights of a user centred design process FIELD STUDY 2:20 Exploring the use context USER WORKSHOP I 3:15 Exploring wild ideas USER WORKSHOP II 2:40 Co-designing crude mock-ups USER WORKSHOP III 1:44 Evaluating three style mock-ups USER WORKSHOP IV 3:00 Co-designing interaction USER WORKSHOP V 2:10 Evaluating the prototype 19. June 0:00 13. August 7:00 28. August 13:40 12. September 23:00 9. October 27:00 9. December 31:50 User involvement: How we collaborated with process operators WORK SITUATION 1:05 Extracting the scenario basis DESIGN-IN-CONTEXT 3:25 Users create scenarios SCENARIO THEATER 2:15 Acting out three design styles INTERACTION SCENARIO 1:05 Checking out how it works COMPANY EXHIBIT 1:50 Presenting the prototype 19. June 2:20 13. August 10:15 12. September 20:45 9. October 25:55 28.November 30:00 Product functionality: What the product should do for the operators Jacob Buur & Ole Iversen, for Product Innovation, University of Southern Denmark MUSEUM WORKSHOP 3:20 Finding interaction inspiration 31. July 3:40 FASHION SEMINAR 2:05 Establishing interaction styles 1. September 16:20 DESIGN REVIEW 2:40 Styling the user 3. September 18:25 Interaction style: How we d like the operators to experience the interaction design CATWALK 1:48 Presenting two style concepts 9. October 24:25 The Smart Window Project was a 6 month effort of the Danfoss User Centred Design Group in 1997.